Stats 333 NJIT

Week #7 Homework Answers

9-59 a) n 1 or 9 degrees of freedom
b) StDev = 10 * .296 = .936 t = 1.9255
at = .05 results are not significant.

p = .089

c) Two sided test.

d) 12.564 2.262 * .296 = (11.89, 13.23)
e)

12.56412
.296

= 1.905, at = .05 the critical t value is

1.833 so still reject H0

f) Yes because 11.5 is not in the range of the C.I.
9-62b)
Probability Plot of 9-62
Normal - 95% CI
Mean
StDev
N
AD
P-Value

Score

-1

-2
21.0

21.5

22.0

22.5

23.0

9-62

23.5

24.0

22.50
0.3783
5
0.220
0.669

One-Sample T: 9-62 a and e

Test of = 22.5 vs 22.5
Variable
P
9-62
0.982

Mean

StDev

SE Mean

22.496

0.378

0.169

95% CI
(22.026, 22.966)

T
-0.02

Confidence interval includes the 22.5, so failure to reject the null

hypothesis not equal
Power 9-62 c
1-Sample t Test
Testing mean = null (versus null)
Calculating power for mean = null + difference
= 0.05
Assumed standard deviation = 0.378

Difference
0.25

Sample
Size
5

Power
0.208794

Sample Size 9-62 d

1-Sample t Test
Testing mean = null (versus null)
Calculating power for mean = null + difference
= 0.05
Assumed standard deviation = 0.378

Difference
0.25

Sample
Size
27

Target
Power
0.9

Actual Power
0.911040

9-63 b)
Probability Plot of 9-63
Normal - 95% CI
Mean
StDev
N
AD
P-Value

Score

98.26
0.4821
25
0.238
0.759

-1

-2
97.0

97.5

98.0

98.5

99.0

99.5

100.0

9-63

One-Sample T: 9-63 a & e

Test of = 98.6 vs 98.6
Variable
9-63

N
25

Mean
98.2640

StDev
0.4821

SE Mean
0.0964

95% CI
(98.0650, 98.4630)

T
-3.48

P
0.002

e) Since 98.6 is outside the confidence interval the results reject the
null hypothesis that the mean female temperature is 98.6
Power and Sample Size 9-63 c
1-Sample t Test
Testing mean = null (versus null)
Calculating power for mean = null + difference
= 0.05
Assumed standard deviation = 0.4821

Difference
-0.6

Sample
Size
25

Power
0.999968

Sample Size 9-63 d

1-Sample t Test
Testing mean = null (versus null)
Calculating power for mean = null + difference
= 0.05
Assumed standard deviation = 0.4821

Difference
-0.4
9-64 b

Sample
Size
18

Target
Power
0.9

Actual Power
0.912347

Probability Plot of 9-64

Normal - 98% CI
Mean
StDev
N
AD
P-Value

Score

26.03
4.785
20
0.214
0.827

-1

-2
10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

9-64

Notice I used a 98% confidence interval since = .01

one sided test.
One-Sample T: 9-64 a & e

and is a

Test of = 25 vs > 25
Variable
9-64

N
20

Mean
26.03

StDev
4.78

SE Mean
1.07

99% Lower Bound

23.32

T
0.97

P
0.173

Since the hypothesized mean of 25 is greater than the lower bound, we fail to
reject the null hypothesis of = 25.

Power with sample size 20 9-64 c

1-Sample t Test
Testing mean = null (versus > null)
Calculating power for mean = null + difference
= 0.01
Assumed standard deviation = 4.78

Difference
2

Sample
Size
20

Power
0.278664

Power > .9 and Sample Size 9-64d

1-Sample t Test
Testing mean = null (versus > null)
Calculating power for mean = null + difference
= 0.01 Assumed standard deviation = 4.78

