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Cryostar process machinery

November 2007
Prepared by B. Brthes

www.cryostar.com

Content

1. Process pumps
Centrifugal pumps
Piston pumps

2. Expanders (turbines)
Types, applications and duties
Internal components
Auxiliary and control systems

3. Equipment for natural gas compression or liquefaction


Natural gas compressors
Natural gas companders
Heat exchangers, sprayers, vaporizers

Process pumps

Centrifugal pumps
Single-staged pumps

MCP
LIN, LOX, LAR, LCH4
Up to 36 bars

Process pumps

Centrifugal pumps
Single-staged pumps: Performance curves (MCP190)
82,5

80

0,95

77,5
0,9

75

0,85

72,5
70

57,5

0,6

55
0,55
52,5
0,5

50
47,5

0,45

45

0,4

42,5
0,35

40

0,3

37,5
35

0,25

32,5

0,2

30
27,5
25
700

40
37,5
35
32,5
30
27,5
25
22,5
700

800

900

1000

1100

1200

800

900

1000

1100

1200

1300

1400

1500

1600

1700

1800

1900

1300

1400

1500

1600

1700

1800

1900

2000

Flow (l/mn)

0,15

Flow (l/min)

0,1
2000

Flow (l/mn)

NPSHr
(m)
NPSHr (m)

Head (m)

Head (m)

0,65

60

Pump power (kW)

0,7

62,5

Efficiency

0,75

65

Efficiency
Power (kW)

0,8

67,5

1,5
1,35
1,2
1,05
0,9
0,75
0,6
700

800

900

1000

1100

1200

1300

1400

(l/mn)
FlowFlow
(l/min)

1500

1600

1700

1800

1900

2000

Process pumps

Centrifugal pumps
Multi-staged pumps

New VP330
High flows for large ASUs
VP

LIN, LOX

2-12 stages

2-5 stages

LIN, LOX, LAR, LCH4


Up to 130 bars

Up to 80 bars
2000 to 4500 l/min
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Process pumps

Centrifugal pumps
Multi-staged pumps: Labyrinth seals or dry gas seals (single or dual)

Process pumps

Centrifugal pumps
Multi-staged pumps: dry gas seals

Process pumps

Centrifugal pumps
Multi-staged pumps: dual gas seals for methane applications

N2 0.18 Nm3/h
Suction pressure
+2.5 bars

Process pumps

Centrifugal pumps
Installation selected guidelines
Suction line to be correctly sized to avoid too high pressure drop
Suction line to be insulated to avoid cold losses
Suction line to be designed to avoid gas pockets
 NPSHa>NPSHr
Discharge line to be equipped with safety valve
Discharge line to be correctly sized for low pressure drop
N2 purge recommended to avoid humidity going to seals (stand-by)
Flexibles to be sized correctly to avoid resonances
Inlet strainers to be compatible with O2 for LOX pumps
Forces and moments at flanges to be minimised
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Process pumps

Piston pumps
Linde KPL pump

KPL single cold end

KPL triple cold end

Mounted on cold box

Mounted on skid

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Process pumps

Piston pumps
Linde KPL pump
Enhanced cylindre insulation
Large range of capacities, up to 30 000 l/h
Low speeds ( from 60 to 335 U/min)
Low NPSHr
Continuous operation ( 4 000 to 8 000 h)
Design pressures

up to 450- 500 bar (standard)


or 900-1000 bar (N2, Ar special executions)

Usable with LIN, LOX, LAR, LH2, ETHYLENE, METHANE

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Process pumps

Piston pumps
Linde KPL pump
types

Nb of cold ends

22/80

single
triple

36/80
50/80
80/150

single

120/165

bar g

max. flow rate

max. work pressure

340
915
2,750

single

1,770

triple

5,310

single

4,535

single

380

1,020

triple

triple

100/150

Lit/ Hour

420
215
60

13,610
7,090

triple

21,270

single

10,210

triple

30,625

35
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Expanders

Gas expanders for ASUs


Single-staged centrifugal turbines with various brakes and powers

Oil-brake turbines Compressor loaded turbines Generator loaded turbines

Other brake: Combined


oil and compressor (TFC)

With customized wheels


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Expanders

Gas expanders for ASUs

Isentropic efficiency

Typical turbine performance curve (TC120)

