CHAPTER I

CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK
1.0 INTRODUCTION
The internet has revolutionized the computer and communications world
like nothing before. The invention of the telegraph, telephone, radio, and
computer set the stage for this unprecedented integration of capabilities. The
internet is at once a world-wide broadcasting capability, a mechanism for
information dissemination, and a medium for collaboration and interaction
between individuals and their computers without regard for geographic
location. The internet represents one of the most successful examples of the
benefits of sustained investment and commitment to research and development
of information infrastructure.
Education is the powerful tool which helps to modify the behavior of the
student according to the needs and expectancy of the society. Students attitude
is an integral part of learning and that it should, therefore become an essential
component of second language learning pedagogy.
Attitude towards learning is believed to influence behaviors such as
selecting and reading books, speaking in a foreign language etc. Especially in
education, if the students have positive attitude towards any subject, they can
achieve many things in that specific area. There is an interaction between
language learning and the environmental components in which the students
were grown up. Both negative and positive attitudes have a strong impact on
the success of language learning.

1.1 ATTITUDE
Attitudes are the prime movers of thought and action. Attitude is the
broad term covering almost all the important field of human knowledge. An
attitude is an expression of favor or disfavor toward a person, place, thing, or
event (the attitude object).

1.2 DEFINITION OF ATTITUDE

Gordon Allport
Prominent psychologist Gordon Allport once described attitude as "the
most distinctive and indispensable concept in contemporary social
psychology." Attitude can be formed from a person's past and present. It is also
measurable and changeable as well as influencing the person's emotion and
behavior.
Jung
Jungs definition of attitude is: a readiness of the psyche to act or react
in a certain way Jung, (1921) According to him, attitudes come in pairs.

1.3 INTERNET
The internet is a global system of interconnected computer networks that
use the standard Internet protocol suite (TCP/IP) to link several billion devices
worldwide. It is a network of networks that consists of millions of private,
public, academic, business, and government networks of local to global scope,
linked by a broad array of electronic, wireless, and optical networking
technologies.
The internet carries an extensive range of information resources and
services, such as the inter-linked hypertext documents and applications of
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the world wide Web (www), the infrastructure to support email, and peer-topeer networks for file sharing and telephony.
Most popular applications for communication are the email itself, web
sites, messenger such as Yahoo Messenger or MSN Messenger, phone calls on
Skype, messages from an ATM to a bank, etc.

1.4 DEVELOPMENT OF INTERNET

The interconnection of regional academic networks in the 1980s marks
the beginning of the transition to the modern Internet. From the early 1990s,
the network experienced sustained exponential growth as generations of
institutional, personal, and mobile computers were connected to it.
The funding of a new U.S. backbone by the National Science
Foundation in the 1980s, as well as private funding for other commercial
backbones, led to worldwide participation in the development of new
networking technologies, and the merger of many networks.
Though the internet has been widely used by academia since the 1980s,
the commercialization of international network resulted in its popularization
and incorporation into virtually every aspect of modern human life. As of
December 2014, 37.9 percent of the population have used the services of the
internet within the past year; over 100 times more people than were using it in
1996 internet use grew rapidly in the west from the mid-1990s to early 2000s
and from the late 1990s to present in the developing world. In 1994 only 3% of
American classrooms had access to the internet, while by 2002 that figure was
92.
Most traditional communications media, including telephony and television,
are being reshaped or redefined by the internet, giving birth to new services
such as voice over internet Protocol and television. Newspaper, book, and
other print publishing are to adapting website technology, or are reshaped
into blogging and web feeds. The entertainment industry, including music, film,
and gaming, was initially the fastest growing online segment.
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1.5 IMPORTANCE OF INTERNET

Internet is very famous nowadays for satisfying people with various
services related to various different fields. It is a very versatile facility which
can help you in completing many tasks easily and conveniently with few clicks.
It can be any work of daily usage or any specific service which needs a lot of
research and formalities to be done beforehand. Almost everything is now
available over internet in this age of advancement of technologies. It is in
general practice nowadays for a person to look for a particular solution over
there and getting satisfied with the appropriate solution. One can get
information on any particular thing around the world using internet facility.
Along with the facility of finding various services over internet, one of
the most important and popularly rising topics of general interest nowadays is
social networking websites. It is very common for people to use
social networking websites nowadays to be in regular contact with their friends
and relatives over internet. They are made very easy to understand, having a
great user interface so as to attract as many people as possible.

1.6 INTERNET AND ITS SERVICE

Internet is open for 24 hours a day, one can find any information what
he needs using internet. As well as current events and blogs, information
about almost any subject is available in depth and up to date. This is
incredibly valuable for every subject we can imagine. Almost every college
and government research organization is on the web, along with libraries,
educational institutions, associations, and many commercial directories and
sites.
INTERNET IS MAINLY USED FOR

Sharing and collecting information.

The internet e.g., World Wide Web, email, instant messaging, offers significant
advantages for its users, example, sharing and collecting information, searching
for jobs, communication, and entertainment. Vast quantities of information of
different types are stored on the internet. Usually, the information on the
internet is free of cost and is available 24 hours a day.
In addition, the internet provides its users with the latest news of the
world and most of the newspapers are available on the internet, which are
periodically or immediately updated with the latest news (Rice, 2006). Thus,
internet users can almost instantaneously learn about news events, read news
articles or opinions about world events, and share this information and their
own thoughts with others like themselves.

Searching for jobs.

People can now search for different types of jobs all over the world
and can often apply for the required job using the internet. Most of the
organizations and departments advertise their vacancies on the internet. A
range of search engines are also used to search for jobs on the internet.

Communication and entertainment.

People around the world can now quickly communicate with each
other through the internet using a range of applications: chatting, video
conferencing, email, and internet telephone. The internet also provides different
types of entertainment. Internet users can play games with other people in any
part of the world, watch movies and listen to music can also form new
relationships on the internet.

1.7 INTERNET IN EDUCATION FIELD

In the last two decades rapid developments in information technology, such as
the internet, have made considerable and dramatic impact on contemporary
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educational practice. For example, the web-based learning where educators

integrate the internet into instructional practice can not only provide learners
with distant, interactive, broad, individualized and inquiry-oriented learning
activities, but also promote their knowledge construction and meaningful
learning.
1.7.1 INTERNET USE WORLDWIDE
In recent years, the number of internet users has increased worldwide. In 2011,
30.2% of the worlds populations were internet users (2,095 million). Of those,
44% were in Asia, 22.7% were in Europe and 13% were in North America. As
the internet is broadly used for educational purposes, learners may have more
rich experiences of utilizing the internet.
FIGURE-1: Internet users by Language

However, while students have increasingly more opportunities to utilize

the internet to enhance their learning outcomes, studies about the nature of
learners web use have not kept pace with their usage of the internet.
As a result, the nature of students web use, such as their perceptions,
attitudes and self-efficacy toward the internet, should be highlighted by

educational researchers. Undoubtedly, appropriate attitude toward the internet

is a prerequisite for successful internet based instruction.
FIGURE-2: Website Content Language

Previous studies have revealed that the attitude toward a new technology
plays an important role in its acceptance and usage. For example, students
attitudes toward the internet may influence their motivation and interests
toward learning to use the internet, or vice versa, over the past decade,
researchers have largely explored learners attitudes towards computers.
However, comparatively fewer studies have been conducted to investigate
students attitudes toward the internet.
Moreover expectations about computer literacy among students are
changing. As computers has become more powerful, it is assumed that
educational institutions will help students learn to use this hardware and
software. As computers have become more readily available, the computer
literacy expectations of students even in the primary grades have arisen.
Internet is playing an important role in transforming the library system
and the way in which we view the library resources and the library services.
With the help of web based library services in developed countries, users are
attended round the clock. Internet provides links to various library sites,
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specializing in almost every topic and they can be accessed directly from any
part of the world. As the libraries are going web based more and more libraries'
are becoming accessible via libraries' web pages.
With an internet connection, a student in any university of India can
browse through the documents in computers of US National libraries or
elsewhere in the globe. The Net therefore, provides instant access to billions of
information sources which include books, reports, journals, video films, sound
recording and wide variety of other sources. The library and information
professionals have a vital role to play in organizing the information and
bridging the information gap.

1.8 ENGLISH LANGUAGE

English Language is ours by historic necessity- Pandit. Nehru. English
has been holding and will continue a unique position in India. No, doubt,
English is a language borrowed from six thousand miles away in an entirely
different nation. But this does not mean that we have no relationship with it.
Even today it has been dominating the whole essence of the past. It is, in fact
the language of world organization.
Its richness, its flexibility, its elegance, its dignity seem to have made
it universally popular. Mahatma Gandhi in an article thoughts of National
Language-he expresses that, I hold its knowledge as a second language to be
indispensable for specified Indians who have to represent the countrys interest
in the international domain I regard the English language as an open window
for peeping into western thought and sciences. In the Era of globalization,
students attitude of internet and their English language plays a significant role
in the attainment of educational goals. Therefore wide appliance of internet
usage and basic knowledge of English language help the students in their
learning.

1.9 DEFINITIONS OF LANGUAGE

"Language is naturally used to define social identity, and conformity to
the norms of a particular language variety is an expression of group
membership"
According to Bernard Bloch, Language is a system of arbitrary
symbols through which a social group cooperates.
According to Sapir, Language is a purely human and noninstinctive method of communicating ideas, emotions, and desires
by means of a system of voluntarily produced symbols.

