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Metal Building Systems Manual

I. Load Application

1.3.2 Roof Live Load Example


This example demonstrates calculations for a typical roof live load for a
given building.
A. Given:
Building Length: 100 feet
Bay Spacing: 5 bays @ 20'-0"
Frame Type: 4 spans @ 25'-0" multi-span rigid frame
Roof Slope: 1:12
Purlin Spacing: 5'-0"
B. Purlins:
Tributary Loaded Area = 5' 20' = 100 sq. ft.
Uniform Roof Live Load = 20 5' = 100 plf.
1.) Alternate Span Loading:
Case 1:
100 plf

100 plf

100 plf

End

Interior

End

Case 2:
100 plf

100 plf

Interior

End

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Metal Building Systems Manual

2.) Adjacent Span Loading:


Case 1:
100 plf

End

Interior

End

Interior

End

Case 2:
100 plf

End

Case 3:
100 plf

End

Interior

End

Case 4:
100 plf

End

Interior

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Metal Building Systems Manual

I. Load Application

C. Frames:
Tributary Loaded Area = 25' 20' = 500 sq. ft. < 600 sq. ft.
Roof Live Load from Table 1.3(a) = 20 (1.2 - 0.001 500) = 14 psf
Uniform Roof Live Load = 14 20' = 280 plf.
2.) Alternate Span Loading:
Case 1:
280 plf

280 plf

Interior

End

End

Case 2:
280 plf

End

280 plf

Interior

End

Interior

End

2.) Adjacent Span Loading:


Case 1:
280 plf

End

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Metal Building Systems Manual

Case 2:
280 plf

End

Interior

End

Case 3:
280 plf

End

Interior

End

1.3.3 Minimum Roof Live Loads


Minimum roof live loads are specified in IBC 2000, Section 1607.11.2. Note
that Table 1.3(a), in this Manual, provides a summary of the specified roof
live loads in a format that is more easily programmed.
Section 1607.11.2.5 specifies a minimum live load on overhanging eaves as
follows:
Overhanging Eaves In other than occupancies in Group R-3 (single
family or duplex residences), and except where the overhang framing is a
continuation of the roof framing, overhanging eaves, cornices and other
roof projections shall be designed for a minimum uniformly distributed
live load of 60 psf. Note that this provision in IBC 2000 was deleted as
part of the 2000 ICC Code Development Cycle because it is redundant
with ASCE 7-98, Section 7.4.5, summarized in Section 1.5.6 of this
Manual for Ice Dams and Icicles Along Eaves.

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Metal Building Systems Manual

I. Load Application

Table 1.3(a)
Roof Live Loads
Roof Slope,
F:12

Tributary Loaded Area (At) in Square Feet for any


Structural Member
At 200

200 < At < 600

At 600

F4

20

20(1.2-0.001At)

12

4 < F < 12

20(1.2-0.05F)

20(1.2-0.001At)(1.2-0.05F) 12

12

F 12

12

12

12

1.4 Wind Loads


In this section, the wind load requirements of IBC 2000 are summarized and
examples are provided for the application of wind loads on metal buildings. IBC
2000, Section 1609.1.1, requires wind loads to be determined using the provisions of
ASCE 7-98, Section 6. Alternately, simplified provisions in Section 1609.6 may be
used provided the building meets the criteria used to derive the simplified provisions
from ASCE 7-98. For this Manual, the simplified provisions are too restrictive with
regard to building configurations, so the provisions of ASCE 7-98 are provided in a
form more easily applied to a wider variety of buildings and roof types.
ASCE 7-98 specifies three methods for determining wind loads, (1) Simplified
Procedure, (2) Analytical Procedure, or (3) Wind Tunnel Procedure. The simplified
procedure in ASCE 7-98 is more restrictive than the simplified procedure in IBC
2000, therefore, the procedures provided in this Manual comply with the analytical
procedure.
The procedures summarized in this section are applicable to buildings with gable
roofs up to 45, single sloped roofs up to 30, stepped roofs, multispan gable roofs,
and sawtooth roofs. The mean roof height is assumed not to exceed 60 feet and the
eave heights must be less than or equal to the building least horizontal dimension.
Velocity pressure tables are provided for Exposures B and C. The procedures are
intended for completed buildings and may not be appropriate for structures during
erection. For any other conditions, refer to ASCE 7-98.
This summary of ASCE 7-98 wind loads also assumes that the building is not subject
to topographic effects as defined in ASCE 7-98. It is pointed out in the design
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Metal Building Systems Manual

