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1257
Date 05 Nov 2008
Page 1 of 7
HOISTING FACILITES
PURPOSE
This document establishes guidelines and recommended procedures for the design of
Hoisting Facilities.
SCOPE
This document illustrates the designs of Bridge Crane Girders, Monorails and Jib
Cranes/Davit Columns using the latest code references. This guideline does not cover
curved monorails which shall be designed according to established principles of
mechanics and applicable codes.
APPLICATION
This document deals with the analysis and design of Hoisting Facilities. Hoisting
facilities normally encountered in industrial plants are bridge cranes, monorails, and jib
cranes.
Bridge cranes and monorails are commonly used in buildings and structures as a means
of lifting and moving loads from one place to another for maintenance purposes.
Jib cranes are commonly used to move loads short distances such as in loading or
unloading, and for maintenance.
DEFINITIONS
Bridge Crane: A device supported by a pair of support girders to lift large loads and move
them from one place to another and commonly used inside buildings.
Monorail: A single beam supporting the hoist unit's bottom flange hanging from
connections to its top flange.
Jib Crane:
Wall bracket jib crane serves as a supplement to regular traveling crane or monorail
for smaller loads along the wall or bay. The jib crane rotates up to 200 degrees,
serving the area within the radius of the beam's span.
Free standing jib crane also serves as a supplement to overhead traveling cranes.
The free standing jib cranes offer up to 360 degrees rotation without being attached
to building structure.
Structural Engineering
Guideline 000.215.1257
Date 05 Nov 2008
Page 2 of 7
HOISTING FACILITES
Structural Engineering
Guideline 000.215.1257
Date 05 Nov 2008
Page 3 of 7
HOISTING FACILITES
These cranes must provide the highest reliability with special attention to ease of
maintenance features.
DESIGN
CONDITIONS
The vertical and horizontal loads used in the design of Hoisting Facilities will consist of
the lifted load plus an impact load. Unless otherwise specified, the impact loads will be
taken as follows in accordance with ASCE 7-05 Section 4.10. ASCE 7 is referenced by
the International Building Code and is a legal requirement (AISC Steel Design Guide 7).
For Situations not covered in ASCE 7-05 refer to AISE (Association of Iron and Steel
Engineers) Technical Report No. 13.
Vertical Impact Forces
(ASCE 7 Section 4.10.2)
Jib Cranes
Use 25 percent of the lifted load.
Jib Cranes
Lateral impact of 25 percent of the lifted load (impact load percentage is defined
by this guideline to accommodate the nature of the Jib Crane but increase is not
referenced in ASCE 7).
Structural Engineering
Guideline 000.215.1257
Date 05 Nov 2008
Page 4 of 7
HOISTING FACILITES
Load Combinations
The vertical load may be combined with any of the impact loads. However, the vertical
and horizontal impact loads will not be considered as acting concurrently. Also, there
will be no increase in allowable stress. Vertical and Lateral Impact Loads are considered
live loads and should be factored accordingly.
Deflections
The maximum vertical deflections of runway beams, monorails, and jib cranes will not
exceed L/600 for simply supported beams and L/300 for cantilevered beams for CMAA
70 Classes A, B, and C. Impact will not be considered in determining deflections.
The maximum vertical deflection for CMAA 70 Class D cranes is L/800 for simply
supported beams and L/400 for cantilevered beams.
The maximum deflection for CMAA 70 Classes E and F cranes is L/1000 for simply
supported beams and L/500 for cantilevered beams.
Note:
Recommended values for deflection for cantilevered beams are L/600 for hoist
capacities up to 5 tons and L/1000 for larger hoist capacities. This is to reduce
the slope the trolley must climb at the end of the cantilever.
All runway beams loaded laterally with crane lateral loads shall not exceed a maximum
deflection greater than L/400.
Fatigue
High cycle loaded hoisting facilities will need be designed for fatigue loading. Refer to
AISC Steel Construction Manual, 13th Edition Appendix 3 for Fatigue Design.
RUNWAY BEAM
DESIGN
The runway beam will normally be designed as a simply supported member with the span
equal to the maximum spacing between adjacent supports.
Position the crane to produce the worst loading conditions using Table 3-23 on page 3226 of the AISC Steel Construction Manual (13th Edition).