1.10 LANGUAGE ATTITUDE

Language attitudes vary in nature. People show attitudes of varying
nature such as attitude to the variation of language; attitude to minority
language and dominant language; attitude to foreign and second language;
attitude to a specific language etc.
Whatever the nature of attitude, it has two components (Baker, 1992):
1. instrumental and
2. integrative
Instrumental attitude
Refers to Instrumental attitude refers to showing attitude to a
particular language for self-achievement and recognition. As Hohenthal (2003)
reports that attitude to English in India is instrumental.
Integrative attitude
Integrative attitude, on the other hand, concerns someones attachment with a
particular speech community. People show such attitude in order to be
identified as a member of the desired community.

1.11 ATTITUDE TOWARDS ENGLISH LANGUAGE

Attitude towards English language exhibits the instrumental motive of
the people: language for better education and job opportunity as well as a
marker of 'global status.' It is apparent from these studies that people show their
concern of attachment to particular languages or speech communities for their
individual or community success, achievement, power and status. But whether
people are concerned with either integrative or instrumental or both the
perspectives, their perceptions are complementary to each other.

1.12 IMPORTANCE OF ENGLISH

English is perceived as a useful language because it acts as a tool to achieve
high status, economic advantage and basic security and survival.

1. English as an official Language of administration

English has been the official language of the country for more than
200 years. It has been declared as the Associate official language of the Union
for an indefinite period by an Act of Parliament in 1963.As such, it dominates
the administrative business at the Centre as well as in the States. All the
administrative work is done in English throughout country.

2. English as a language of international trade and industry

English dominates the fields of trade and industry, in the country,
because of most of the work in these fields is carried on in English.
Maintenance of accounts, audit, and correspondence are done in English.

3. English in our social life

English plays an important role in the social life of the country .They are
highly educated and sophisticated sections of our society find it more

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convenient to talk in English. They write letters in English. Invitation cards and
marriage cards are printed in English and social functions also exist in English.

4. English as a window on the modern world

Pandit Nehru has rightly said, English is our major window on the
modern world. English is a window through which we can see the scientific,
technological, agricultural and commercial developments taking place in the
world. English is the only language through which we have the utilized essence
of modern knowledge in all fields of human activity.

5. English as a Link Language

English is a link language in India. It is the only language which is
understood by people in all the states. Though Hindi is our National language,
yet it has not been successful in taking the place in English. In the absence of
English a person from TamilNadu is not able to communicate with a person
from Bihar.

6. English in Indian educational system

English plays an important role in the field of education. It is taught
compulsorily in most of the states in our country. It is the medium of
instruction in the public schools, technical, medical, law and other institutions.
A large number of English Medium schools are coming up. There seems to be a
sudden increase in craze for such schools .Several state departments of
education are attempting now to introduce English on the third year of a childs
education. Several teaching centers of English language and Regional institutes
in English have been set up in order to train teachers of English in new
methods and techniques of teaching English.

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7. Foreign Language already known to Indians

English is a language prevalent in our country very long. Many people
already know this language. So the idea that Indian should learn some other
language-may be French or Russian does not suit. For learning some new
language, everybody will have to make efforts from beginning. As far as
English is concerned, people know it already. Pt. Nehru once said regarding
English language, we know it good deal and we have people who can teach
it.

8. Rich and Beautiful Language

English is indeed a very rich and beautiful language. A writer can
express his thoughts wonderfully by using the choicest words and idioms of
this language. Every sort of thought whether simple and profound or plain or
high English can be nicely expressed by using very simple English .English has
undoubtedly a highly developed literature. Both in the quantity of the thoughts
and the quality of style this language is unrivalled.

9. Knowledge of English-A successful passport for employment

The knowledge of English as we know from the social condition
prevailing all around provides a privileged position to a person. There are so
many jobs for which a person with a good knowledge of English is considered
to be an asset. The prospectus of employment is there, not only is our own
country but also in other countries of the world.

1.13 IMPORTANCE OF ENGLISH AT THE INTERNATIONAL

LEVEL
English is the best tool available for international communication.
English was once and only the native language of England. But now it is not
so.
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By accidents of history and by rapid spread of industrial development,

science, technology and international trade and by explosion in the speed and
ease level English has become a world language.-F.G.French.
It is the means of international communication. About 300 million
people use English as their first language and another 300 million people know
it. The official language commission has pointed out that English is the key to
the store house of knowledge. It is also a special tool for spreading Indianism
abroad.

1.14 GLOBAL STATUS OF ENGLISH LANGUAGE

People have positive attitudes towards English language. They reported
that they like English language and they like those who speak English. They
were of the opinion that those who speak English create good impression.
Students reported that they recognize the global status and importance of
English language in this era of globalization and global communication
network.
It is realized that knowledge of English offers advantages in this era of
globalization when getting a good job, securing a better social position and
personal establishment is very competitive.
It shows people want to choose and use more English in the domain of
media, office and education. Though people supported increase in the use of
English language but they did not want exclusive use of English rather they
wanted that English and Tamil should go hand in hand in their use in different
domains.
As far as education domain in concerned, the people and students
opinion was that English should be the medium of instruction in tertiary studies
and they need English in order to succeed in higher education.

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1.15 ROLE OF ENGLISH LANGUAGE IN PRESENT SCENARIO

Education is a process of enlightenment and empowerment by which the
individuals are able to secure a better quality of life. Today, education is global
and a multipurpose social service, which must reward human resourcefulness,
commitment and freedom. The present day education is aimed at the growth of
body, mind, intellect and soul. Children are humanity's greatest asset. Hence a
new vision of human greatness must be instilled in them. Many children go
out of our country in pursuit of higher education. Hence we should welcome
modern knowledge based on age old culture. It is a widely accepted fact that
knowledge must be acquired and supplemented by a life-long relearning and
retaining system.
English language is realized as a link language with global significance
and also the most spread language in the world. In India it is now an Official
language in addition to Hindi. Students at the school level need to acquire
better proficiency in English along with the learning of other subjects like
Mathematics and Science. With the changing times, expectations of the society
about the role of students and demands on them also changed. A very
perceptible change came with the advent of industrialization and society is in
need of trained meritorious personnel who can effectively contribute to the
productivity and manufacture of a variety of goods as well as run the
administration. This culture also exposed the need for 'trained persons' with
desired capabilities and skills to fulfill diverse tasks. Hence there is a
tremendous pressure to see that all students acquire requisite qualifications or
degrees that lead to the best kind of employment, thus leading to the
importance of imparting knowledgeable and updated education.
A degree is no longer a necessary and sufficient qualification if it is not
imparted with competency. This cannot be attained if the student does not
adapt himself to the exposure of the emerging 'era of knowledge' The students
need to have a channel of communicating with other schools, colleges and
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Institutions for which the knowledge of English plays an important role.

English language also plays a significant role right at the school
levels where a child tastes the sweetness of the literary language and develops
an interest in it and inculcates the habit of book reading. English as a subject
helps a lot to get one into the habit of book reading as most of the books are
written in that language. Reading a good book can get one enter a different
world of relaxation. The cross cultural communication helps bring in the
confidence in the child and urges him to improve his skill in communicating
with various people and encourages them to handle complex concepts with
ease. In a period of globalization and modernization English language learning
enables in transferring the individuality of a child into a personality. Hence
one has to be honest, sincere and dedicated in learning all the subjects equally
and update his knowledge by referring various books for which again English
language learning plays a key role.
To survive in modern society English language learning is as important
as water to us. It is also identified to be one of the factors for many graduates to
be unemployed. The unemployed graduates are urged to polish up their
knowledge in English and Communication skills to better equip themselves.
This can be better achieved only if the students begin to learn the language with
keen interest at their school level paying equal efforts along with learning other
subjects or the key subjects. This holistic approach imparts an education with
intellectual expansion by which one can stand on one's feet. The school
environment enables the child to attain changes with the changing times and
attain his noble objectives if he contributes his mite to improve himself in the
English language

1.16 ENGLISH AS A SECOND LANGUAGE

English is perceived as a useful language because it acts as a tool to
achieve high status, economic advantage and basic security and survival. An
Attitude to language is a construct that explains linguistic behavior in
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particular. It may be positive or negative as well as instrumental or integrative.

It varies from favorably to unfavorably or vice-versa in language learning and
acquisition, choice and use of language in different domains and hence, it is
important in the question of survival and development of a particular language
and in the chances of success in language policy implementation
English here it stands as a second language for other native language
speaking person. The cultural and literal goals are minimized. In the present
day context in India, the learner of English may have to use English for
purposes of communication oral or written, in his or her day to day life in the
office, in the market place, in the bank and sometimes even in social
gatherings. English is used as a secondary vehicle of communication within
ones own culture and social context.
Similarly, a Tamil user may learn Hindi as a second language. Hindi
belongs to the Indo-Aryan family of languages and Tamil to the Dravidian
family, but both are languages used within the cultural context of the Indian
sub-continent.
On the other hand, though an Indo-European language, is somewhat different in
the degree in which it is related to Indias culture. English is not as intimately
interwoven with the culture of the Indian sub-continent as Hindi or Bengali or
Tamil, the rural texture has not taken English as part of its mental make-up.
Still, English is different from French or German or Italian, on the one
hand, and Hindi or Malayalam or Guajarati the other-English has a unique
status neither Indian nor foreign. Thus is why the constitution treats it as an
Associate Language.
Each branch of English teaching has become a specialize field. Business
English, for example, is becoming more popular in India and three is a great
demand for effective Programs. Each area has its own theory, practice
terminology, publications, practitioners, and organizations. English teaching is
big business indeed.
With the introduction of diarchy at the provincial level in 1921,
education passed on to the hands of elected representatives of the people. Then
the modern Indian languages became the media of instruction and secondary
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school level. At the wake of the Independence Hindi replaced English as the
National Language.
English plays the role as the medium of Science and the medium of
interstate and international communication. Still the regional languages are
completely ready to take over as the medium of instruction in the science and
technological subjects. English will be medium at the higher level.