Difference
2.5
9-65 b

Sample
Size
51

Target
Power
0.9

Actual Power
0.904325

Probability Plot of 9-65

Normal - 95% CI
Mean
129.7
StDev 0.8764
N
20
AD
0.250
P-Value 0.710

Score

-1

-2
127

128

129

130

131

132

133

9-65

One-Sample T: 9-65 a & e

Test of = 130 vs 130
Variable
9-65

N
20

Mean
129.747

StDev
0.876

SE Mean
0.196

95% CI
(129.337, 130.157)

T
-1.29

P
0.212

Confidence interval includes the hypothesized mean, so results are

not significant and the weight of the boxes conforms to the
standards.
Power and Sample Size of 20 9-65c
1-Sample t Test
Testing mean = null (versus null)
Calculating power for mean = null + difference
= 0.05
Assumed standard deviation = 0.876

Difference
0.5

Sample
Size
20

Power
0.678000

Power > .75 and required Sample Size 9-65d

1-Sample t Test
Testing mean = null (versus null)
Calculating power for mean = null + difference
= 0.05
Assumed standard deviation = 0.876
Sample
Size
535

Difference
0.1

Target
Power
0.75

Actual Power
0.750388

9-90a) & b) two sided. Sample p = .356

P-value = .13964

z = -1.477

c)Yes, n * p and n * (1 p) > 5

9-91 a) one-sided test
b) Normal approximation since n * p and n * (1 p) > 5
c) Sample p = .574
. Upper bound = .61037.
z=
-1.1867. p = .118
d) 2 * p-value = .236
.63.60

9-100

a) z =

.63.371
500

= 1.389. P-value = .08235 Type

I error
b) first calculate the z value of .75 versus the critical
value of .63
.15+1.389 .75.25 /500
= 8.074 which gives you a of
.6.4 /500
approx. 0.
9-101 a) H0 = .10
H1 > .10
Z = .542, p-value = .294. Fail to reject the null
hypothesis at = .05
b) Calculate the , if in fact the p = .15
Power with given Sample Size of 85 for 9-101b
Test for One Proportion

Testing p = 0.1 (versus > 0.1)

= 0.05

Comparison p
0.15

Sample
Size
85

Power
0.463763

Beta = 1 - power. Beta = (1 - .4637) = .5363

c) Power > .90 required Sample Size 101-c

Test for One Proportion
Testing p = 0.1 (versus > 0.1)
= 0.05
Sample
Size
362

Comparison p
0.15

Target
Power
0.9

Actual Power
0.900124

10-6 a) Testing 1 = 2 versus 1 2

1824

Z =

9 9
+
20 20

= -6.324. p value approx. 0

b) -6 1.96 *

9 9
+
20 20

= (-7.859, -4.141). Since 0

is not included in the confidence interval, we say the

propellants are from different populations.
c) Using the formula for on page 378

2.5
{1.96 .94868
}

{.675 } {4.595 }=.25

d)

9+ 9

2
(1.961.28)2

1.96

= 3

2.5
.94868

10-7 a) z0 = 7.25 > 1.645 reject H0

b) 89.6 92.5 1.96 *

1.5 1.2
+
15 20

= (-3.684,

-2.116)
Which does not include 0.So therefore there is a
difference.
c)

1.96
1
so sample size of 11.

X 1

10-8 a)
Z0 =

750.2+756.87510
400 400
+
15
8

X 2

750.2

= 756.875

= -.3797

Since -1.28 < -.3797 the populations are not significantly

different.
P-value = .352
b) Confidence interval: -750.2 + 756.875 1.645 *

400 400
+
15
8

c)
(-7.73, 21.08), since the confidence interval does
include 10. The difference in the batch means is not
greater than 10.

10-9 a) 65.22 68.42 1.96 *

9 9
+
10 10

= (-5.83, -.5704).

65.2268.42

Z0 =

9 9
+
10 10

= -2.385. P-value = .0171

b) Since the difference in the mean values of the

catalysts are significant, the mean active concentrations
depend on the choice of catalyst.

c) =

{1.96

9 9
+
10 10

} -

{1.96

9 9
+
10 10

}=

{1.767 }{5.687 }

= .0386
So the power is 1 - .0386 = .9614
d) Since the power of the test > .9, the samples size
is sufficient
Normality seems reasonable.

