Percentage

To change a fraction to a percent, find its decimal form, multiply by 100 and
add a percent sign.
Example: Express

3
8

as a percent.
3
8

Solution: to convert

to a decimal, divide 3 by 8; this gives us 0.375.

Multiplying 0.375 by 100 gives us 37.5%.

To change a percent to a fraction, drop the percent sign and divide the
number by 100.
Example: Express 17% as a fraction.
Solution: Dropping the % sign gives us 17, and dividing by 100 gives us
17
100 = 0.17.
Type 1:
Formula:
Verbal
What
Is
%
Of

Mathematical
P
=
1/100
X

What is 10% of 20% of 30% 4000?

Solution: P = 10

1
100

20

1
100

1
100

30

Practice
1. What is 3% of 5?
5
3
a) 3
b) 20

c)

2. 5 percent of 55?
a) .05
b) .25

c) .50

3
5

d)

3
200

d) .10

4000 = 24

3. What percent of 20 is 16?

a) 80% b) 65%
c) 45%
4. What is .05 percent of 6.5?
a) .13
b) .013
c) .325
5. If Y% of x = 29, then x = ?
29 x
29 y
a) 2900 b)
c)
y
x

d) 80
d) .00325
d)

2900
y

6. If bans point are defined so that 1 percent is equal to 100 bans points,
then 82.5 percent is how many bans points greater than 62.5 percent?
a) .02 b) .2
c) 200
d) 200
7. B and C are points on the straight line AD, on which AB = BC = CD. What
percent of AC = AD?
a) 50%
b) 66.67%
c) 133.33%
d) 150%
Type 2:
Formula:

F+ S+

FS
100

F = First Change, S = Second change

Example: The length and breadth of a room are decreased by 20% and 25%
respectively. What is the corresponding decrease in the floor area of the
room?
Solution: - 20 25 +

(20 ) (25)
100

= - 40

Example: If the each side of a square increases by 40%, then the area of the
square increased by?
Solution: 40 + 40 +

40 40
100

= 96

Example: The radius of a circle is decreased by 5%, then the is decreased by

Solution: - 5 5 +

(5 ) (5)
100

= - 9.75

Example: Successive discount of 10% and 20% is equal to single discount

- 10 20 +

(10 ) (20)
100

= - 28

Practice:
1. If the length of a rectangle is increases by 40% and the width is decreased
by 20% the area of the rectangle will increase by
a) 20% b) 12%
c) 8%
d) None
2. If the side of a square decreased by 20%, then its area decreased by what
percent?
a) - 36%
b) 44%
c) 40%
d) 36%
3. If each side of a square increased by 30%, then the area of the square
increases by
a) 350% b) 200%
c) 150%
d) 120%
4. If the area of the square increased by 44%, the side of the square is
increases by
a) 40%
b) 30%
c) 20%
d) 69%
5. The price of Sugar in 199 increased by 10% from in 1993. In 1995 the
price decreased by 5% from that in 1994. In 1995 what is the increase in
price with respect to price in 1993?
a) 4%
b) 4.5%
c) 5%
d) 5.5%
6. In the DSE, the price of Bata Share rose 30% yesterday and fell 20%
today. What is the total rise on fall in percentage?
a) 10% rise
b) 4% fall
c) 4%
d) 10% fall

Type 3: Mix %
If 50% of the workers are graduates and of them 20% male, what percent of
the workers are male and graduate?
Formula: Mix % =

F S
100

50 20
100

= 10

Practice
1. In a certain class 40% of the students are girls and 20% of the girls wear
glasses. What percent of students in the class are girls who wear glasses?
a) 6% b) 8%
c) 20%
d) 16%

Type 4: % & Dual with given number

Q:

A class of 10 girls and 20 boys arranged a picnic. However, only 15% of

the girls and 30% of the boys attended the picnic. What percent of the
class attended the picnic?