1.17 COMMITTEES AND COMMISSIONS

Committees and commissions have produced loud reports with hardly
any results. There are no clear cut directions or co-ordination among the
agencies that are to implement the policies-even the major recommendation of
specialist bodies.
For example, the University Education Commission (1950) says that
English has become so much a part of our national habit and also points out
that use of English language divides the nation into two nations.
The Kothari commission said that English should continue as a library
language and as a channel of international communication and that a
reasonable degree of proficiency in English was to be stipulated as essential for
the award of a degree with regards to the study of English the commission
made two important points:
a. English should be the medium of instruction in all major
universities and
b. Special units should be set up for teaching English as a language
skill, as distinct from teaching it as a literature. This evidently was in
view of the emphasis on English as a library language and as a
vehicle of international communication.
In practice, however, different states in India start English in different classes in
government schools.
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1.18 NEED FOR AND SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

Internet enhances students perceptions and their need over the internet
for their higher education. It will also explore students confidence and
happiness while they communicate with others through internet. English makes
the students ease to surf the internet. It also helps the students to acquire the
internet skills in order to move rapidly in the field of education. Without
English language, surfing the internet is difficult. Thus English stands as a
universal Language. Lack of knowledge in English is one of the most severe
factors that cause polarization. Hence, this present study is needed to bring out
the attitude of college students towards internet and English Language.

1.19 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

The statement of the problem is entitled as ATTITUDE TOWARDS
INTERNET AND ENGLISH LANGUAGE AMONG COLLEGE
STUDENTS.

1.20 OPERATIONAL DEFINITIONS

Students attitude towards internet
In the present study students attitude towards internet refers to,
the psychological behavior of students i.e. their anxiety, comfortability,
confident and the feel of happiness while using computer or
communicating with others through internet.

Students attitude towards English language

In the current study, students attitude towards English refers to,
students perception and impression of English language, global status and

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importance of English language, the instrumental value of English

language and students choice of language in education domain.

1.21 OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY

The objectives of the study are
to find the difference among the college students in their attitudes
towards internet based on select variables viz. Gender, locality, age,
type of institution, medium of instruction, course of study, and
discipline of study.
to find the difference among the college students in their attitudes
towards English based on the select variables viz. Gender, locality,
age, type of institution, medium of instruction, course of study,
discipline of study.
to discover the relationship between the college students attitude
towards internet and towards English language.

1.22 HYPOTHESES OF THE STUDY

The hypotheses of the present study are as follows;
There is no significant difference in the attitude towards internet
among college students based on the select subsamples viz. Gender,
locality, age, type of institution, medium of instruction, course of
study, and discipline of study.
There is no significant difference in the attitude towards English
language among college students based on the select subsamples.
viz. Gender, locality, age, type of institution, medium of instruction,
course of study, discipline of study.
There is no relationship between the students attitude towards
internet and English language.

1.23 DELIMITATIONS OF THE STUDY

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The Present study was restricted to Salem District. Only 300 college
students were included as sample for the study. The following demographic
variables were included in the study like Gender, Locality, Age, Discipline of
study, Medium, Course of study, and Type of institution. The study is confined
to find only the attitude of college students towards internet and English
language.

1.24 CONCLUSION
Internet is a part of technology in order to catch alternatives on every
areas at competitive environment. It provides us to get efficient and fast
information, establishing contact with everyone and to have a chance for
searching all types of data with its globalization effect. Internet facilities
contribute individual to search lonely in order to get information in a stable and
comfortable way. The study is that attitudes of students about internet by
considering their tendencies emerging with described statements to realize new
generation perspectives who are graduate and post graduate students. At this
research study, attitude scale examines the consciousness of students towards
internet and English language to the sample of students who are at three
hundred. This study is vital because of reflecting current and necessary
applications at education which is using internet and English language in an
efficient way.

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CHAPTER II
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
2.0 INTRODUCTION
The review of related literature enables the researcher to know what is
known so far and what is unknown. It helps in conceptualizing the problem,
conducting the study and interpreting the findings. It provides the background
for the development of the present study and brings the investigator who
ignores prior research and theory, chances pursuing a trivial problem
duplicating a study already done, or reporting others mistakes exists. The goal
of research contributing to the knowledge base of the field may then never be
realized. Review of related literature is a very important one to provide an
insight into the problem, to familiarize the researcher with the studies
previously done and to make the researcher to adopt suitable design.
All good research and writing is guided by a review of the relevant
literature. The literature review will be the mechanism by which your research
is viewed as a cumulative process. That makes it an integral component of the
scientific process.
2.1 NEED FOR RELATED LITERATURE
Related literature provides knowledge of previous studied so as to
eliminate duplications.
It provides background to a research project and makes the research
project and makes the researcher aware of the issues.
It provides the basis of formulating valuable research hypothesis.
It is very essential for investigator to be up to data in her information
about the literature related to his own problem already done by others.
It is considered the most important pre- requisite to actual planning
and conducting the study.
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2.2 OBJECTIVES OF RELATED LITERATURE

The review of related literature serves the following purpose in conducting
research work.
1) It provides theories, ideas, explanation or hypothesis, which may
prove useful in the formulation of a new probability.
2) It indicates whether the evidence is available solves the problem,
adequately without requiring further investigation. it avoids the
replication.
3) It provides the source for hypothesis. The researcher formulates the
hypothesis and on the basis of available studies.
4) It suggested the method, procedure, source of data statistical
techniques appropriate to the solution of the problem.
5) It locates comparative data and findings useful in the interpretation
and discussion of results. The conclusion drawn in the related studies
may be significant compared and may be used as the subject for the
findings of the study.
It helps the developing experts and general scholarship investigator in
the area investigated. It contributes towards the accurate knowledge of the
evidence or literature, in one area of activity is a good avenue towards making
oneself. This knowledge is an institution of higher learning or a research
organization.

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2.3 STUDIES RELATED TO ATTITUDE TOWARDS INTERNET

Palesh, Saltzman K, et al, (2004) did a study on Internet use and
attitudes toward illicit use of the internet in a sample of Russian college
students. The sample comprised of 198 students was recruited from a
university in Moscow. Each participant completed a survey assessing
demographic characteristics, internet use, and attitudes towards engaging in
illicit behaviors over the internet. About half of the students reported that they
used the internet at least several times a year, with 8% reporting daily use of the
internet. Among internet users, the main purpose was for school-related
activities (60%), followed by e-mail (55%), entertainment (50%), chatting
(24%), and searching for pornography .The results of this study suggest that
these Russian college students predominately use the internet to help with their
schoolwork, to communicate with others, and for entertainment. These results
also suggest that interventions may be useful to change attitudes endorsing
illicit uses of the internet.
Bashir, (2006) conducted a study on Internet Use Behaviour and
Attitude of College Students: a Survey of Leadership Colleges' Network. This
study analysed that internet is an inseparable part of today's educational system.
The academic increasingly depends on the internet for educational purposes. A
majority of academic and research institutions provide internet service to
students, teachers, and researchers (Kaur, 2008). In recent years, use of the
internet has also increased in Pakistan. Policymakers in Pakistan have given top
priority to the information and communication industry and have taken a
number of favourable steps such as establishing IT policy and investment in IT
infrastructure, fibre optic access, software technology, human resource
development, and launching of e-government projects. Internet access is
available in 1,700 cities and towns in Pakistan. In developed countries, a lot has
been written on information seeking behaviour. Such research is required for
users in Pakistan. This study is an attempt to investigate the internet use

23

behaviour and attitude of intermediate and bachelor's level students of the

Leadership Colleges network in Punjab.
Tran, Thuhang and Ward, Cheryl B. (2007) explored Student
Attitudes toward International Business and the Internet. Internet as a learning
tool in the International Business (IB) curriculum is widespread because of its
informational and multimedia benefits. This research becoming more explores
the relationship between student attitude toward the internet and toward IB
with four performance measures (i.e., objective, expected, behavioural, and
attitudinal) and affect toward international learning to determine the
effectiveness of Internet-based assignments. The results indicate that Internet
attitude did not have a significant impact on any of the performance measures
and had a negative significant relationship with international learning affect.
However IB attitude had a significant positive relationship with expected IB
grade, assignment enjoyment, and international learning affect as well as a
significant negative relationship with assignment finishing time. The
interaction effect of the two attitude measures was only positively related to
assignment enjoyment. This study shows that student IB attitude is more
pertinent than their Internet attitude when applied to student performance and
international learning affect. At best, a positive Internet attitude can amplify an
existing positive IB attitude, and at worst, it may dampen international learning
affect.
Oral, Behcet, (2008) evaluated Student Teachers' Attitudes toward
Internet and Democracy. The aims of this study were to find out (1) how
student teachers' attitudes toward Internet affect their attitudes toward
democracy, (2) how student teachers' attitudes toward democracy are in terms
of their purpose of using Internet and (3) benefits provided by the Internet. The
research is carried out in Ziya Gokalp Education Faculty at Dicle University
during 2005-2006 academic year by the participation of 440 student teachers in
total. "Likert Type Attitude Scale toward the Use of Internet," was used to
determine the student teachers' attitudes toward the Internet and "The Attitude
24