10-50 Using Minitab:

Paired T-Test and CI: Table 10-50(1), Table 10-50(2)

Paired T for Table 10-50(1) - Table 10-50(2)
Table 10-50(1)
Table 10-50(2)
Difference

N
14
14
14

Mean
29.23
28.01
1.21

StDev
10.36
10.84
12.68

95% CI for mean difference: (-6.11, 8.54)

T-Test of mean difference = 0 (vs 0): T-Value = 0.36

SE Mean
2.77
2.90
3.39

P-Value = 0.726

Since the confidence interval includes 0, supports the pvalue of the paired t-test.
10

10-51 Graphing calculator:

Differences:
2607
3020
740
150
-805
560
390
285
t = 1.9039
p-value = .0986 Confidence Interval of 99%
= (-727.7, 2464.5)
Since Confidence interval includes 0, no preference of
brands.

10-52 using graphing calculator

Differences: Performing a t-test of the differences.
-1
2
2
3
-5
3
6
1
2
-1
11

-2
t = .779 p-value = .452
95% C.I. = (-1.217, 25502)
Since the confidence interval includes 0, there is no
preferable design language.
Paired T-Test and CI: 10-52
In Minitab:
C12
C13
Difference

N
12
12
12

Mean
17.92
17.25
0.667

StDev
3.63
4.59
2.964

SE Mean
1.05
1.33
0.856

95% CI for mean difference: (-1.217, 2.550)

T-Test of mean difference = 0 (vs 0): T-Value = 0.78

P-Value = 0.452

10-61
a) Paired t-test not appropriate as each group is
independent. You perform a 2 sample t-test.
Using graphing calculator: t = 3.357 p-value = .0035
P-value of .0035 < .01. Results are significant and nonconfined has higher brain wave activity than confined.

11-5 Using Minitab:

12

Scatterplot of Rating vs yds / att.

110

Rating

100

90

80

70

60
5.0

5.5

6.0

6.5

7.0

7.5

8.0

8.5

yds / att.

Regression Equation
Rating = 14.18 + 10.09 yds / att.

=
2

SS E
n2

= Error

30

819.50

27.32

Variance is the ratio of the sum of squared differences

from the prediction equation to n 2 degrees of freedom.
y
y i^

/(n 2)

b) 14.18 + 10.09 * 7.5 = 90.6

c)

-10.09

d)

10
10.09

e)

= .99

Fitted value of 7.21 = 14.18+10.09*7.21= 86.95

13

Residuals = 8.05 and 3.25, since there were two values of

7.21
Fits and Diagnostics for All Observations

Obs
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
R
X

Rating
105.50
97.40
96.90
96.20
95.00
93.80
92.70
91.40
90.20
89.40
87.70
87.50
87.00
86.40
86.40
86.00
85.40
84.70
84.30
81.70
81.00
80.00
80.20
80.10
79.60
77.10
76.00
73.70
72.60
71.40
70.00
66.50

Fit
98.86
91.59
91.49
94.72
86.95
90.18
95.02
91.49
86.95
86.44
94.21
85.84
78.07
82.41
83.42
88.36
87.05
94.32
78.87
82.51
81.30
84.22
79.28
85.23
78.67
80.59
76.86
86.54
78.17
76.55
65.85
71.81

Resid
6.64
5.81
5.41
1.48
8.05
3.62
-2.32
-0.09
3.25
2.96
-6.51
1.66
8.93
3.99
2.98
-2.36
-1.65
-9.62
5.43
-0.81
-0.30
-4.22
0.92
-5.13
0.93
-3.49
-0.86
-12.84
-5.57
-5.15
4.15
-5.31

Std Resid
1.38
1.15
1.07
0.30
1.57
0.71
-0.47
-0.02
0.63
0.58
-1.30
0.32
1.76
0.78
0.58
-0.46
-0.32
-1.92
1.07
-0.16
-0.06
-0.82
0.18
-1.00
0.18
-0.68
-0.17
-2.50
-1.10
-1.02
0.91
-1.09