Formula:

f F+ S s
f +s

10 15+ 20 30
10+ 20

= 25

Practice
1. In a class of 80 Students, 25% are girls. If 10% of the boys and 20% of the
girls attended a picnic, what percent of the class did attend?
a) 10%
b) 12%
c) 12.5%
d) 120%

Type 5: % & Consumption change

Q:
Price of paper has increased by 40%. How much paper usage must be
curtailed so that expenditure for paper remain the same?
Formula:

100 r
100+r

100 40
100+40

= 28.57%

Q:
Price of paper has decreased by 40%. How much paper usage must be
increased so that expenditure for paper remain the same?
Formula:

100 r
100r

100 40
10040

= 66.67%

Practices
1. The length of a rectangle is increased by 50%. By what percent would the
width have to be decreased to maintain the same area?
a) 33.33%
b) 45%
c) 50%
d) 66.67%
2. Price of paper has decreased by 30%. How much paper usage must be
enhanced sot that expenditure for paper remain the same:
a) 28.57%
b) 23.33%
c) 24.33%
d) None
3. The price of the sugar has increased by 60%. In order to restore the
original price, the new price must be reduced by
a) 33.33%
b) 35%
c) 37.5%
d) 60%

Type 6:

The price of a newspaper rises from Tk. 10 to Tk. 20. What is the percent
increase in price?
Formula: % Change

New Original
100
Original

2010
100
10

= 100%

Practices
1. If the price of a good increased from Tk. 30 to Tk. 42, find the percentage
increase in the price?
a) 12%
b) 20%
c) 40%
d) 45%
2. If the value of XYZ company stock drops from 25 per share to 21 per
shares; what is the percent of the decrease?
a) 4
b) 8
c) 12
d) 16

Miscellaneous Problems:
Class Practice:
1. As salary is 125% of Bs salary. Cs salary is 80% of Bs Salary. The total of
all three salaries is 61000. What is Cs Salary?
a) $15,000
b) $16,000
c) $ 17,000 d) $18,000
2. If 8% tax on a sale amount to 96 paisa, what is the final price of the item?
a) 1.20 b) 2.60
c) 12.96
d) 6.36
3. Among the 100 students in a business school, 50% enrolled in a
marketing course, of the enrolled students, 90% took the final exam. Twothird of the students who took the final exam passed it. How many
students failed in the exam?
a) 5
b) 10
c) 15
d) 30
4. A Salesman gets a salary of Tk. 4500 per month plus 1.25% commission
on the sales Tk. Amount he achieves in the month. How much sales, in
Lakh Tk., he has to achieve in a month in order to get a total income of
Tk. 7500 including his salary in the month?
a) 3
b) 3.6
c) 2.4
d) 5.6
5. A student first reduced a number by 20% and then increased it again by
20%. If the difference between the last number and the original number is
8, then the original number was?
a) 200 b) 250
c) 300
d) 450
6. The price of a shirt increases from Tk. 350 to Tk. 700, the old price is what
percent of the new price?
a) 60%
b) 50%
c) 75%
d) 200%
7. If a jar contains 16 black marbles and 24 red marbles, what percent of all
marbles in the jar are red?

a) 33.33%
b) 40%
c) 60%
1
8. 8 3 % expressed as a fraction is:
a)

25
3

b)

3
25

c)

1
12

9. 0.025 in terms of rate percent is:

a) 25
b) 2.5
c) 0.25
10. What % of 250+ 25% of 68 = 67?
a) 10
b) 15
c) 20 d) 25

d) 66.66%

d)
d) 37

Home Assignment
1. If 8% of x = 4% of y, then 20% of x is:
a) 10% of y
b) 16% of y
c) 80% of y d) None of these
2. If 37 % of a number is 900, then 62% of the number is:
a) 1200
b) 1350
c) 1500
d) 540
3. Subtracting 6% of x from x is equivalent to multiplying x by how much?
a) 0.94 b) 9.4
c) 0.094
d) 94
4. The price of an article is cut by 10%. To restore it to the former value, the
new price must be increased by:
1
1
a) 10
b) 9 11
c) 11 9
d) 11
5. After deducting a commission of 5% a T.V. set costs Tk. 9595. Its gross
value is:
a) 10000
b) 10074.75
c) 10100
d) None
6. In an examination 65% of the total examinees passed. If the number of
failures is 420, the total number of examinees is:
a) 567 b) 693
c) 1000
d) 1200
7. If As salary is 30% more than Bs, then how much percent is Bs salary
less than As?
1
1
a) 30
b) 25
c) 23 13 d) 33 3
8. If 75% of a number is added to 75, the result is the number itself. Then,
the number is:
a) 400 b) 30 0
c) 60
d) 50
9. Subtracting 40% of a number from the number, we got the result as 30.
The number is:
a) 28
b) 50
c) 52
d) 70
10. A student has to ensure 40% marks to pass. He gets 178 marks and
fails by 22 marks. The maximum marks are:
a) 200 b) 500
c) 800
d) 1000