Scale toward Democracy" was used to find out the attitudes of the student
teachers toward democracy. A positive significant correlation was determined
between subscales ("using Internet in teaching," "using Internet in research,"
"liking to use internet in teaching," "using Internet in communication" and
"using Internet in sharing information") of attitude scale towards using Internet
and subscales ("inclination to democracy," "devotion to democracy and
"qualities of democracy") of attitude scale towards democracy. However, a
negative significant correlation is found between the attitudes of student
teachers toward "using Internet in teaching," "using Internet in research,"
"liking to use Internet in teaching" and "negative view to democracy."
According to student teachers' purpose of using Internet, the difference
between their attitudes towards "devotion to democracy" and "qualities of
democracy" is significant. In addition, the difference between their attitudes
toward "devotion to democracy" is significant in terms of the benefits provided
by Internet.
Rehman, Kashif-Ur- and Hunjra, et al (2009) conducted a study on
Students attitude towards the uses of internet. Internet is a useful tool for all
in a technologically advanced world. Internet use for education is very
important. It is now in practice to teach school to college to get more out of it.
In this study, the emphasis is given on the most important success factor that
investigates about Internet usage by students of the University, whether it is an
effective learning tool for students and teachers and also examines the level of
use Internet and whether the Internet is useful for distance learners. The sample
of the data is taken from the universities of the twin cities (Islamabad and
Rawalpindi). The quantitative technique for data analysis was SPSS. The
results reveal that most students find that the Internet knowledge is essential for
students and teachers. Above all respondents in the questionnaire that students
feel comfortable using the Internet and provides substantial information and
half of those surveyed felt that Internet use is difficult in school. Results show
that the Internet is easier to use then the collection of research tools, while the

25

Internet is very important. It is recommended that students should align their

potential for significant and positive use of the Internet. Further it is
recommended also to educate students to use basic Internet tools.
Chou, Chien; Wu, Huan-Chueh; et al, (2011) conducted a study on
Re-Visiting College Students' Attitudes toward the Internet-Based on a 6-T
Model Gender and Grade Level Difference. The purpose of this study was to
propose a 6-T model (Tool, Toy, Telephone, Territory, Treasure of Information,
and Trade) to explore college students' Internet-related attitudes, and to
examine whether gender and grade level make any difference in their attitudes.
Data from 1069 participants were collected from 96 Taiwanese universities and
colleges. A Confirmatory Factor Analysis validated the proposed 6-T model
and shows that it can well explain the 6-T factors. Each T's magnitude of path
coefficient shows that for these college students, the most recognized factors
were Tool and Toy, followed by Treasure of information, Territory, and Trade,
and that the least weighted factor was Telephone. Male students seem to have
had a more positive attitude toward the Internet-related Toy and Telephone
dimensions than did female students, and graduate students seem to have had a
more positive attitude toward the Internet-related Tool, Information, and Trade
dimensions than did undergraduate students. This study discusses limitations,
future research directions, and implications for college educators and
administrators.
Yang, Hui-Jen; Lay, Yun-Long (2011) explored a study on Analysing
Affecting Factors and Outcome on Intermittent Internet Pulling Behaviour in
Taiwan's Undergraduate Students. Nowadays people's lives heavily rely on
Internet facilities. Internet users generally have constant Internet connectivity
and intermittently click on sites they want to access even amidst studying or
working. In this study, we sought to examine the factors affecting intermittent
Internet pulling behaviour on undergraduate students. Furthermore, the
relationship between intermittent Internet pulling behaviour and academic
achievement was also investigated. We surveyed 508 undergraduate students by
26

questionnaire to elicit data. The results found prior network experience, peer
influence, and curiosity have separate effects on intermittent Internet pulling
behaviour, but the network efficacy does not significantly affect intermittent
Internet pulling behaviour. Additionally, intermittent Internet pulling behaviour
has a negative influence on academic achievement. Some implications for
research and practice are also highlighted in this study.
Al Otaibi, Khaled Nahes (2012) undertook a study onAttitudes
towards the Use of the Internet. This study investigated the relationship
between the attitude towards the use of the Internet and its cognitive, emotional
and behavioural components. To achieve the objective of the study, the
researcher used the scale of the attitude towards the Internet of a random
sample of students (n = 216) at Teachers College at King Saud University. The
most important result of the study is the attitude that students have towards the
positive use of the Internet. The uses of the Internet involve educational and
cultural purposes, leisure and entertainment as well as purchasing purposes.
Besides, there is the existence of significant differences at the level (0.01)
between high and low Internet users in the general attitude towards the Internet
in favour of the high users of the Internet.
Mubin, Kiyici (2012) made a study on Internet Shopping Behaviour of
College of Education Students. Internet is an important facilitator for human
and humans use this medium almost every phase. As a shopping medium,
internet attract human so attract researcher. Younger people can adapt newer
technologies so they can adapt internet as shopping tool. In this research it is
tried to define college of education students' online shopping behaviour and
online shopping activities. Research results show that male students teacher are
more familiar and have more positive attitude than female student teacher.
Teacher students, who have more monthly income and have more internet selfefficacy have positive attitude and intension to shop online. Participants who
have credit card, have more familiarity and less anxiety concerning internet
shopping.
27

Onen, Aysem Seda (2012) undertook a study on, Effects of

Educational Beliefs on Attitudes towards Using Computer Technologies . This
study, aiming to determine the relationship between pre-service teachers'
beliefs about education and their attitudes towards utilizing computers and
internet, is a descriptive study in scanning model. The sampling of the study
consisted of 270 pre-service teachers. The potential relationship between the
beliefs of pre-service teachers about education and their attitudes towards using
computers and internet was analyzed and the results were evaluated. The result
of the study concluded that there are positive significant relationships between
pre-service teachers' beliefs about education and their attitudes towards using
internet and computers. It was found that there are positive significant relations
also between the progressivism, reconstructions and existentialism subdimensions of the scale of beliefs about education and their attitudes towards
computers. Additionally, the attitudes of pre-service teachers towards using
internet and the progressivism, reconstructions and existentialism subdimensions of the scale of beliefs about education were found to have positive
significant relationships.
Abedalaziz, Chin Hai et al, (2013) conducted a study on Measuring
Attitudes toward Computer and Internet Usage among Postgraduate Students in
Malaysia. The aim of this study was to investigate and measure postgraduate
students' attitudes toward the Internet and computer use. Specifically, the
present study sought answers to the following questions: What is the overall
profile of postgraduate students' attitudes toward the Internet and computer
use? Do postgraduate students' attitudes toward Internet and computer use
differ in terms of gender? Do postgraduate students' attitudes toward the
Internet and computer use in instruction differ in terms of field of study? Do
postgraduate students' attitudes toward the Internet and computer use differ in
terms of ethnicity? Do postgraduate students' attitudes toward the Internet and
computer use differ in terms of age? A total of 289 postgraduate students
participated in this study. Attitudes scales to assess postgraduate student's

28

attitudes toward the use of Internet and computer were used. Results reveal
that: (1) participants have a high level perception of the usefulness and their
control of the computer and Internet, (2) no significant differences were found
between participants' attitudes toward the Internet and computer related with
gender, field of study, and ethnicity, and (3) postgraduate student's attitudes
toward computer and Internet usage is age related.
Gumus, Sedan (2013) undertook a study on Investigating the Factors
Affecting Information and Communication Technology (ICT) Usage of Turkish
Students in PISA 2009. Information and Communication Technology (ICT) has
become an indispensable part of the 21st century. Having basic ICT skills is
now seen as an important attribute that members of the young cohort should
possess in order to be successful in life. Thus, countries all over the world,
including Turkey, have attempted to adjust their educational policies to this
new phenomenon of ICT. In this context, this study aims to investigate the
impact of both household- and school-level factors on the ICT usage of
students in Turkey. Given the multilevel structure of the data, the hierarchical
linear modelling (HLM) method was used for statistical analyses. The results of
the analyses show that there are significant differences between schools in
terms of students' ICT usage, both for entertainment and school-related tasks.
These differences, however, are mostly explained by the household-level
factors. The only school-related factor that seems to be important for students'
ICT usage is the student's involvement in ICT-related tasks.
Srichanyachon, A. Napaporn (2013) explored a study on The Use of
Internet of EFL Learners. This study investigated attitudes toward using the
Internet as a learning tool among students at Bangkok University; students'
expectation of social networks and search engines in learning English, as well
as their perceived usefulness. It also examined their use of the Internet for
learning English. The samples were 198 undergraduate students enrolled in
Fundamental English course at Bangkok University. The instrument in this
study was a questionnaire. Results from the study indicated that the levels of
29

attitudes toward using the Internet as a learning tool and Internet use for
learning English in general were moderate. The students had positive attitudes
toward using the Internet as a learning tool. The Internet was viewed the best
method to communicate. There were no statistically significant differences at
0.05 level found in students' attitudes toward using the Internet as a learning
tool and their use of the Internet for learning English as classified by gender,
computer ownership, and monthly allowance. As hypothesized, there was a
positive relationship between students' attitudes toward using the Internet as a
learning tool and their use of the Internet for learning English at 0.01 level.
Students having more positive attitudes toward using the Internet as a learning
tool would use of the Internet for learning English more than those with less
positive attitudes.
Deatherage, Scott et al (2014) reported a study on Stress coping, and
Internet Use of College Students. This study examined College students
experience stressful life events and little research exists on the role the Internet
may play in students' coping. The purpose of the present study was to examine
associations among perceived stress, time spent on the Internet, underlying
motives for utilizing the Internet, problematic Internet use, and traditional
approaches to coping. Data were collected from 267 college seniors during
March of 2011. Participants completed an online survey containing measures of
coping, motives for utilizing the Internet, problematic online behaviour,
perceived stress, and background information. Results: Being female, avoidantemotional coping, and online motive to cope were positively associated with
perceived stress and months since most stressful life event and online motive to
enhance were negatively associated with stress. Conclusions: Professionals
working with college students will benefit from using a nuanced approach to
assessing students' online behaviour, including an assessment of underlying
motives for use.
Geer, AynurKolburan, (2014) reported A Study on Information
Search and Commitment Strategies on Web Environment and Internet Usage
30

