Code No: 37055/37056 R05 Set No - 1

IV B.Tech I Semester Regular Examinations,Nov/Dec 2009

TRANSPORT PHENOMENA
Chemical Engineering
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
?????

1. A natural gas containing helium gas in a pyrex tube with inner and outer radii
as R1 and R2 respectively. Obtain expression for the rate at which Helium will
leak through the tube in terms of diffusivity of Helium in pyrex, the interfacial
concentration of Helium in pyrex and the dimensions of the tube. [16]

2. (a) Calculate the heat loss per m2 of surface area for an insulating wall of a food
cold storage room where the inside temperature is 276.5K and the outside
temperature is 299.9K. the wall is composed of 25.4 mm of corkboard having
a k of 0.0433 w/m.K.
(b) Compare the orders of magnitudes of prandtl numbers for gases and liquids?
[8+8]

3. (a) How do the viscosities of liquids and low-density gases depend on the temper-
ature and pressure?
(b) Predict the viscosity of molecular Methane at 20o C and 1 atm.
Data: At 200K and 1atm : σ = 3.78Ao and Ωµ = 1.197. [8+8]

4. (a) Define substantial time derivative and total time derivative and write their
mathematical equations.
(b) Equation of motion is a statement of Newton’s second law. Prove the state-
ment by deriving the equation from the first principles of momentum balance
on a parallelepiped. [6+10]
 2

5. (a) Show that JA∗ = − c MAρ MB DAB ∇wA
(b) Estimate DAB for the system CO - CO2 at 296.10 K and 1 atm total pressure.
[8+8]
Data:

label Compound M Tc Pc
A CO 28.01 133 34.5
B CO2 44.01 304.2 72.9

6. Consider a Newtonian liquid (of viscosity µ and density ρ) in laminar flow down
an inclined flat plate of length L and width W. The liquid flows as a falling film
with negligible rippling under the influence of gravity. End effects may be neglected
because L and W are large compared to the film thickness δ.

(a) Determine the steady-state velocity distribution.

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Code No: 37055/37056 R05 Set No - 1
(b) Obtain the mass rate of flow and average velocity in the falling film.
(c) What is the force exerted by the liquid on the plate in the flow direction?[16]

7. An incompressible Newtonian fluid is in steady laminar flow through a vertical

circular tube of radius ‘R’. The flow is in the direction of gravity (z direction). For
z<0, the fluid is at uniform temperature T0 . For z>0, the wall is maintained at
constant temperature T1 . The physical properties of the fluid may be assumed
constant. The steady state fully established velocity distribution is given as
  2 
vz = vz max 1 − Rr
Using the shell balance approach develop the partial differential equation for the
temperature of liquid as function of r and z. Indicate boundary conditions. [16]

8. Consider a long nuclear fuel rod, which is surrounded by an annular layer of alu-
minum cladding. With in the fuel rod heat is produced by fission. This heat source
is dependent on position with a source strength varying approximately as
 h i2 
Sn = Sn0 1 + b RrF

Here Sn0 is the heat per unit volume per unit time produced at r=0 and r is
the radius is the distance from the axis of the fuel rod. RF is the radius of the
fissionable rod and RC is the outer radius of the cladding. Calculate the maximum
temperature in the fuel rod using equation of energy, if the outer surface of the
cladding is in contact with a liquid coolant at a temperature TL , the heat transfer
coefficient at he cladding and the coolant interface is hL . The thermal conductivity
of fuel rod and cladding are KF and KC respectively. [16]

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Code No: 37055/37056 R05 Set No - 2
IV B.Tech I Semester Regular Examinations,Nov/Dec 2009
TRANSPORT PHENOMENA
Chemical Engineering
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
?????

1. Component A is disappearing in accordance with a first order irreversible reaction

in a long solid slab of uniform height ‘H’ and width ‘W’. The upper and lower
surfaces of the slab are maintained at a concentration of CAH and zero respectively.
Use shell mass balance method, determine the steady state concentration profile in
the slab and determine mass flux at two surfaces. [16]

2. Derive the equations for velocity distribution for creeping flow around a sphere.
[16]

3. Calculate the thermal conductivity of a mixture containing 20 mole% CO2 and

80mole% H2 at 1 atm and 300K. [16]
Data:

Species α Mole fractionxα Mα µα × 105 (pas.s) Kα (w/m.k)

CO2 1 0.2 44.01 1.506 0.01661
H2 2 0.8 2.016 0.8944 0.1789

4. (a) Explain the concept of molecular theory of the viscosity of liquids.