Compute the required moment of inertias (Ix and Iy) to satisfy the deflection control
criteria.
Calculate the bending moments Mx and My including the effects of impact.
Structural Engineering
Guideline 000.215.1257
Date 05 Nov 2008
Page 5 of 7
HOISTING FACILITES
The bending stress will be checked for both single axis and biaxial bending. Make sure
to modify member properties for composite members with channel caps.
Refer to AISC Steel Design Guide 9: Torsional Analysis of Structural Steel Members on
methods to account for torsion in the runway beam. Another method to account for
torsion in steel members is provided in Steel Structures: Design and Behavior by Salmon
& Johnson.
An alternative more crude method of accounting for the eccentric lateral load is provided
in AISC Steel Design Guide 7: Industrial Buildings 2nd ed. This method considers weak
axis bending to be taken by only one flange in flexure. When checking bending stress
due to lateral loading, the section modulus of the section under investigation will be taken
as 1/2 its elastic value to approximate the effect of torsion for members without channel
caps. If there is a channel cap you will need to calculate the section modulus of the top
half section. AISC Steel Design Guide 7 Appendix A provides properties for wide flange
sections with channel caps.
Note:
The analysis for torsion provided by AISC Steel Design Guide 9 is the preferred
method over the method of taking only have the flange in flexure to account for
torsion. Consult your project lead in deciding which method to use. The sample
designs provided for in the appendix provide a solution for each method.
Structural Engineering
Guideline 000.215.1257
Date 05 Nov 2008
Page 6 of 7
HOISTING FACILITES
Structural Engineering
Guideline 000.215.1257
Date 05 Nov 2008
Page 7 of 7
HOISTING FACILITES
REFERENCES
ASCE/SEI 7- Minimum Design Loads for Buildings and Other Structures. ASCE
(American Society of Civil Engineers). 2005
Carter, Charles j. & Seaburg, Paul A. Steel Design Guide 9: Torsional Analysis of
Structural Steel Members. AISC. 1997.
Fisher, James M. Steel Design Guide 7: Industrial Buildings- Roofs to Anchor Rods, 2nd
Edition. AISC. 2004.
Steel Construction Manual, 13th Edition. AISC (American Institute for Steel
Construction). 2005.
ATTACHMENTS
Attachment 01:
Attachment 02:
Structural Engineering
Guideline 000.215.1257
Date 05 Nov 2008
Attachment 01 - Page 1 of 10
PLAN VIEW
END TROLLEY
DESIGN DATA
(Ref. by crane manufacturer)
Crane capacity = 20.0 K
Bridge WT = 3.26 K
Trolley WT = 0.48 K
Hoist WT = 0.56 K
Wheel load = (20.0 K + 0.48 K + 0.56 K + 3.26/2 K)(1/2) = 11.34 K < 11.60 K (max wheel load)
Structural Engineering
Guideline 000.215.1257
Date 05 Nov 2008
Attachment 01 - Page 2 of 10
= 83.81 KFT
2(20)
at x = 8.6',
Beam WT = 0.06(20)2 1
= 3.0 KFT 2
= 86.81 KFT
ADD 10% Impact,
+ 8.68 KFT
= 95.50 KFT (approximately)
0.2 21.04
2
Mh = 1/2
20
2( 20)
(each beam)
2
6
= 7.6 KFT
2
Structural Engineering
Guideline 000.215.1257
Date 05 Nov 2008
Attachment 01 - Page 3 of 10
Allowable Deflections
L := 20ft
x.max:=
600
= 0.4 in
y.max :=
400
= 0.6 in
Px := 11.60kips
( L 6ft)
a :=
= 7 ft
2
E := 29000ksi
Px a
2
2
4
Ix_reqd :=
3 L 4 a = 506.016in
24 E x.max
Py := 0.20
= 1.052 kips
Py a
2
2
4
Iy_reqd :=
3 L 4 a = 30.594in
24 E y.max
A := 17.1in
Ix := 615in
Iy := 81.5in
3
S1 := 65.7in
Sy := 16.3in
S2 := 105in
rx := 6.00in
ry := 2.18in
3
Zx := 87.6in
Zy := 25.0in
tw.S := 0.411in
tf.S := 0.622in
tw.C := 0.240in
xp.C := 0.224in
d/Af S :=
dS := 15.0in
2
A C := 4.48in
4.38
in
dC := 10in
Structural Engineering
Guideline 000.215.1257
Date 05 Nov 2008
Attachment 01 - Page 4 of 10
rT := 2.94in
Values not tabulated in AISC 13th ed. Steel Construction Manual are included in
accompanied AISC Manual Companion CD in the AISC 9th ed. ASD Steel Construction
Manual.
y1 := 9.37in
Fy := 50ksi
Use A992 Grade Steel for Wide-Flange & A529 Gr. 50 Steel for Channel.