Self-Efficacy Beliefs of University Students. This study addressed the

university students' information search and commitment strategies on web
environment and internet usage self-efficacy beliefs in terms of such variables
as gender, department, grade level and frequency of internet use; and whether
there is a significant relation between these beliefs. Descriptive method was
used in the study. Study group is composed of students attending the first and
fourth degrees in several departments at Kocaeli University. Data collected
regarding university students' information search and commitment strategies on
web environment and internet usage self-efficacy beliefs were analysed using
descriptive statistics, t test and Pearson correlation coefficient. The research
results indicate that students' scores on "elaboration" strategy in the Web
environment and scores of self-efficacy regarding Internet use were at the
intermediate level. Students' educational Internet use self-efficacy beliefs are
moderate according to the highest and lowest points of the survey. The analyses
found that there was a relation between Internet use self-efficacy beliefs and
information search and commitments strategies within the Web environment. A
positive, although low-level, relationship was found between the "elaboration"
factor, which is one of the one sub-factors of search and commitment among
the information strategies in a Web environment, and self-efficacy with respect
to Internet use.
Oktem, M. Kemal et al (2014) made a study onThe Usage of EGovernance Applications by Higher Education Students. This study aimed to
analyse the factors affecting the Internet usage of university students using egovernance applications. It is important to examine these factors to understand
why the online citizen participation is not increasing as expected, while
Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) usage is improving in
governance. Governance is an understanding that aims to provide more
efficient and effective government applications. It consists of constructing
interactive relationships between governments and citizens. New information
and communication technologies (ICTs) provide interactive opportunities to

31

citizens. The methodology of this study consists of data collected by a survey

of 328 university students of Hacettepe University between 2011 and 2012. The
sample is taken from six colleges of this university. Our results show that
factors affecting the usage of e-governance applications are mainly related to
the Internet usage variables rather than socio-economic status of students.
Internet security, Internet usage level, Internet usage ability, and Internet usage
tendencies are independent variables that have significant effects on the
solution of the problem of improving ICTs usage in the processes of
governance.

2.4 STUDIES RELATED TO ATTITUDE TOWARDS ENGLISH

LANGUAGE
Qashoa (2006) undertook a study on 1) examining the students
instrumental and integrative motivation for learning English, and 2)
recognizing the factors affecting learners motivation among secondary school
students in Dubai. Two research tools were used: questionnaire and
interviews. The sample, for the questionnaire, consisted of 100 students. For
the interviews, on the other hand, the sample included 20 students, 10 Arab
English teachers and 3 supervisors. The results revealed that students have a
higher degree of instrumentality than integrativeness. In addition, the findings
indicated that difficulties with the subject (English) aspects such as vocabulary,
structures and spelling were found to be the most demotivating factors for the
students.
Young, Ming Yee Carissa (2006) explored, Macao Students' Attitudes
toward English.This study described a survey that assessed the attitudes
toward English among university students in Macao five years after it reunited
with the People's Republic of China and ceased to be a Portuguese colony. A
group of 144 Macao-born and 197 Mainland-born Chinese students studying in
a university in Macao were surveyed using a 22-item questionnaire. The results
reveal students' strong motivation to learn English and readiness to use English
32

as a medium of instruction. Mean comparisons using "t-tests" indicate that the

Macao-born students are, compared to their Mainland-born counterparts, less
comfortable in speaking English and less certain of whether or not Portuguese
is superior to English. These differences might lie partly in the remaining
influence of Portuguese as the sole official language of Macao over the past
four centuries and partly in the lack of long-term language policy and English
learning campaigns in Macao.
Ling, Cheung Yin; Braine, George (2007) examined the The
Attitudes of University Students towards Non-Native Speakers English
Teachers in Hong Kong. Although non-native speakers (NNS) English
teachers have taught alongside native speaker (NS) teachers for centuries,
studies on the effectiveness of NNS teachers, their self-perceptions, or the
attitudes of students towards these teachers, have only been conducted recently.
Most of these studies have been conducted in the USA in ESL contexts.
However, the majority of students worldwide learn English in foreign language
(EFL) contexts, and, consequently, most English teachers work in such
contexts too. This paper reports on a study conducted in Hong Kong which
investigated the attitudes of university students towards their NNS English
teachers. The students were queried through a questionnaire and interviews. On
the whole, the students had a favourable attitude towards their NNS English
teachers, although some shortcomings were indicated. Third (final) year
students appeared to have a more favourable attitude than first year students.
The reasons for the students' attitudes are discussed.
Abu-Melhim, Abdel-Rahman (2009) aimed to study on what attitudes
college students at Irbid University college in Jordan have towards learning
English as a foreign language. The 45 female students involved in this project
were from Irbid University College. The students were asked to explain why
they wished to become English teachers. Notes were taken during these
interviews and the responses were recorded. A student survey was designed and
distributed to all 45 female students at the college and detailed instructions
33

were given. The students' reasons for studying English revealed a wide array of
attitudes and motivations. Surprisingly, almost half of the students exhibited
negative attitudes towards learning English and entering the teaching
profession. Other students demonstrated more positive attitudes.
Atef Al-Tamimi, MunirShuib (2009) reported a study on Motivation
and Attitudes towards Learning English: A Study of Petroleum Engineering
Undergraduates. This study outlined the results of a survey which was carried
out, to identify Petroleum Engineering students motivation and attitudes
towards learning the English language. The study investigated students
motivation in terms of three motivational constructs: instrumental motivation,
integrative motivation and personal motivation based on Gardners (1985) and
Cooper and Fishmans (1977) works. Learners attitudes, on the other hand,
regarding 1) the use of English in the Yemeni social context, 2) the use of
English in the Yemeni educational context, 3) the English language and 4) the
culture of the English speaking world were identified. The study sample
consisted of 81 petroleum engineering students at Hadhramout University of
Sciences and Technology (HUST). Questionnaire and interviews were used for
data collection. For the students motivation, the findings showed the subjects
greater support of instrumental reasons for learning the English language
including utilitarian and academic reasons. Personal reasons were also regarded
as important motives by the students. However, regarding the integrative
reasons, the results provided evidence that learning English as a part of the
culture of its people had the least impact in students English language
motivation. On the other hand, data for the students attitudes revealed that
most of students had positive attitudes towards the social value and educational
status of English. In addition, the findings showed the students positive
orientation toward the English language. Interestingly, the results indicated that
a high number of the students showed their interest in the culture of the English
speaking world as represented by English-language films. Finally, some

34

pedagogical implications that would help tap the students motivation and
attitudes were presented.
Mehmet Nuri Gomleksiz (2011) evaluated students attitudes toward
English language learning in terms of several variables. Age, socio-economic
status, strategies, methods and techniques, teaching-learning environment and
cultural dimension are some of the factors that affect English language
learning. Attitudes towards language learning should also be taken into
consideration. The purpose of this study is to explore students attitudes
towards learning English in terms of gender, grade level and department
variables. Data were collected through a Likert-type scale from a total of 1275
students enrolled at Frat University, Turkey. ANOVA and t test were used to
analyze the data. Statistically significant differences were observed in terms of
gender, grade level and department variables. Some useful implications are
discussed based on the research findings to help students develop positive
attitude towards English language learning.
Gutierrez Parez and Daniel Madrid Fernandez (2012) explored
Attitudes of Mexican American Students towards Learning English as a
Second Language in a Structured Immersion Program. This study involved the
examination of the attitudes of a group of Mexican American students towards
learning English as a second language in a structured immersion program. It
also analyzes the extent to which these attitudes differ in relation to the
variables of gender and performance in English. Participants were 110 students
(girls, n = 56, boys, n = 54) in grades 8-12 in the Compton Unified School
District (California, USA). One noteworthy finding of this study is the
appearance of a general factor that defines the homogeneous structure of the
instruments used in the assessment of student attitudes toward second language
learning. In addition, a further factor, which the authors have termed pressure
to learn English was also identified. This factor is manifested in a high
average correlation of all variables. It reveals the motivation to learn a second
language in the context of vital necessity where learning English is a key
35

