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News & Insights (/news-insights) / Engineering Advantage Blog (/blog) / Using Stress-Strain Data in a Finite Element Simulation

Engineering Advantage

Related Posts:

Using Stress-Strain Data in a Finite


Element Simulation
(/blog/will-poorly-shaped-elements-really-affectmy-solution)

0
(/blog/willpoorly-

July 24, 2015


by: Steven Hale

shapedelements-

reallyWill Poorly-Shaped Elements


affect-myReally Affect My Solution?

solution#disqus_thread)
(/blog/will-poorly-shaped-elementsreally-affect-my-solution)

READ MORE (/BLOG/WILL-POORLY-SHAPED-ELEMENTSREALLY-AFFECT-MY-SOLUTION)

TAGS: Meshing (/blog?tid_1=Meshing) / element


selection (/blog?tid_1=element selection) / FEA
Consulting (/blog?tid=66) / Engineering Analysis Tips
(/blog?tid=28)

/ FEA (/blog?tid=65)

October 10, 2013 By: Eric Stamper

Analysis of structures undergoing permanent deformation is something that CAE Associates


routinely performs as part of its FEA consulting services (/engineering-consulting/fea-consultingservices) .

A typical example is a battery crimping process, which involves multiple components

(/blog/should-

subject to plastic deformation.


Of great importance to the accuracy of these analyses are the material properties
(/resources/managing-material-property-data-ansys-e-learning) . Characterization of plasticity in ductile
metals can be derived from a tensile test. If the load as a function of displacement is the
output from the test apparatus, how can that information be used to describe the behavior of
the microstructure of the material? Divide the force by the area of the specimen (engineering
stress) and divide the displacement by the original specimen length (engineering strain) and
were getting a little closer. Such data might look like whats shown below:

July 17, 2015


by: Peter Barrett

i-becomedesignengineer-

Should I Become a Design orengineeringEngineer or an Engineering


analyst#disqus_thread)
Analyst? (/blog/should-i-becomedesign-engineer-or-engineeringanalyst)
READ MORE (/BLOG/SHOULD-I-BECOME-DESIGNENGINEER-OR-ENGINEERING-ANALYST)

TAGS: Careers (/blog?tid_1=Careers) / CFD (/blog?


tid=80)

/ FEA (/blog?tid=65)

(/blog/have-initial-stress-relax-we-can-work-it)

0
(/blog/haveinitial-

July 10, 2015


by: Patrick Cunningham

stressrelax-we-

Have Initial Stress? Relax, We


it#disqus_thread)
Can Work with It! (/blog/havecan-work-

After the yield stress and up to the ultimate strength (UTS) the curve exhibits strain hardening.
This is a way the material can carry more load even with a reduction in cross-sectional area
(caused by the shearing of molecular bonds). The stress will continue to increase with strain
as long as the strain hardening can compensate for this reduction in area. Once it can no

initial-stress-relax-we-can-work-it)
READ MORE (/BLOG/HAVE-INITIAL-STRESS-RELAX-WECAN-WORK-IT)

longer compensate, at the UTS, the cross-sectional area changes faster than the increase in
stress and a strain softening response is seen, up to failure. The maximum point on the curve,

TAGS: initial stress (/blog?tid_1=initial stress) / Stress

UTS, occurs due to geometrical effects but does not describe the actual stress state in the

(/blog?tid_1=Stress)

specimen. Remember, this data comes from the testing apparatus.

Engineering Analysis Tips (/blog?tid=28) / FEA (/blog?

/ FEA Consulting (/blog?tid=66) /

tid=65)

If determining the actual stress state of the material is of importance, e.g. for use in a finite
element simulation; then a different metric will be need to be used to describe the material
behavior. Knowing this and how to convert the reported data is key. Lets convert it for use in
a simulation.
0
First off, only so much information can be obtained from this data. The equations that relate
engineering stress and strain to the true stress and strain of the material are valid up to the
UTS. Afterwards, the instantaneous cross-sectional area would need to be measured in test to
derive what the true stress and strain relationship was.
Once the material has gone plastic, further deformation is isochoric. The plastic-flow regime

(/blog/independenceJuly 2, 2015

day#disqus_thread)

by: Christina Capasso Jamerson

Independence Day!

(/blog/independence-day)

has a negligible change in volume, i.e. the Poissons ratio is close to 0.5. This allows for the
change in length to be related to the change in area and the engineering stress strain (e-

READ MORE (/BLOG/INDEPENDENCE-DAY)

e) data can be converted into true stress-strain (t-t) data up to the UTS with the following
TAGS: just for fun (/blog?tid_1=just for fun) /

equations:

Engineering Analysis Tips (/blog?tid=28)

t=e (1+e), t=ln(1+e)


If the both sets of data are plotted in the same chart, they would look as shown below:

(/blog/how-model-foundation-supports)

0
(/blog/howJune 26, 2015
by: Peter Barrett

modelfoundationsupports#disqus_thread)

How to Model Foundation


Supports (/blog/how-modelfoundation-supports)

Structural analysis codes may require that the stress strain data be input in terms of the
True Stress versus the True Plastic Strain. In which case, the data can be converted as

READ MORE (/BLOG/HOW-MODEL-FOUNDATION-

follows:

SUPPORTS)

Calculate the Modulus = True Stress at Yield / True Total Strain at Yield

TAGS: foundation supports (/blog?tid_1=foundation


supports)

/ soil-structure interaction (/blog?tid_1=soil/ FEA Consulting (/blog?tid=66) /

Next, convert the Engineering (/home) data to True data based on the equations above. Then

structure interaction)

subtract off the True Elastic Strain from the True Total Strain at each point to find the True
Plastic Strain (True Plastic Strain = True Total Strain True Stress / Modulus).

Engineering Analysis Tips (/blog?tid=28) / FEA (/blog?

Using actual data, the conversion is shown below:

Some important points about this data:


1) The first point on the True Stress True Total Stain curve defines the slope or the elastic
response of the material (i.e. the Modulus, therefore these points must match by Hookes Law:
Stress = Modulus * Strain).
2) At each True Total Strain increment, True Elastic Strain (the True Stress at that increment
divided by the modulus) is subtracted off to determine the corresponding True Plastic Strain.
3) The True Total Strain at yield is equivalent to the True Elastic Strain and the True Plastic
Strain at this point is zero.
4) If the simulation code allows for the input of stress versus total strain, the first point input
should correspond to the True Stress at Yield and True Total Strain at Yield.
5) If the simulation code allows for the input of stress versus plastic strain, the first point input
should correspond to the True Stress at Yield and True Plastic Strain at Yield (which will be
input as zero).
6) The True stress strain data is calculated up to the ultimate strength of the test data.
Simulation codes (/ansys-software-support) may assume that the material is perfectly plastic after
this point (i.e. strain will continue to increase without an increase in stress).

tid=65)

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