(b) Estimate the viscosity of liquid benzene at 20o C.
−
Data: At 20o C , V = 89.0 cm3 /gm − mole, Tb = 80.1o C

5. A copper wire has a radius of 3 mm and length of 6 mm. For what voltage drop
would the temperature rise at the wire axis be 10 0 C if the surface temperature of
the wire is 20 0 C. For copper the Lorenz number
k
ke T0
= 2.23 × 10−8 volt2 /K2
where k is thermal conductivity and ke is electrical conductivity. [16]
MB
6. (a) Show that JA = M
JA∗
(b) Predict the value of DAB for the system CO-CO2 at 296.1 K and 1.0 atm total
pressure.
Data: σAB = 3.793 0 A, ΩDAB = 1.067 [8+8]

7. Prove that the ratio of average to maximum velocity in turbulent flow through a
circular pipe is nearly 0.8, following Prandtl one seventh law. [16]

8. There are two concentric spherical shells of radii aR and R in which the inner
surface of the outer one is at temperature T1 and outer surface of the inner one is
maintained at Ta . Dry air at temperature Ta is blown radially from the inner shell

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Code No: 37055/37056 R05 Set No - 2
in to the intervening space and out through outer shell. Develop an expression for
the required rate of heat removable from the inner sphere as a function of mass
flow rate of gas. Assume steady laminar flow and low gas velocity.
ρCp vr dT = k r12 dr
d
r2 dT


dr dr
[16]

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Code No: 37055/37056 R05 Set No - 3
IV B.Tech I Semester Regular Examinations,Nov/Dec 2009
TRANSPORT PHENOMENA
Chemical Engineering
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
?????

1. (a) Show that only one diffusivity is needed to describe the diffusional behaviour
of a binary mixture
(b) Show that for a binary mixture WA = xA MA /(xA MA +xB MB ). [8+8]
2. A house wall consists of 1.2 cm dry wall, 7.5 cm glass fiber insulation and outside
brick wall 11 cm thick. Assume that there is a perfect contact between each layer.
The thermal conductivities of dry wall, glass fiber and brick are 0.17, 0.036 and
0.72 W/m K respectively. Inside temperature of the house is 26 0 C and outside
temperature is -15 0 C:
(a) Find the heat flux
(b) Find the temperature at the junction between the dry wall and glass fiber
insulation
(c) Find the location in cm from the inside surface of the dry wall where moisture
freezes. [16]
3. (a) Compute the thermal conductivity of argon at 1000 C and 1 atm
Data: Argon molecular weight = 39.948, σ = 3.432A0 and Ωµ =1.0344
(b) Compute the thermal conductivities of NO at 300K and 1 atm by Eucken’s
formula by using the data: M = 30.01, µ = 1929 × 10−7 gm/cm.sec, Cp =7.15
cal/gmole.k.
[16]
4. Consider a Newtonian liquid of variable viscosity µ = µ0 e−αx/δ (and density δ) in
laminar flow down an inclined flat plate of length L and width W. The liquid flows
as a falling film with negligible rippling under the influence of gravity. End effects
may be neglected because L and W are large compared to the film thickness δ.
(a) Determine the steady-state velocity distribution.
(b) Obtain the mass rate of flow and average velocity in the falling film.
(c) What is the force exerted by the liquid on the plate in the flow direction [16]
5. Determine vΘ (r) between two coaxial cylinders of R and λR rotating at angular
velocities ω1 and ω2 respectively. Assume that the space between cylinders is filled
with an incompressible isothermal fluid in laminar. [16]
6. (a) The distance between the plates is 0.5 cm and velocity is 10 cm/sec, and the
fluid is ethyl alcohol at 273K having a viscosity of 1.77 cp. Calculate the shear
stress and shear rate.