element for the integration in a territory in which the use of Spanish is

prohibited by law.
Mobarg, Mats (2012) examinedEnglish Proficiency and Attitude
Formation in a Merged Corporation with a Swedish-English Profile. This
study investigated the relationship between proficiency in English and
language-related attitudes among Swedish professionals at the Englishspeaking AstraZeneca R&D site in Monad, Sweden. AstraZeneca is the result
of a merger between a Swedish and a British pharmaceutical company, and the
aim of the study is to see to what extent their relative proficiency in English
may be related to attitude formation among Swedish workers in the new
corporate setting. The results indicate that there is a correlation between good
proficiency in English and a favorable attitude towards the merger and its
consequences. The results are interpreted as indicating that subjectively
perceived cultural problems in a multinational corporate setting may be a
reflection of language deficiencies.
Srichanyachon, A. Napaporn (2013) investigatedAttitudes of
Undergraduate Students towards an Online English Class. This study
investigated students' attitude toward WebEx system. It aimed to examine
students' attitudes toward using WebEx for an online English class, compare
students' attitudes toward WebEx system with their background and investigate
the relationship between students' computer aptitude and their attitudes towards
WebEx system. The samples were 211 undergraduate students enrolled in
Fundamental English course. The instrument in this study was a questionnaire.
Results indicated that the levels of computer aptitude and attitudes towards
WebEx system in general were moderate. There were no statistically significant
differences at 0.05 level found in students' attitudes toward WebEx system as
classified by gender, computer ownership, and monthly allowance. As
hypothesized, there was a positive relationship between students' computer
aptitude and their attitudes toward WebEx at 0.01 levels. Students with high
computer aptitude were found to have more positive attitudes toward WebEx
36

system than those with low computer aptitude. The research was done during
the flood crisis. Thus, it is interesting to find out whether an English online
class through WebEx system will be more accepted by users in the future,
especially in a normal circumstance after the flood crisis. Nevertheless, the
results of this study will give some ideas to institutions that plan to use online
learning technologies.
Gajalakshmi (2013) explored High School Students Attitude towards
Learning English Language. A study was attempted to investigate the IXstandard students attitude towards learning English language. A standardized
questionnaire was administered in the form of normative survey to 600 IX
standard students (selected randomly from various high and higher secondary
schools in Puducherry region) to collect their attitude towards learning English
language. The collected data was statistically analyzed by SPSS ver-16. The
results revealed that there is a significant difference based on the gender,
locality of the school, type of school, type of management. Hence it was
concluded that more classroom activities in the study of English enhance
pupils attitude to learn English.
VijayaBhaskar. C and Soundiraraj.S (2013) undertook a study
onChange in the Attitude of Students towards English Language Learning.
The purpose of this study was to find out whether there was any change in the
attitude of students towards English Language Learning (ELL) when they come
for college education after completing the school education. The transformation
in the attitude of students from school to college was examined in terms of
marks, interest towards English language, self- motivation to learn the
language, participation in the class, understanding the importance of English in
securing a job and learner-centered language teaching methods that ensure
more freedom to the learners. About 52 first year Mechanical Engineering
students from Tamil medium stream took part in this research. To examine their
shift in attitude towards ELL, an attitude questionnaire was administered and a
semi-structured interview was conducted. The findings or result of the study
37

indicated that there was a significant shift in their attitude towards ELL at their
college level.
Xue, Mo (2013) examined the Effects of Group Work on English
Communicative Competence of Chinese International Graduates in United
States Institutions of Higher Education. This qualitative study investigated 14
Chinese international graduate students' lived experiences with group work and
the effects of group work on their English communicative competence. The
interview results showed that these participants' attitudes towards group work
went through changes from initial in adaptation or dislike to later adaptation or
acceptance, and the time for their adjustment ranged from half a year to one
year. The results also revealed that group work greatly improved their English
communicative competence in terms of grammatical competence,
sociolinguistic competence, and strategic competence.
DeepamoniBoruah (2014) investigated on Attitude of undergraduate
Adivasi Students towards English language. Attitudes in the study of
language, play a significant role in giving due recognition to a particular
language. Positive or negative expression towards a language may reflect
impressions on linguistics difficulty or simplicity, ease or difficulty of learning,
degree of importance, elegance, social status etc. Attitude towards a language
may also show how people feel about the speaker of that language. People may
hold different attitudes towards their mother tongue and other language in
contact. A language can only survive if people have a positive attitude to use it.
Favorable attitude to language help the learners to learn that language and vice
versa. English as a global language plays an important role in India and it is
gaining more and more significance in all fields including business and
administration. It has become an effective source of empowerment that pave
the way for holistic development in ones life. English is taught as a
compulsory subject to all the first year students of Indira Gandhi National tribal
university, M.P, one of the main objectives of which is to promote the tribal
communities by providing higher education. Since, attitude towards any
38

language is pivotal for any language learning situation, a study has been
conducted to investigate the attitude of the undergraduate tribal students of the
University towards English language.
Graedler, Anne-Line (2014) studiedAttitudes towards English in
Norway: A Corpus-Based Study of Attitudinal Expressions in Newspaper
Discourse. This study explored some dimensions of how the role of the
English language in Norway has been discursively constructed in newspapers
during recent years, based on the analysis of data from the five-year period
2008-2012. The analysis is conducted using a specialized corpus containing
3,743 newspaper articles which were subjected to corpus-based macro-analyses
and techniques, as well as manual micro-level analyses and categorization. The
main focus of the analysis is on the manifestation of attitudes through various
ways of expression, such as the occurrence of lexical sequences and conceptual
metaphors related to language. The results show that even though positive
perceptions of English were quite frequent in the data, the main part consisted
of expressions where English is seen in a negative light. Hence, a fairly
negative attitude towards the role of English is predominant, as illustrated by
the most frequent conceptual metaphor, "language is an invading force," where
English is at war with and seen as representing a threat to the Norwegian
language.
Ozturk, Kadim (2014) exploredStudents' Attitudes and Motivation for
Learning English at DokuzEylul University School of Foreign Languages.
Attitudes and motivation are two of the key factors in second language learning
since positive attitudes and high levels of motivation are considered as the
predictors of a successful learning process. This study aims to reveal the
relation between university preparatory students' attitudes towards learning
English and their language learning motivation at DEU School of Foreign
Languages and to identify the factors which result in the differences in both
their attitudes and motivations. This is a descriptive study with a quantitative
approach. The data have been collected via the Attitudes towards Leaning
39

English Questionnaire and Language Learning Motivation Scale from 511 prep
class students at DokuzEylul University, School of Foreign Languages. The
data have been analyzed with means, frequency, multiple comparisons, Pearson
correlation coefficient, t-test and One-way ANOVA. The results show that there
is a significant positive relation between the learners' attitudes towards learning
English and their language learning motivation at DokuzEylul University,
School of Foreign Languages. Additionally, it has been found that both their
attitudes and their language learning motivation vary significantly in terms of
some factors.
Yeh, Chun-Chun (2014) examinedTaiwanese Students' Experiences
and Attitudes towards English-Medium Courses in Tertiary Education. The
recent trend of university internationalization has seen a rapid increase of
English as medium of instruction (EMI) courses in Taiwanese tertiary
education. Yet, few large-scale studies have been conducted to investigate
student learning in EMI courses. This study surveyed 476 students from 25
EMI courses at six universities in Taiwan to probe their learning experiences
and general attitudes towards EMI courses. Results revealed that the instructor
exerted an important influence on students' course selection, while seeking
English improvement was the second highest-rated reason for enrolling in EMI
courses. Students generally reported their learning in EMI courses as
satisfactory, though some of them attributed their learning difficulties to their
own insufficient English competence. To compensate for comprehension
problems, students tended to adopt cognitive learning strategies such as
concentrating and taking notes in class. Finally, the survey of student attitudes
towards EMI suggested that students generally agreed with its broadly touted
benefits, such as boosting English ability, facilitating students' employability
and further studies, and enhancing the competitive edge of Taiwan. Analysis
into students' affective responses also indicated their fairly positive attitudes
towards EMI courses. Three implications are drawn based on the findings.

2.5 CONCLUSION
40

In this chapter theoretical overview and review of related literature have

been considered. The review of related studies has been helpful to the
investigator to formulate the research design, identification of variables. On the
whole the review has given the investigator a sound knowledge of all aspects. It
also suggests the investigator the possible and flexible techniques and
procedures to plan and apply during the current study.

41

CHAPTER III
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
3.0 INTRODUCTION
Research methodology involves the systematic procedure by which the
researcher starts from the initial identification of the problem to the problem to
its final conclusions. The role of the methodology is to carry on the research
work in a scientific and valid manner. The methodology consists of procedures
and techniques for conducting a study.
Reduced to the simple terms, research design is mapping strategy. It is
essentially a statement of the object of the inquiry and the strategies for
collecting the evidences, analyzing the evidences and reporting the findings.

3.1 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

The statement of the problem is entitled as ATTITUDE TOWARDS
INTERNET AND ENGLISH LANGUAGE AMONG COLLEGE STUDENTS.

3.2 OPERATIONAL DEFINITIONS

Students attitude towards internet
In the present study students attitude towards internet refers to, the
psychological behavior of students i.e. their anxiousness, comfortability,
confident and the feel of happiness while using computer or communicating
with others through internet.
Students attitude towards English language
In the current study, students attitude towards English refers to,
students perception and impression of English language, global status and
importance of English language, the instrumental value of English language
and students choice of English language in various domains.
42

3.3 OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY

The objectives of the study are
to find the difference among the college students in their attitudes
towards internet based on select variables viz. Gender, locality, age,
type of institution, medium of instruction, course of study, and
discipline of study.
to find the difference among the college students in their attitudes
towards English based on the select variables viz. Gender, locality, age,
type of institution, medium of instruction, course of study, and
discipline of study.
to discover the relationship between the college students attitude
towards internet and towards English language.