E
Fy
= 137.3
Sxt := S1 = 65.7 in
Sxc := S2 = 105 in
hc
t w.S
hp
E
Fy
Mp
0.09
0.54
My
= 27.4
<
= 60.678
p.w = 60.7
**Web is Compact**
Structural Engineering
Guideline 000.215.1257
Date 05 Nov 2008
Attachment 01 - Page 5 of 10
Flanges
Sxt
Sxc
= 0.626
p.f := 0.38
<
E
Fy
0.70
= 9.152
Sxt
FL := Fy
= 31.29 ksi
Sxc
r f := 0.95
kc E
FL
, 0.76 = 0.691
t w.S
= 24.05
d
2
= 7.62 in
= 8.84
<
r f = 24.05
**Flange is Compact**
Structural Engineering
Guideline 000.215.1257
Date 05 Nov 2008
Attachment 01 - Page 6 of 10
Unbraced Length
E
Lp := 1.1 rT
= 6.49 ft
Fy
t f.S
h o := d
AC +
J := 1.75in
tf.S
+ t w.C
d/Af S 2
A C xp.C +
= 14.562in
d/Af S
FL Sxc h o
Lr := 1.95 rT
1 + 1 + 6.67
= 28.551ft
FL Sxc ho
J
E
E
Lp = 6.49 ft
Lb = 20 ft
>
Cb := 1.00
hc
t w.S
= 27.4
>
Lr = 28.551ft
Conservative Case
<
p.w = 60.7
Lb Lp
M n_ltb := Cb Rpc M yc Rpc M yc FL Sxc
= 309.1 ft kips
Lr Lp
<
Structural Engineering
Guideline 000.215.1257
Date 05 Nov 2008
Attachment 01 - Page 7 of 10
Sxt = 65.7 in
Sxc = 105 in
<
M yt := Fy Sxt = 273.75ft
kips
hc
t w.S
= 27.4
<
p.w = 60.7
Mp
Rpt :=
= 1.333
M yt
M n_tfy := Rpt M yt = 365 ft kips
M a.x :=
Mn
= 185.1 ft kips
M x := 95.5ft kips
Mx
M a.x
= 0.516
With the Channel continuously braced because its weak axis is restrained by the Ssection top flange.
Zy.S := 9.08in
Sy.S := 5.19in
Structural Engineering
Guideline 000.215.1257
Date 05 Nov 2008
Attachment 01 - Page 8 of 10
M n_top_flange :=
M a_top_flange :=
M n_top_flange
= 10.4 ft kips
Mx
if
Ma.x
Mh
M a.y
+
= 0.621
Mh
M a.y
= "OK"
, "OK" , "**NG**"
h
t
w.S = 0.767
<
1.7
Lb
bf.S
M h = 7.6ft kips
>
Cr := 480000ksi
3
Cr t w.S tf.S
Rn :=
0.4
2
h
h
t w.S
Lb
bf.S
= 19.77kips
Structural Engineering
Guideline 000.215.1257
Date 05 Nov 2008
Attachment 01 - Page 9 of 10
:= 1.76
Rn
= 11.234kips
Max_Wheel_Load := 11.60kips
Rn
if Max_Wheel_Load <
, "OK" , "**NG**"
= "**NG**"
Try a Section with a thicker web or provide reinforcement. For this example a new section is
selected.
Try S15x50 w/ C10x15.3
tw.S := 0.550in
bf.S := 5.64in
h
t
w.S = 0.588
<
1.7
Lb
bf.S
3
Cr tw.S tf.S
Rn :=
0.4
2
h
Rn
h
t w.S
Lb
bf.S
= 21.32kips
= 12.114kips
Max_Wheel_Load := 11.60kips
Rn
if Max_Wheel_Load <
, "OK" , "**NG**"
= "OK"
Structural Engineering
Guideline 000.215.1257
Date 05 Nov 2008
Attachment 01 - Page 10 of 10
Features
Spherical bearings allow girder end rotation, longitudinal and vertical movement without
stressing tie back linkage.