procedure where a modification would be applied, but the user is referred to ASCE
7-98 for the determination of the appropriate factor.
The minimum design load for the main wind force resisting system is stipulated in
Section 6.1.4.1 of ASCE 7-98 as follows:
The wind load to be used in the design of the main wind force resisting system
for an enclosed or partially enclosed building or other structure shall not be
less than 10 psf multiplied by the area of the building or projected onto a
vertical plane normal to the assumed wind direction. The design wind force for
open buildings shall not be less than 10 psf multiplied by the area Af.
The minimum design load for components and cladding is stipulated in Section
6.1.4.2 of ASCE 7-98 as follows:
The design wind pressure for components and cladding of buildings shall be not
less than a net pressure of 10 psf acting in either direction normal to the
surface.
1.4.1 Velocity Pressure
The velocity pressure, qh, used to compute the design wind pressures is
calculated according to the following procedure:
1. Select Basic Wind Speed, V, for building location (See ASCE 7-98,
Figure 6-1 or IBC 2000, Figure 1609). [Note: See Section IX of this
Manual for a county listing of the basic wind speed.]
2. Select Importance Factor, Iw (See Table 1.1a)
3. Select Exposure Category (A, B, C, or D - See Definitions, Section
1.4.4)
4. Compute the Velocity Pressure, qh, based on the mean roof height (or
eave height if 10). See Table 1.4.1(a) and 1.4.1(b) for tabulated
values of qh for Exposure B and C, respectively.

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I. Load Application

1.4.2 Design Pressure Main Wind Force Resisting System


The design wind pressure used for the main wind force resisting system
(MWFRS) is computed as follows:
Select the Enclosure Classification (Enclosed, Partially Enclosed, or Open
- See Definitions, Section 1.4.4)
Select the appropriate External Pressure Coefficient GCpf from Figure 6-4
in ASCE 7-98, and the appropriate Internal Pressure Coefficient GCpi from
Table 6-7 in ASCE 7-98. Alternately, Tables 1.4.5(a) and 1.4.5(b) in this
Manual provide combined external and internal pressure coefficients,
[(GCpf) - (GCpi)].
Compute the design pressure using the following equation:
p = qh[(GCpf) - (GCpi)]

(Eq. 1.4.2)

where,
p
= Design wind pressure in pounds per square foot (psf).
qh = Velocity pressure in pounds per square foot (psf).
GCpf = External pressure coefficient from Figure 6-4, ASCE
7-98.
GCpi = Internal pressure coefficient from Table 6-7, ASCE 798
1.4.3 Design Pressure Components and Cladding
The design wind pressure used for components and cladding is computed as
follows:
Select the appropriate External Pressure Coefficient GCp from Figures 6-5
through 6-7 in ASCE 7-98, and the appropriate Internal Pressure
Coefficient GCpi from Table 6-7 in ASCE 7-98. Alternately, Tables
1.4.6(a) through 1.4.6(h) in this Manual provide convenient equations for
the combined external and internal pressure coefficients, [(GCp) - (GCpi)].
Compute the design pressure using the following equation:
p = qh[(GCp) - (GCpi)]

(Eq. 1.4.3)

where,
p
= Design wind pressure in pounds per square foot (psf).
qh = Velocity pressure in pounds per square foot (psf).
GCp = External pressure coefficient from Figures 6-5
through 6-7, ASCE 7-98.
GCpi = Internal pressure coefficient from Table 6-7, ASCE 798
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