3.4 HYPOTHESES OF THE STUDY

The hypotheses of the present study are as follows;
There is no significant difference in the attitude towards internet among
college students based on the select subsamples viz. Gender, locality,
age, type of institution, medium of instruction, course of study, and
discipline of study.
There is no significant difference in the attitude towards English
language among college students based on the select subsamples viz.
Gender, locality, age, type of institution, medium of instruction, course
of study, discipline of study.
There is no relationship between the students attitude towards internet
and towards English language.

3.5 METHODOLOGY
43

Normative survey method was adopted for the present study. Normative
survey method describes and interprets what exists at present. They are
concerned with existing conditions or relations, prevailing practices, beliefs,
attitudes etc., on-going processes and the emerging trends. The term survey
and status suggest the gathering of evidence relating to prevailing conditions.

3.6 SAMPLING TECHNIQUE

A method of sampling that involves the division of a population into smaller
groups known as strata. In stratified random sampling, the strata are formed based
on members' shared attributes or characteristics. A random sample from each
stratum is taken in a number proportional to the stratum's size when compared to
the population.

Stratified random sampling is used. The sample of the study consists

of 300 college students from the Government, Government aided, and self financing colleges in Salem District. The following demographic variables
were included in the study like Gender, Locality, Age, Discipline of study,
Medium, Course of study, and Type of institution.

3.7 DETAILS OF THE SAMPLE

In this study, a total number of 300 college students were taken as sample. The
sample is categorized as shown in the following table.

44

TABLE: 1 DISTRIBUTION OF SAMPLE SELECTED FOR THE

PRESENT STUDY
SL.NO

GROUPS

NUMBER OF
SAMPLE

Male

131

Female

169

Below 19 years

139

Above 19 years

161

Rural

127

Urban

173

Government

200

Government Aided

78

Self Financing

22

Tamil Medium

208

English Medium

92

Undergraduate

258

Postgraduate

42

VARIABLES

Gender

Age

Locality

Type of Institution

Medium

Course of Study

45

Arts

139

Science

161

Discipline of study

46

TABLE: 2 SHOWING THE SAMPLE DISTRIBUTION OF MALE

AND FEMALE COLLEGE STUDENTS

VARIABL
E

DETAILS

NO.OF
SAMPLE

PERCENTAG
E

Male

131

44%

Gender

TOTAL
NO.OF
SAMPLE

300
Female

169

56%

FIGURE-3 SAMPLE DISTRIBUTION OF MALE AND FEMALE

COLLEGE STUDENTS

Male

Female

44%
56%

47

48

VARIABLE

DETAILS

NO.OF
SAMPLE

PERCENTAG
E

Rural

127

42%

Locality

TOTAL NO.OF
SAMPLE

300
Urban

173

58%

TABLE- 3 SHOWING THE SAMPLE DISTRIBUTION OF RURAL

AND URBAN COLLEGE STUDENTS

Rural

Urban

42%

58%

FIGURE-4

SAMPLE DISTRIBUTION OF RURAL AND URBAN COLLEGE

STUDENTS

49

TABLE- 4 SHOWING THE SAMPLE DISTRIBUTION OF

BELOW AND ABOVE 19 YEARS OF AGE OF COLLEGE
STUDENTS

VARIABLE

DETAILS

NO.OF
SAMPLE

PERCENTAGE

Below 19
years

139

46%

Age

TOTAL NO.OF
SAMPLE

300
Above 19
years

161

54%

FIGURE -5 SAMPLE DISTRIBUTION OF COLLEGE STUDENTS

OF BELOW AND ABOVE 19 YEARS OF AGE

Below 19

Above 19

46%
54%

50

TABLE: 5 SHOWING THE SAMPLE DISTRIBUTION OF GOVERNMENT,

GOVERNMENT-AIDED AND SELF FINANCING COLLEGE STUDENTS

VARIABLE

Institution
Type

DETAILS

NO.OF
SAMPLE

PERCENTAG
E

Government

200

67%

Government
Aided

78

26%

Self-Finance

22

7%

TOTAL NO.OF
SAMPLE

300

FIGURE-6 SAMPLE DISTRIBUTION OF GOVERNMENT,

GOVERNMENT-AIDED AND SELFFINANCING COLLEGE

STUDENTS

51

7%
26%
67%

Govt

Govt Aided

Self Finance

52

TABLE: 6 SHOWING THE SAMPLE DISTRIBUTION OF

ENGLISH AND TAMIL MEDIUM COLLEGE STUDENTS

VARIABLE

DETAILS

NO.OF
SAMPLE

PERCENTAG
E

English

208

69%

Medium of
Instruction

TOTAL NO.OF
SAMPLE

300
Tamil

92

31%

FIGURE-7 SAMPLE DISTRIBUTION OF ENGLISH AND TAMIL

MEDIUM COLLEGE STUDENTS

31%

English

Tamil

69%

53

VARIABL
E

Course of
Study

DETAILS

NO.OF
SAMPLE

PERCENTAG
E

Under
graduate
degree

258

86%

Postgraduate

42

TOTAL
NO.OF
SAMPLE

300
14%

TABLE: 7 SHOWING THE SAMPLE DISTRIBUTION OF UG

AND PG COLLEGE STUDENTS

FIGURE-8 SAMPLE DISTRIBUTION OF UG AND PG COLLEGE

STUDENTS

UG

PG

14%

86%

54

TABLE: 8 SHOWING THE SAMPLE DISTRIBUTION OF ARTS

AND SCIENCE DISCIPLINE COLLEGE STUDENTS

VARIABLE

DETAILS

NO.OF
SAMPLE

PERCENTAG
E

Arts

139

46%

Discipline
of study

TOTAL NO.OF
SAMPLE

300
Science

161

54%

FIGURE: 9 SAMPLE DISTRIBUTION OF ARTS AND SCIENCE

COLLEGE STUDENTS

Arts

Science

46%
54%

55

56

3.8 TOOLS USED IN THE STUDY

For students attitude towards internet Internet Attitude Scale (IAS)
constructed by Yixin Zhang (USA) 2007 was used in this study.
Five point Likert scale measuring, Students attitude towards English
language which was constructed by S.K.Abdullah al Mamun et al
(2012) was used in this study.

3.9 DESCRIPTION OF THE TOOLS

The purpose of the Internet attitude scale is to measure the attitude of college
students towards internet. It has 40 items, in four point scale.[SD-Strongly
Disagree, D-Disagree, A-Agree, SA-Strongly Agree]. It is a single dimensional
scale.
The five point scale measuring students attitude towards, English language has
17 items given in 3 dimensions. The dimensions are
Students perception and impression about English and their
responses about liking and disliking of English language (6
statements).
Opinion on global status, importance and instrumental value of
English language (6 statements).
Choice of English Language in media domain, office domain, and in
education domain (5 statements).

3.10 PILOT STUDY

Pilot study is a cardinal rule in research that one must try out or to find out
whether it operates properly before using it in a research study. The following
are some of the objectives of a pilot study.
To identify weak and defective items.
To find out the discriminating items.

57

 To provide data needed to determine how many items should

constitute the final form of the tool.
The pilot study was conducted for 30 college students. No time limit
was specified. All the students were asked to answer all the items in the scale.
During the scoring process, it was found that all the items were relevant and the
tools were used as such.

3.11 VALIDITY
Validity refers to the appropriateness or truthfulness of a tool. A tool is
valid if it actually measures what it is supposed to measure. The tools were
given for the experts for their opinions and suggestions. Thus the tool had face
validity.

3.12 RELIABILITY
Reliability refers to the trust worthiness or consistency of the
measurement of the tool, whatever it measures. To test the reliability of the
tools, the researcher followed split-half technique.
The value of self-correlation of the split of test for Internet Attitude Scale is
0.78 and for Attitude Scale for English language was 0.75.Hence the tools were
highly reliable.

3.13 SCORING PROCEDURE

Scale measuring Students Attitude towards Internet. All the items in the tool
are positive items and the scores were given as,

58

TABLE: 9 SHOWING THE SCORING PROCEDURE FOR

INTERNET ATTITUDE SCALE
Sl.No

Response

Score

Strongly Agree

Agree

Disagree

Strongly disagree

Maximum score for Internet Attitude Scale is 160, and Minimum score for the
scale is 40.
TABLE: 10 SHOWING THE SCORING PROCEDURE OF THE SCALE
OF STUDENTS ATTITUDE TOWARDS ENGLISH LANGUAGE

Scale measuring Students Attitude towards English language. The scores were
given as
Sl.No

Response

Score

Strongly Agree

Agree

Neutral

Disagree

59

Strongly disagree

Maximum score for Attitude towards English language Scale is 68, and
Minimum score is 17.

3.14 ADMINISTRATION OF THE TOOL

The investigator visited all the colleges selected for the study and got
permission from the head of the institution to administer the tool. The investigator
distributed the tool to the sample and proper directions were given to make their
answers reliable. College students were asked to give their responses.

3.15 STATISTICAL TECHNIQUE USED

The following statistical technique was used for the study.
Descriptive analysis
Inferential analysis
For descriptive analysis mean and standard deviation were found and for
inferential, F and r test were used for analysis.

