Professional Documents
Culture Documents
This slide deck is for LPI Academy instructors to use for lectures for LPI Academy courses.
Copyright Network Development Group 2013.
This slide deck is for LPI Academy instructors to use for lectures for LPI Academy courses.
Copyright Network Development Group 2013.
This slide deck is for LPI Academy instructors to use for lectures for LPI Academy courses.
Copyright Network Development Group 2013.
This slide deck is for LPI Academy instructors to use for lectures for LPI Academy courses.
Copyright Network Development Group 2013.
El archivo /etc/passwd
Cada lnea del archivo /etc/passwd hace
referencia a una cuenta de usuario.
Cada lnea divide los campos por dos puntos. Los
campos de izquierda a derecha son las siguientes:
Nombre: Posicin de la contrasea: IDusuario: IDgrupo principal:
Comentario: directorio de inicio: Shell
This slide deck is for LPI Academy instructors to use for lectures for LPI Academy courses.
Copyright Network Development Group 2013.
El archivo /etc/passwd
Campo
Ejemplo
Descripcin
nombre
root
contrasea marcador
de posicin
ID usuario
ID grupo principal
Comentario
root
directorio de inicio
/root
shell
/bin/bash
This slide deck is for LPI Academy instructors to use for lectures for LPI Academy courses.
Copyright Network Development Group 2013.
El archivo /etc/shadow
Contiene informacin de la cuenta relacionada con la
contrasea del usuario.
Los campos del archivo /etc/shadow :
Nombre:Contrasea:lastchange:min:max:warm:inactivo:
expire:reservado
This slide deck is for LPI Academy instructors to use for lectures for LPI Academy courses.
Copyright Network Development Group 2013.
El archivo /etc/shadow
Campo
Ejemplo
Descripcin
name
sysadmin
password
$ 6 $ .........
rl1
last change
15020
min
max
30
warn
inactive
60
expire
15050
This slide deck is for LPI Academy instructors to use for lectures for LPI Academy courses.
Copyright Network Development Group 2013.
This slide deck is for LPI Academy instructors to use for lectures for LPI Academy courses.
Copyright Network Development Group 2013.
Informacin de la cuenta
Para ver la informacin de la cuenta del usuario
"sysadmin", utilice el comando grep sysadmin
/etc/passwd:
O el comando getent:
This slide deck is for LPI Academy instructors to use for lectures for LPI Academy courses.
Copyright Network Development Group 2013.
This slide deck is for LPI Academy instructors to use for lectures for LPI Academy courses.
Copyright Network Development Group 2013.
This slide deck is for LPI Academy instructors to use for lectures for LPI Academy courses.
Copyright Network Development Group 2013.
This slide deck is for LPI Academy instructors to use for lectures for LPI Academy courses.
Copyright Network Development Group 2013.
Cuentas de grupo
Cada usuario puede ser un miembro de uno o ms
grupos.
El archivo /etc/passwd indica el grupo principal al
que pertenece un usuario.
La pertenencia a un grupo suplementario se define
en el archivo /etc/group
Tambin se pueden utilizar los comando grep o
getent para mostrar informacin del grupo.
This slide deck is for LPI Academy instructors to use for lectures for LPI Academy courses.
Copyright Network Development Group 2013.
El archivo /etc/group
Cada grupo est definido en este archivo.
Cada entrada tiene los siguientes campos
nombre_grupo: password_placeholder: GID: lista_usuarios
Campo
Ejemplo
Descripcin
nombre_grupo
password_placeholder
GID
12
lista_usuarios
mail,postfix
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Copyright Network Development Group 2013.
Cambiar de grupo
Cree un archivo que pertenece a uno de sus grupos
secundarios utilizando:
newgrp group_name
Abre un nuevo shell con el nuevo grupo primario.
Use el comando id para verificar el nuevo grupo
primario.
Use el comando exit para volver al shell anterior.