Structural Engineering
Guideline 000.215.1257
Date 05 Nov 2008
Attachment 02 Page 1 of 10
= 4.0 K
= 4.3 K
= 1.075 K
Total Vertical
= 5.375 K
= 0.86 K
= 0.43 K
Cantilever Length
Px.total := 5.375kips
Py.lat := 0.86kips
M x.cant := Px.total L = 5.375 ft kips
M y.cant := Py.lat L = 0.86 ft kips
Vx.cant := Px.total = 5.375kips
Vy.cant := Py.lat = 0.86kips
Structural Engineering
Guideline 000.215.1257
Date 05 Nov 2008
Attachment 02 Page 2 of 10
L
600
L
400
= 0.02 in
= 0.03 in
E := 29000ksi
a := 1ft
Px.total a
l := 16ft
2
4
Ix.reqd :=
( l + a) = 90.7 in
3 E x.max
Py.lat a
2
4
Iy.reqd :=
( l + a) = 9.7 in
3 E y.max
M x.simple := Px.total
M y.simple := Py.lat
Px.total
Vx.simple :=
Py.lat
2
= 16.125ft
kips
= 2.58 ft kips
= 2.688kips
Vy.simple :=
= 0.43kips
x.max:=
600
y.max :=
400
E := 29000ksi
= 0.24 in
= 0.36 in
a := 1ft
l := 16ft
Px.total L
Ix.reqd :=
= 48 in
48 E x.max
3
Py.lat L
Iy.reqd :=
= 5.1 in
48 E y.max
Structural Engineering
Guideline 000.215.1257
Date 05 Nov 2008
Attachment 02 Page 3 of 10
Try S12x31.8
A992 Steel
Fy := 50ksi
d := 12.0in
A := 9.31in
Ix := 217in
tw := 0.350in
bf := 5.00in
rx := 4.83in
Zx := 41.8in
ry := 1.00in
Zy := 6.44in
Cw := 306in
Sx := 36.2in
Iy := 9.33in
Sy := 3.73in
rts := 1.21in
ho := 11.5in
tf := 0.544in
Gage := 3in
3
3
J := 0.878in
ho := 11.5in
Torsional Properties {Taken from AISC LRFD Steel Construction Manual 3rd ed.}
a :=
E Cw
W no := 14.3in
a := 30.0in
G J
3
W ns := W no = 14.3in
Sw := 9.74in
Qf := 7.24in
Qw := 20.8in
Cb := 1.0
Lb := 5ft
M a.x.cant := 120ft kips
M x.cant
M a.x.cant
= 0.045
:= 1.67
M n.y.cant
Mx.cant
if
M a.x.cant
M y.cant
M a.y.cant
+
M y.cant
= 14.89 ft kips
M a.y.cant
= 0.058
= 0.103
M y.cant
M a.y.cant
= "OK"
Structural Engineering
Guideline 000.215.1257
Date 05 Nov 2008
Attachment 02 Page 4 of 10
M x.simple
M a.x.simple
= 0.322
Mx.simple
if
Ma.x.simple
M n.y.cant
M y.simple
M a.y.simple
M y.simple
= 14.89 ft kips
M a.y.simple
= 0.173
= 0.495
M y.simple
M a.y.simple
= "OK"
T := Py.lat
L := 5ft
L
a
d
2
a :=
Fy
= 29.94 ksi
= 0.43 ft kips
a :=
0.6 Fy
= 17.96 ksi
Applied Torsion
=2
From AISC Steel Design Guide 9: Torsional Analysis of Structural Steel Member
Appendix B, Case 9, =1.0.