Large residual
Unusual X

14

R
X

11-6 Regression Analysis: selling price/1000 versus taxes pd/1000

11-6
Analysis of Variance
Source
Regression
taxes pd/1000

DF
1
1

Error
Total

23

Adj SS
636.2
636.2

Adj MS
636.156
636.156

22

192.9

F-Value
72.56
72.56

P-Value
0.000
0.000

8.768 = 2

829.0

Model Summary
S
2.96104

R-sq
76.73%

R-sq(adj)
75.68%

R-sq(pred)
72.91%

Coefficients
Term
Constant
taxes pd/1000

Coef
13.32
3.324

SE Coef
2.57
0.390

T-Value
5.18
8.52

P-Value
0.000
0.000

VIF
1.00

Regression Equation

Selling price/1000 = 13.32 + 3.324 taxes pd/1000

Fits and Diagnostics for All Observations
Obs
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11

12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19

selling
price/1000
25.900
29.500
27.900
25.900
29.900
29.900
30.900
28.900
35.900
31.500
31.000

Fit
29.668
30.011
28.422
28.470
30.141
26.255
32.927
31.950
32.695
30.940
34.168

Resid
-3.768
-0.511
-0.522
-2.570
-0.241
3.645
-2.027
-3.050
3.205
0.560
-3.168

Std Resid
-1.33
-0.18
-0.19
-0.92
-0.08
1.34
-0.70
-1.06
1.11
0.20
-1.09
30.900 33.131 -2.231
-0.77
30.000 30.108 -0.108
-0.04
36.900 40.734 -3.834
-1.37
41.900 35.583
6.317
2.18 R
40.500 39.197
1.303
0.46
43.900 43.367
0.533
0.20
37.500 33.231
4.269
1.47
37.900 38.393 -0.493
-0.17

15

20
21
22
23
24

44.500
37.900
38.900
36.900
45.800
Y

42.558
33.543
41.114
40.381
43.710

Y^

1.942
4.357
-2.214
-3.481
2.090

0.71
1.50
-0.79
-1.23
0.78

Large residual

Scatterplot of FITS vs selling price/1000

45

FITS

40

35

30

25
25

30

35

40

45

selling price/1000

b) 13.32 + 3.324 * 7.50 = 38.25 thousands

c) fixed selling price is 30.9 * 1000 with a residual
of -2.231 * 1000 see highlighted #12 above.
d) See graph above. Obviously taxes paid is not the
only factor of sale price of a house. There are market
conditions such as interest rates and the general
economy as other factors, but taxes paid is a good
predictor of house sale price.

16

11-12 a) Yes
Scatterplot of y vs x
40

30

20

10

0
0.0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1.0

1.2

b) Regression Analysis: y versus x 11-12

Analysis of Variance
Source
Regression
x
Error
Lack-of-Fit
Pure Error
Total

DF
1
1
16
14
2
17

Adj SS
1273.54
1273.54
220.95
216.44
4.51
1494.49

Adj MS
1273.54
1273.54
13.81
15.46
2.25

F-Value
92.22
92.22

P-Value
0.000
0.000

6.86

0.134

Model Summary
S
3.71607

R-sq
85.22%

R-sq(adj)
84.29%

R-sq(pred)
79.29%

Coefficients

17

1.4

1.6

1.8

Term
Constant
x

Coef
0.47
20.57

SE Coef
1.94
2.14

T-Value
0.24
9.60

P-Value
0.811
0.000

VIF
1.00

Regression Equation
y = 0.47 + 20.57 x
Error

16

220.95

13.81 = 2

Fits and Diagnostics for All Observations

Obs
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
X

y
4.40
6.60
9.70
10.60
10.80
10.90
11.80
12.10
14.30
14.70
15.00
17.30
19.20
23.10
27.40
27.70
31.80
39.50