Puede ser desactivada debido a las contraseas de
grupo.
This slide deck is for LPI Academy instructors to use for lectures for LPI Academy courses.
Copyright Network Development Group 2013.
This slide deck is for LPI Academy instructors to use for lectures for LPI Academy courses.
Copyright Network Development Group 2013.
This slide deck is for LPI Academy instructors to use for lectures for LPI Academy courses.
Copyright Network Development Group 2013.
This slide deck is for LPI Academy instructors to use for lectures for LPI Academy courses.
Copyright Network Development Group 2013.
Usando el comando su
El comando su abre un nuevo shell con otro usuario (Cambios
de UID, pero no asume todo entorno)
Ejemplo: su usuario1
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Copyright Network Development Group 2013.
El comando sudo
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Copyright Network Development Group 2013.
This slide deck is for LPI Academy instructors to use for lectures for LPI Academy courses.
Copyright Network Development Group 2013.
ALL
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Copyright Network Development Group 2013.
This slide deck is for LPI Academy instructors to use for lectures for LPI Academy courses.
Copyright Network Development Group 2013.
Ejemplo
Descripcin
username
root
terminal
tty2
date
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Copyright Network Development Group 2013.
Usando el comando w
Muestra informacin detallada del usuario y del
sistema:
[Sysadmin @ localhost ~] $ w
10:44:03 hasta 50 min, 4 usuarios, carga media: 0,78, 0,44, 0,19
TTY USUARIO DE INGRESAR inactividad JCPU PCPU QU
raz tty2 - 10:00 43:44 0.01s 0.01s -bash
tty1 sysadmin: 0 09:58 50:02 5.68s 0.16s Identificacin
sysadmin pts / 0: 0,0 9:59 0.00s 0.14s 0.13s que
sysadmin pts / 1 example.com 10:00 0.00s 0.03s 0.01s w
This slide deck is for LPI Academy instructors to use for lectures for LPI Academy courses.
Copyright Network Development Group 2013.
Ejemplo
Descripcin
USER
root
TTY
tty2
FROM
example.com
LOGIN@
10:00
IDLE
43:44
JCPU
0.01s
PCPU
0.01s
WHAT
-bash
This slide deck is for LPI Academy instructors to use for lectures for LPI Academy courses.
Copyright Network Development Group 2013.
Mdulo 14
Gestin de usuarios y grupos
This slide deck is for LPI Academy instructors to use for lectures for LPI Academy courses.
Copyright Network Development Group 2013.
This slide deck is for LPI Academy instructors to use for lectures for LPI Academy courses.
Copyright Network Development Group 2013.
This slide deck is for LPI Academy instructors to use for lectures for LPI Academy courses.
Copyright Network Development Group 2013.
Crear un grupo
La razn ms comn para crear un grupo es
proporcionar la manera para que los usuarios
puedan compartir archivos.
Despus de crear o modificar un grupo, puede
controlar los cambios en el archivo /etc/group o
ejecutar el comando getent.
This slide deck is for LPI Academy instructors to use for lectures for LPI Academy courses.
Copyright Network Development Group 2013.
El comando groupadd
El comando groupadd crea un nuevo grupo.
La opcin -g permite especificar un ID de grupo:
groupadd -g 506 research
Si no se proporciona la opcin -g, el comando
groupadd proporcionar automticamente un GID
para el nuevo grupo.
This slide deck is for LPI Academy instructors to use for lectures for LPI Academy courses.
Copyright Network Development Group 2013.
Consideraciones ID de grupo
Evitar la creacin de GID en los mismos rangos
numricos donde se esperan identificadores que el
sistema utiliza para UPG.
Los GIDs menores de 500 estn reservados para usos
del sistema.
La opcin -r asignar un nuevo GID menor que el
UID estndar ms bajo.
This slide deck is for LPI Academy instructors to use for lectures for LPI Academy courses.
Copyright Network Development Group 2013.
