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CorrosioninPetrochemical

Industry

Group1
DongJi

CorrosionAccidents
1.PollutionbyOilPipelineReleases
2.CriticalPollutionbyCorroded
3.CorrosioninthePetroleumExtraction

PollutionbyOilPipelineReleases
AccordingtoanEnvironmentalDefenseFund(EDF)
engineer,theaverageamountofoilreleasedfroma
pipelinespillin1998wasover45,000gallons.
Since1995,theoverallamountofoilreleasedtothe
environmenthasincreasedeachyear.
Anaverageoftensofthousandsofgallonsofoilwas
releasedfrompipelinesapproximatelyeveryother
daythroughoutthe1990s.

Corrosionisthemostcommoncauseof
pipelinespills.

PollutionbyCorrodedPipeline
Inthewinter,2001,92,000gallonsof
saltwaterandcrudeoilontoAlaskantundra
fromcorrodedpipeline.
Thespillwasapparentlycausedbycorrosion
ina10inchpipe.

CorrosioninthePetroleumExtraction
Therecouldproduce300toiland100,000m3
nationalgasintheNo.58oilwellinHuabei
Oilfieldbefore.
3.1%oftheoilwaswaterand42%ofnational
gaswasCO2
Butafter18months,ithadtobeclosed
becauseofthecorrosionofironpipe.

CorrosionMechanisms
1.ElectrochemicalCorrosion
2.ChemicalCorrosion
3.MechanicalandMechanical/CorrosiveEffects

ElectrochemicalCorrosion
Crevice
Corrosion
Muchmetalloss
inoilfieldcasings
iscausedby
crevicecorrosion.
Inthecrevice,
metalisin
contactwithan
electrolyte,but
doesnothave
readyaccessto
oxygen.

ChemicalCorrosion
HydrogenSulfide,
PolysulfideandSulfur
Hydrogensulfide[H2S]
whendissolvedinwater,
isaweakacidand,
therefore,itisasourceof
hydrogenionsandis
corrosive.
Thecorrosionproducts
areironsulfides[FeSx]
andhydrogen.

ChemicalCorrosion
CarbonDioxide
LikeH2S,carbondioxide[CO2]isaweaklyacidic
gasandbecomescorrosivewhendissolvedin
water.However,CO2 musthydratetocarbonic
acid[H2CO3]arelativelyslowProcessbefore
itbecomesacidic.
Thecorrosionproductisironcarbonate(siderite)
scale.
CO2 +H2O+FeFeCO3 +H2

ChemicalCorrosion
StrongAcids
Strongacidsdirectlychemicalattacktothe
equipment.
Strongacidsareoftenpumpedintothewellsto
stimulateproductionbyincreasingformation
permeabilityinthenearwellboreregion.
Forlimestoneformations,5to28%hydrochloric
[HCl]acidiscommonlyused.

ChemicalCorrosion
BiologicalEffects
Themostimportant
biologicaleffectisthe
generationofH2Sby
sulfatereducingbacteria
(SRB).Theseanaerobic
bacteriametabolize
sulfateionsandproduce
hydrogensulfide.

ChemicalCorrosion
Oxygen

Oxygencan
enterthemud
systematmany
points.
Butoxygenis
notnormally
presentinoil
industry.Itis
onlyatthe
drillingstage.

MechanicalandMechanical/Corrosive
Effects
Cavitation(

Thistypeofmetallossisduetohighpressure
shockwaves,generatedfromthecollapseof
minutebubblesinhighvelocityfluidsimpinging
onnearbymetalsurfaces.Cavitationmetalloss
isusuallyfoundonpumpimpellersdeveloping
toolowasuctionpressure.

MechanicalandMechanical/Corrosive
Effects
CorrosionFatigue

Thisresultsfromsubjectingametalto
alternatingstressesinacorrosiveenvironment.
Eventuallythisleadstocrackinitiationandcrack
growthbyacombinationofmechanicaland
corrosiveaction.
Becauseofthiscombinedaction,corrosion
fatigueisgreateratlowstresscyclesthatallow
timeforthecorrosionprocess.

MechanicalandMechanical/Corrosive
Effects
SulfideStressCorrosion
Productionofhydrogen
resultsfromsulfidestress
cracking(SSC).
SSCoccurswhenasusceptible
metalisundertensilestress
andexposedtowater
containinghydrogensulfideor
othersulfurcompounds.

MechanicalandMechanical/Corrosive
Effects
StressCorrosion
Cracking(CSC)

CSCisanexample
ofbroadrangeof
stresscorrosion
cracking,defined
ascorrosion
acceleratedby
tensilestress.

Protection
1.
2.
3.
4.

Mudremainingnoncorrosive;
MaintaininghighpH
Oxygenscavengers
CorrosioncontrolofCO2

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