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Rubric
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
This article is about rubrics in academic sense.
(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rubric_%28disambiguation%29).

For

other

uses,

see

Rubric

(disambiguation)

In education terminology, scoring rubric means "a standard of performance for a defined population".[1]
(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rubric_%28academic%29#cite_note-1) The traditional meanings of the word rubric
(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rubric) stem from "a heading on a document (often written in red from Latin, rubrica), or a
direction for conducting church services".[2] (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rubric_%28academic%29#cite_note-2) As shown
in
the
1977
introduction
to
the
International
Classification
of
Diseases-9,[3]
(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rubric_%28academic%29#cite_note-3) the term has long been used as medical labels for
diseases and procedures. The bridge from medicine to education occurred through the construction of "Standardized
Developmental Ratings." These were first defined for writing assessment in the mid-1970s[4]
(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rubric_%28academic%29#cite_note-4) and used to train raters for New York State's Regents
Exam in Writing by the late 1970s.[5] (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rubric_%28academic%29#cite_note-5) That exam
required raters to use multidimensional standardized developmental ratings to determine a holistic score. The term "rubrics" was
applied to such ratings by Grubb, 1981[6] (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rubric_%28academic%29#cite_note-6) in a book
advocating holistic scoring rather than developmental rubrics. Developmental rubrics return to the original intent of
standardized developmental ratings, which was to support student self-reflection and self-assessment as well as communication
between an assessor and those being assessed. In this new sense, a scoring rubric is a set of criteria
(http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/criteria) and standards (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Standardization) typically linked to
learning objectives. It is used to assess or communicate about product, performance, or process tasks.

A scoring rubric is an attempt to communicate expectations of quality around a task. In many cases, scoring rubrics are used to
delineate consistent criteria for grading. Because the criteria are public, a scoring rubric allows teachers and students alike to
evaluate criteria, which can be complex and subjective. A scoring rubric can also provide a basis for self-evaluation, reflection,
and peer review. It is aimed at accurate and fair assessment, fostering understanding, and indicating a way to proceed with
subsequent learning/teaching. This integration of performance and feedback is called ongoing assessment or formative
assessment (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Formative_assessment).
Several

common

features

of

scoring

(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bernie_Dodge)

rubrics

can
and

be

distinguished,

according

to

Nancy

Pickett:[citation

Bernie

Dodge

needed

(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed)]
focus on measuring a stated objective (performance, behavior, or quality)
use a range to rate performance
contain specific performance characteristics arranged in levels indicating either the developmental sophistication of the
strategy used or the degree to which a standard has been met.

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