Fit
4.38
3.56
12.19
14.87
14.25
13.43
10.14
14.87
12.81
16.51
17.13
16.51
14.66
27.21
22.07
22.27
36.26
33.79

Resid
0.02
3.04
-2.49
-4.27
-3.45
-2.53
1.66
-2.77
1.49
-1.81
-2.13
0.79
4.54
-4.11
5.33
5.43
-4.46
5.71

Std Resid
0.01
0.92
-0.70
-1.18
-0.96
-0.70
0.47
-0.77
0.42
-0.50
-0.59
0.22
1.26
-1.19
1.49
1.52
-1.48
1.81

Unusual X

c) Using the regression equation the fit for watershed

that has a .01 roadway area is:
0.47 + 20.57 * 1% = 21.04
d) The fitted value is in obs #7. Y = 11.8 and the residual
is 1.66
.47 + 20.57 * .47 = 10.14. The residual is 11.8 10.14 =
1.66

18

11-13 a)
Scatterplot of Strength vs Age
2600

Strength

2400

2200

2000

1800

1600
0

10

15

20

Age

b) Regression Analysis: Strength versus Age 11-13

Analysis of Variance
Source
Regression
Age
Error
Total

DF
1
1
18
19

Adj SS
1522819
1522819
176602
1699421

Adj MS
1522819
1522819
9811

F-Value
155.21
155.21

P-Value
0.000
0.000

Model Summary
S
99.0516

R-sq
89.61%

R-sq(adj)
89.03%

R-sq(pred)
87.08%

19

25

Coefficients
Term
Constant
Age

Coef
2625.4
-36.96

SE Coef
45.3
2.97

T-Value
57.90
-12.46

P-Value
0.000
0.000

VIF
1.00

Regression Equation
Strength = 2625.4 - 36.96 Age

Fits and Diagnostics for All Observations

Obs
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
R

Strength
2158.7
1678.2
2316.0
2061.3
2207.5
1708.3
1784.7
2575.0
2357.9
2277.7
2165.2
2399.6
1779.8
2336.8
1765.3
2053.5
2414.4
2200.5
2654.2
1753.7

Fit
2052.5
1747.5
2329.7
1997.0
2440.6
1923.1
1738.3
2533.0
2348.2
2218.8
2144.9
2486.8
1701.3
2265.0
1812.2
1960.1
2403.6
2163.4
2551.5
1830.7

Resid
106.2
-69.4
-13.7
64.3
-233.1
-214.8
46.4
42.0
9.7
58.9
20.3
-87.2
78.5
71.7
-46.9
93.4
10.8
37.1
102.7
-77.0

Std Resid
1.10
-0.76
-0.14
0.67
-2.50
-2.26
0.51
0.46
0.10
0.61
0.21
-0.95
0.87
0.75
-0.50
0.98
0.11
0.38
1.14
-0.82

R
R

Large residual

Regression Equation
Strength = 2625.4 - 36.96 Age
2 = Error
18 176602
9811. Variance is a measure
of error: The squared difference of the actual value
predicted value / n 2 degrees of freedom.
176602/18 = 9811, the variance
c) 2625.4 36.96 * 20 = 1886.2
d)

20

Scatterplot of FITS_2 vs Strength

2600

FITS_2

2400

2200

2000

1800

1600
1600

1800

2000

2200

2400

2600

Strength

11-17 c) There are two potential points of interest.

21

Scatterplot of FITS_3 vs 11-17 y

3.0

2.8

FITS_3

2.6

2.4

2.2

2.0
1.8

1.9

2.0

2.1

2.2

2.3

2.4

2.5

2.6

2.7

11-17 y

a) Error
25 0.63329 0.02533. Variance is the ratio
of the sum of squared differences of the actual values
of y to the regression fit values of y divided by n 2
degrees of freedom = .02533
Regression Equation
y = 2.0198 + 0.02872 x
b) The predicted value age = 11:
2.0198 + .02872 * 11 = 2.34

22