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The following terms are critical in describing and understanding forging processes. In addition, many of them are of
general use in understanding design and processing:
Blocker
Preform die or impression, used when part cannot be made in a single operation.
Bottom Die
Cavity
Draft
The taper on a vertical surface to facilitate the removal of the forging from the die or
punch.
Fillet
A curved inside corner to increase the strength of an object at the corner and to improve
appearance. Also important as it increases forging die life.
Flash
The excess metal that flows out between the upper and lower dies which is required to
accomplish a desired forging shape.
The line where the flash occurs.
Flash Line
Forging
The production of semi-finished forms from wrought metal blanks hot or cold in closed
dies by a sudden, sharp impact. See "Hammer Forging" and "Hot Press Forging".
Gutter
A slight depression surrounding the cavity in the die to relieve pressure and control flash
flow.
Hammer Forging
Hardness
Heat Treatment
A combination of heating and cooling operations, applied to a metal or alloy in the
solid state to produce desired properties, usually from a change in crystal grain size and
structure.
Hot Press Forging
A method of forming parts by pressing a heated slug, cut from wrought material, in
a closed-impression die.
Lubricate
Swabbing or spraying the dies with lubricant to assist in initial flow and to facilitate
ejection of the forging.
Mismatch
Parting Line
The line where the dies come together and the flash is removed.
Shrinkage
Sink
Slug
The blank, cut from wrought material, from which a forging is made, see "BILLET".
Tolerance
Tumbling
Web
The thin section of metal remaining at bottom of a cavity or depression in a forging. The
web may be removed by piercing or machining.