G:=11200ksi
Structural Engineering
Guideline 000.215.1257
Date 05 Nov 2008
Attachment 02 Page 5 of 10
At connection
G J 1 = 63.525
T a
z_0 :=
G J = 1.906 103 in
T
'z_0 :=
2
G J 5 a = 285860in
''z_0 :=
3
G J a2 = 1715163in
G J 1
T a
0
G J
T
= 0 rad
z_1.0 :=
'z_1.0 :=
= 0
4.8
G J
5 a
T
'''z_0 :=
At free end
G J a2
in
= 0.000017
1.0
G J 1
T a
''z_1.0 :=
in
= 0
'''z_1.0 :=
in
0.745
G J
T
= 0.016 rad
= 0.00039
= 0
G J
5 a
T
0.265
G J a2
in
1
2
in
= 0.00000015
At free end
ws_z_1 := E W ns ''z_1.0 = 0 ksi
M x.cant
Sx
= 1.782 ksi
At free end
b.x_z_1.0:= 0ksi
At free end
b.y_z_1.0 := 0ksi
<
a = 29.94 ksi
*OK*
in
At connection
Structural Engineering
Guideline 000.215.1257
Date 05 Nov 2008
Attachment 02 Page 6 of 10
At free end
Vx.cant Qw
Ix t w
At free end
= 1.472 ksi
bw_z_1.0 := 0ksi
a = 17.964ksi
<
*OK*
Section Rotation
At connection
z_0 = 0 degrees
At free end
z_1.0 = 0.902 degrees
At free end
t.z_1.0 := G t f 'z_1.0 = 2.382 ksi
E Sw '''z_0
tf
= 0 ksi
At free end
w.z_1.0 :=
E Sw '''z_1.0
tf
= 0.08 ksi
Vx.cant Qf
Ix t f
= 0.33 ksi
At free end
bf.x.z_1.0:= 0ksi
Structural Engineering
Guideline 000.215.1257
Date 05 Nov 2008
Attachment 02 Page 7 of 10
bf.y.z_0 :=
At free end
3 Vy.cant
= 0.237 ksi
2 2 t f b f
bf.y.z_1.0 := 0ksi
a = 17.964ksi
<
*OK*
L
a
= 4.8
At Support
G J 1 = 13.234
T L
z_0 :=
G J = 1.906 103 in
T
'z_0 :=
At free end
G J 1
T L
0.41
G J
= 0 rad
4 1
= 2.151 10
2
G J a = 57172in
''z_0 :=
3
G J a2 = 1715163in
'''z_0 :=
G J a
= 0
0.1
G J a2
0.14
z_0.5 :=
G J 1
T L
0
'z_0.5 :=
in
G J
''z_0.5 :=
in
= 0.00000006
1
3
in
'''z_0.5 :=
= 0.011 rad
= 0
0.5
G J a
1
in
= 0.00001
G J a2
1
2
in
= 0
1
3
in
Structural Engineering
Guideline 000.215.1257
Date 05 Nov 2008
Attachment 02 Page 8 of 10
At midspan
At supports
b.x_z_0.5 :=
b.x_z_0 := 0ksi
M x.simple
Sx
= 5.345 ksi
At midspan
b.y_z_0.5 :=
b.y_z_0 := 0ksi
M y.simple
Sy
= 8.3 10 psi
<
a = 29.94 ksi
*OK*
At midspan
Vx.simple Qw
Ix t w
At midspan
= 0.736 ksi
bw_z_0.5 := 0ksi
<
a = 17.964ksi
*OK*
Structural Engineering
Guideline 000.215.1257
Date 05 Nov 2008
Attachment 02 Page 9 of 10
Section Rotation
At midspan
At supports
z_0 = 0 degrees
At supports
t.z_0 := G t f 'z_0 = 1.311 ksi
At supports
w.z_0 :=
E Sw '''z_0
tf
= 0.03 ksi
w.z_0.5 :=
E Sw '''z_0.5
tf
= 0 ksi
Vx.simple Qf
Ix t f
At midspan
= 0.165 ksi
bf.x.z_0.5:= 0ksi
bf.y.z_0 :=
3 Vy.simple
= 0.119 ksi
2 2 t f b f
At midspan
bf.y.z_0.5 := 0ksi
<
a = 17.964ksi
*OK*
Structural Engineering
Guideline 000.215.1257
Date 05 Nov 2008
Attachment 02 Page 10 of 10
Fyf := Fy = 50 ksi
2
Rn
Px.total
= 55.377kips
>
= 2.7 kips
Note: The connection has not been designed but simply serves as a guideline.
Structural Engineering