U/Co

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Expanders

Liquid expanders for ASUs

Main characteristics

Power: Typically 100 to 300 kW


Liquid fluids: Air or LN2
Efficiency: Typically 0.75 to 0.8%

Liquid turbines

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Expanders

Future LNG expander


Main characteristics

Flow control using inlet nozzles

Flashing: 20% mass at expander outlet

Tandem or dual gas seals


(Seal gas vaporized from liquid)

Lube oil of active magnetic bearings

Efficiency:85%

Power: 1.2 MW
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Expanders

Gas expanders for hydrocarbons


Fully customized API machines, with Programmable Logic Controller

Oil-lubricated turbine-compressor

2 stages MTC

6 MW

1 MW

Gas processing plant

Ethylene plant

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Expanders

Turbines for PLD stations


Proven design for a promising market

Single / double stage Enersys turbines


1 to 2 MW
Double stage turbine
2 MW
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Expanders

In-pipe turbine for PLD stations - MTG


A revolutionary concept 300 kW

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Expanders

Turbines for heat recovery cycles (Geothermal plants)


First project for a Kalina thermodynamic cycle (NH3 gas)
3.5 MW power by a single-staged turbine (500 mm wheel diameter)

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Expanders

Internal components
Typical cross-section

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Expanders

Internal components
Variable inlet nozzles

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Expanders

Expanders internal components


Wheels

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Expanders

Internal components
Hydrodynamic oil bearings

Thrust bearings for high axial loads


(tappered lands design)

Tilting pad radial bearings for


optimum rotor stability
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Expanders

Expanders internal components


Magnetic bearings
Oil-free solution introduced 20 years ago by CS and S2M for expanders

Electromagnets
Electromagnetic
forces

Clearance
= 0.5 mm

Rotor
laminations

F
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Expanders

Expanders internal components


Labyrinth seals (dry gas seals also available for specific applications)

A type

AS type
Seal Gas inlet

Seal Gas vent

Seal Gas
recovery

Reference
pressure

Tip pressure
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Expanders

Auxiliary and control systems


Typical P&ID

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Expanders

Auxiliary and control systems


Control systems
Adjustable scope of supply:
Only interface boxes wired by customer to plant control system
Or remote I/O cabinet including:
Anti-surge controller
Vibrations monitoring system
Human Machine Interface etc
Connections via analog signals or serial links

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Equipment for natural gas compression or liquefaction

Natural gas compressors


Boil-off gas compressors for LNG carriers

Single-staged compressor

Double-staged compressor

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Equipment for natural gas compression or liquefaction

Natural gas compressors


Typical compressor performance curve (12 test points)

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Equipment for natural gas compression or liquefaction

Natural gas compressors


Boil-off gas blowers for LNG terminals

Return gas blower LNG terminal 80 kW 24000 kg/h


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Equipment for natural gas compression or liquefaction

Natural gas compressors


Typical cross-section

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Equipment for natural gas compression or liquefaction

Natural gas compressors


Inlet guide vanes

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Equipment for natural gas compression or liquefaction

Compander for N2 loop for inverted Brayton cycle

N2 compander with N2 cooler


1 turbine (49=>9.5 bars) + 3 compressor wheels (9=>16=>28=>49 bars)
Single gearbox 6MW motor

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Equipment for natural gas compression or liquefaction

Heat exchangers, sprayers, vaporizers


Equipment designed by Cryostar upon specific process requirements
NBO Mist
Separator
Spray Precooler

Pressure
equalizing
line

Purge
N2

Drain
Drain Pot

Drain vers
tanks

Pre-cooling system for DFDE vessels


Duty: Cool compressor inlet gas to reach 6.5 bars compressor outlet pressure
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Equipment for natural gas compression or liquefaction

Heat exchangers, sprayers, vaporizers


Equipment designed by Cryostar upon specific process requirements

After-cooler for DFDE vessels


Goal: Cool the compressor outlet gas to enable gas usage in DFDE engines

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Equipment for natural gas compression or liquefaction

Heat exchangers, sprayers, vaporizers


Equipment designed by Cryostar based on specific process requirements

Forced BOG system including FBO mist separator


Goal: Create additional boil-off gas and remove C2+

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Cryostar process machinery

Thank you for your attention.

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