Modificar un grupo
Eliminar un grupo
This slide deck is for LPI Academy instructors to use for lectures for LPI Academy courses.
Copyright Network Development Group 2013.
This slide deck is for LPI Academy instructors to use for lectures for LPI Academy courses.
Copyright Network Development Group 2013.
El archivo /etc/default/useradd
This slide deck is for LPI Academy instructors to use for lectures for LPI Academy courses.
Copyright Network Development Group 2013.
El archivo /etc/default/useradd
Campo
Ejemplo
Descripcin
GROUP
100
HOME
/home
INACTIVE
-1
EXPIRE
SHELL
/bin/bash
SKEL
/etc/skel
CREATE_MAIL_SPOOL
yes
This slide deck is for LPI Academy instructors to use for lectures for LPI Academy courses.
Copyright Network Development Group 2013.
El archivo /etc/login.defs
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Copyright Network Development Group 2013.
El Archivo /etc/login.defs
Campo
Ejemplo
Descripcin
MAIL_DIR
/Var/mail/spool
PASS_MAX_DAYS
99999
PASS_MIN_DAYS
PASS_MIN_LEN
PASS_WARN_AGE
UID_MIN
500
UID_MAX
60000
GID _MIN
500
GID _MAX
60000
CREATE_HOME
UMASK
077
This slide deck is for LPI Academy instructors to use for lectures for LPI Academy courses.
Copyright Network Development Group 2013.
This slide deck is for LPI Academy instructors to use for lectures for LPI Academy courses.
Copyright Network Development Group 2013.
This slide deck is for LPI Academy instructors to use for lectures for LPI Academy courses.
Copyright Network Development Group 2013.
Consideraciones de cuenta
Nombre de usuario
UID
Grupo Primario
Grupo suplementario (s)
Directorio principal (home)
Directorio Esqueleto
Shell
Comentario
This slide deck is for LPI Academy instructors to use for lectures for LPI Academy courses.
Copyright Network Development Group 2013.
El comando useradd
El comando useradd permite crear nuevos usuarios.
Ejemplo:
useradd -u 1000 -c 'Jane Doe' jane
This slide deck is for LPI Academy instructors to use for lectures for LPI Academy courses.
Copyright Network Development Group 2013.
This slide deck is for LPI Academy instructors to use for lectures for LPI Academy courses.
Copyright Network Development Group 2013.
Configurar contraseas
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Copyright Network Development Group 2013.
El comando chage
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Copyright Network Development Group 2013.
Opcin Largo
Descripcin
-l
--list
-d LAST_DAY
--lastday LAST_DAY
-E EXPIRE_DATE
--expiredate EXPIRE_DATE
-h
--help
-I INACTIVE
--inactive INACTIVE
-m MIN_DAYS
--mindays MIN_DAYS
-M MAX_DAYS
--maxdays MAX_DAYS
-W WARN_DAYS
--warndays WARN_DAYS
This slide deck is for LPI Academy instructors to use for lectures for LPI Academy courses.
Copyright Network Development Group 2013.
This slide deck is for LPI Academy instructors to use for lectures for LPI Academy courses.
Copyright Network Development Group 2013.
Modificar un usuario
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Copyright Network Development Group 2013.
El Comando usermod
Se utiliza para modificar una cuenta de usuario.
Opcin
Descripcin
-c COMMENT
-d HOME_DIR
-e EXPIRE_DATE
-f INACTIVE
-g GROUP
-G GROUPS
-a
-h
-l NEW_LOGIN
-L
-s SHELL
-u NEW_UID
-U
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Copyright Network Development Group 2013.
Eliminar un usuario
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Copyright Network Development Group 2013.
Eliminar un usuario
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Copyright Network Development Group 2013.
Sergi Pons
Ismael Fanlo
This slide deck is for LPI Academy instructors to use for lectures for LPI Academy courses.
Copyright Network Development Group 2013.