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Code No: 37055/37056 R05 Set No - 3
(b) Explain two parameter models for non-Newtonian fluids. [8+8]

7. Gas B is absorbed in liquid A contained in an agitated tank and disappears B

an irreversible first order reaction with liquid A. The following conditions may be
assumed:

(a) Each gas bubble is surrounded by a stagnant liquid film of thickness δ, which
is small with respect to bubble diameter
(b) Immediate establishment of steady state concentration in the liquid film after
the bubble is formed
(c) The gas B is only sparingly soluble in liquid A
(d) The bulk of liquid outside the stagnant film is at a steady concentration CBδ .

Using equation of continuity for B, show that the concentration of B in the liquid
film is:
CB [M sinh(b1 R)+sinh(b1 {1−R})]
CB0
= sinh(b1 )
q 000 2
CBδ
Where b1 = kDAB δ
, R = zδ , M = C B0
and CB0 is interfacial concentration of B in
the liquid phase which is assumed to be at equilibrium with gas phase. [16]

8. Consider a cylindrical jar in which gas A dissolves in liquid B and diffuses into
the liquid phase. As it diffuses, A undergoes an irreversible first order chemical
reaction A + B → AB. Arrive at steady state concentration distribution of A in
liquid B. [16]

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Code No: 37055/37056 R05 Set No - 4
IV B.Tech I Semester Regular Examinations,Nov/Dec 2009
TRANSPORT PHENOMENA
Chemical Engineering
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
?????

1. (a) Derive equation of mechanical energy using equation of motion.

(b) A fluid of constant density and viscosity is in a cylindrical container of radius
R. The container is rotated about its axis at an angular velocity ‘w’. Find the
velocity distribution using equations of change. [8+8]
∂ρA
2. Show that the equation ∂t
+ ∇.nA = rA can be written as in the following forms:
∂CA
(a) ∂t
+ ∇.NA = RA
∂ρA
(b) ∂t
+ ∇.ρA v = rA + ∇.ρDAB ∇wA
(c) Derive Fick’s second law by making suitable assumption from (b). [6+8+2]

3. Explain the concept of theory of thermal conductivity of gases at low density. [16]

4. (a) What is the significance of Sherwood number in mass transport.

(b) Estimate DAB for the system argon - oxygen at 293.20 K and 1 atm total
pressure.
[6+10]
Data:
label Compound M Tc Pc
A Argon 39.94 151.2 48.0
B oxygen 32.00 154.4 49.7

5. (a) Explain the concept of molecular theory of the viscosity of gases at low density.
(b) Compute the viscosity of CO2 at 200K and 1 atm.
Data: At 200K and 1atm : ε/k = 190K and σ = 3.996Ao and Ωµ = 1.548.
[8+8]

6. A reaction nA → An is taking place I a turbulent gas phase in the presence of a

solid catalyst. It is assumed that the diffusional resistance lies in a stagnant gas
film of thickness ‘δ’ surrounding the catalyst surface. Develop an expression for the
local rate of conversion from A to An (taking place at the catalyst surface) when
the reaction is instantaneous. [16]

7. The asymptotic temperature distribution for heating of a fluid in steady established

laminar flow in long tube with constant heat flux at the wall, assuming that constant
physical properties is given by relation
ξ4 7
θ = −4ζ − ξ 2 + 4
+ 24
where

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Code No: 37055/37056 R05 Set No - 4
(T −T0 )
θ= , ξ = Rr , ζ = ρCp vzK
[ qK
1R
] z max R
2

R is radius of pipe, K is thermal conductivity, q1 is heat flux, T0 is reference

temperature. Use the above temperature profile to show that the limiting Nusselt
48
number for these conditions is 11 . [16]

8. A fluid (of constant density ρ) is in incompressible, laminar flow through a tube of

length L. The radius of the tube of circular cross section changes linearly from R0
at the tube entrance (z = 0) to a slightly smaller value RL at the tube exit (z =
L). Using the lubrication approximation, determine the mass flow rate vs. pressure
drop (w vs. ∆P ) relationship for a Newtonian fluid (of constant viscosity µ). [16]

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