3.16 RESEARCH DESIGN

The investigator gathered data from 300 college students from
government, government aided and self-financing colleges. Steps involved in
the research design are shown below.
STEPS INVOLVED IN RESEARCH DESIGN

Identification of problem

60

Selection of Variables
Formulation of hypothesis

Identification of the sample

Collection of Data

Analysis of Data

Reporting the findings

3.17 CONCLUSION
The methodology provides the guidelines for the research about the way
the study has to be conducted. It is imperative to adopt a suitable methodology;
there by we can generalize the findings. In this chapter a clear description about
the variables, tools, sample, method of data collection and the statistical
techniques were employed to analyze the data have been presented carefully.

61

CHAPTER- IV
ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION
4.0 INTRODUCTION
The present chapter deals with analysis and interpretation of the data.
Analysis of data means studying the tabulated materials in order to determine
the inherent facts or meanings. It is a process which involves breaking down
existing complex factors into simpler part and putting the parts together in new
arrangements for the purpose of the study and presents the results in an
organized meaningful form.
The purpose of the interpretation is essentially stating what the results
show, what they mean what their significance is and what the answer to the
original problem. This process calls for a critical examination of the results of
ones analysis in the light of this or has previous analysis concerning the
collection of data.

4.1 STATISTICAL ANALYSIS USED

In accordance with the objectives of the present study, the data was
gathered, tabulated, classified and analyzed statistically and objectively. The
study involves two main variables namely Attitude towards Internet and

62

Attitude towards English language. The final sample of the study consists of
300 College Students.
The following statistical techniques were used for the analysis
Descriptive Analysis
Inferential Analysis

4.2 DESCRIPTIVE ANALYSIS

It involves the measures of central tendency and measures of variability.
These two are useful to study the nature of the distribution of any variable. The
computed values of mean and standard deviation are used to describe the
properties of the particular sample and the descriptive statistics is used to
reduce the bulk of data to students.

4.3 INFERENTIAL ANALYSIS

It involves the most important process by which the investigator is able
to make inferences involving the determination of the statistical significance of
difference between groups with reference to selected variable.

63

TABLE: 11 SHOWING MEAN DIFFERENCES OF STUDENTS

ATTITUDE TOWARDS INTERNET

Sl.No

Demographic
variable

Category

Mean

S.D

Male

131

64.1

6.45

Female

169

62.25

8.38

Rural

127

64.44

5.79

Urban

173

62.05

8.64

English

208

64.24

6.26

Tamil

92

60.39

9.62

Below 19 years

139

63.94

6.55

Above 19 years

161

62.29

8.42

Government

200

63.02

7.78

Government
Aid

78

63.43

7.22

Self-Financing

22

61.59

8.22

Undergraduate

258

63.67

6.93

Gender

Locality

Medium

Age

Institutional
Type

Course of

64

Study

Discipline of
study

Postgraduate

42

59.33

10.44

Arts

139

62.85

8.88

Science

161

63.24

6.41

While considering students attitude towards internet, male students have

higher mean value than female students. Male students have 64.1 as
their mean score which is higher than the female.
The mean score of rural college students had higher positive attitude
towards internet when comparing to the urban students. Rural students
have 64.44 as their mean score which is higher than the urban students.
The college students who were below 19 years of age attained greatest
mean value than the students above 19 years. Rural students have 63.94
as their mean score which is higher than the urban students.
Tamil medium students have high mean score than the English medium
students. English medium students have 64.24 as their mean score which
is higher than the urban college students.
The mean score of UG Students had higher mean value than PG
students. UG students have 63.67 as their mean score which is higher
than the PG students.
The mean score of science discipline students had higher mean score
than the arts discipline students. Science students have 63.24 as their
mean score which is higher than the Arts college students.

65

4.4 HYPOTHESIS-1
Male and Female college students do not differ in their attitude towards
internet.
TABLE: 12 SHOWING MEAN DIFFERENCES OF MALE AND FEMALE
STUDENTS ATTITUDE TOWARDS INTERNET

VARIABLE

Attitude
Towards
Internet

GENDE
R

MEA
N

S.D

Male

131

64.10

6.45

Female

169

62.25

CALCULATE
D 'T' VALUE

LEVEL OF
SIGNIFICANC
E

2.09

S*

8.38

*S Significant at 0.05 Level

As the calculated t value is greater than the table value,significant
difference is noted . Hence the hypothesis is not accepted.

CONCLUSION
Male and female college students differ in their attitude towards internet.

66

FIGURE: 10 SHOWING MEAN DIFFERENCES OF MALE AND

FEMALE COLLEGE STUDENTS ATTITUDE TOWARDS INTERNET

GENDER
64.5
64.1
64
63.5
63
62.5
62.25
62
61.5
61
Male

Female

67

4.4.1 HYPOTHESIS-2
Rural and UrbanCollege students do not differ in their attitude
towardsinternet.
TABLE: 13 SHOWING MEAN DIFFERENCES OF RURAL AND URBAN
STUDENTS ATTITUDE TOWARDS INTERNET.

VARIABLE

Attitude
Towards
Internet

LOCALITY

MEAN

S.D

Rural

127

64.44

5.79

Urban

173

62.05

CALCULATED
'T' VALUE

LEVEL OF
SIGNIFICANCE

2.70

S*

8.64

S* Significant at 0.05 level

As the calculated t value is greater than the table value,their significant
difference is noted . Hence the hypothesis is not accepted.

CONCLUSION
Rural and UrbanCollege students differ in their attitude towards internet.

68

FIGURE: 11 MEAN DIFFERENCES OF RURAL AND URBAN

STUDENTS ATTITUDE TOWARDS INTERNET

LOCALITY
65
64.5
64.44
64
63.5
63
62.5
62.05

62
61.5
61
60.5
Rural

Urban

69

4..4.2 HYPOTHESIS-3
English and Tamil medium college students do not differ in their attitude
towards internet.
TABLE: 14 SHOWING THE MEAN DIFFERENCES OF ENGLISH AND
TAMIL MEDIUM STUDENTS ATTITUDE TOWARDS INTERNET

VARIABLE

Attitude
Towards
Internet

MEDIUM OF
INSTRUCTIO
N

English
Tamil

MEAN

208 64.24
92

60.39

S.D

CALCULATE
D 'T' VALUE

LEVEL OF
SIGNIFICANC
E

4.12

S*

6.26
9.62

S* Significant at 0.05 level

As the calculated t value is greater than the table value, their significant
difference is noted . Hence the hypothesis is not accepted.

CONCLUSION
English and Tamil medium students differ in their attitude towards
internet.

70

FIGURE: 12 MEAN DIFFERENCES OFENGLISH AND TAMIL

MEDIUM STUDENTS ATTITUDE TOWARDS INTERNET

MEDIUM OF INSTRUCTION
65
64.24
64
63
62
61
60.39

60
59
58
English

Tamil

71

4.4.3 HYPOTHESIS-4
College students do not differ in their attitude of different age groups
towardsinternet.
TABLE: 15 SHOWING THE MEAN DIFFERENCES OF STUDENTS OF
BELOW AND ABOVE 19 YEARS OF AGE IN THEIR ATTITUDE TOWARDS
INTERNET

VARIABLE

Attitude
Towards
Internet

AGE

MEAN

S.D

Below 19
years

139

63.94

6.55

Above 19
years

161

62.29

CALCULAT
ED 'T'
VALUE

LEVEL OF
SIGNIFICANC
E

1.87

NS

8.42

NS Not Significant
As the calculated t value is lesser than the table value, significant
difference is not noted. Hence the hypothesis is accepted.

CONCLUSION
College students do not differ in their attitude of different age groups
towards internet.

72

FIGURE:13 MEAN DIFFERENCES OF BELOW AND ABOVE 19

YEARS OF AGE OFCOLLEGE STUDENTS ATTITUDE TOWARDS
INTERNET

AGE GROUP
64.5
64
63.94
63.5
63
62.5

62.29

62
61.5
61
Below 19years of age

Above 19 years of age

73

4.4.4 HYPOTHESIS-5
Undergraduate and postgraduate college students do not differ in their attitude
towardsinternet.
TABLE :16 SHOWING THE MEAN DIFFERENCES OF UG AND PG
STUDENTS ATTITUDE TOWARDS INTERNET

VARIABLE

COURSE OF
STUDY

MEAN

S.D

UG

258

63.67

6.93

Attitude
Towards
Internet

PG

42

59.33

CALCULAT
ED 'T'
VALUE

LEVEL OF
SIGNIFICANC
E

3.47

S*

10.44

S*-Significant at 0.05 Level

As the calculated t value is greater than the table value,their significant
differences are noted.Hence the hypothesis is not accepted.

CONCLUSION
Undergraduate and postgraduate college students differ in their attitude
towards internet.

74

FIGURE: 14 MEAN DIFFERENCES OF UG AND PG STUDENTS

ATTITUDE TOWARDS INTERNET

COURSE OF STUDY
65
64
63.67
63
62
61
60
59.33

59
58
57
UG

PG

75

4.4.5 HYPOTHESIS-6
Arts and Science college students do not differ in their attitude towards
internet.
TABLE: 17 SHOWING THE MEAN DIFFERRENCES OF ARTS AND
SCIENCE COLLEGE STUDENTS ATTITUDE TOWARDS INTERNET

VARIABLE

Attitude
Towards
Internet

DISCIPLINE
OF STUDY

Arts
Science

MEAN

139 62.85
161 63.24

S.D

CALCULATED
'T' VALUE

LEVEL OF
SIGNIFICANC
E

0.44

NS

8.88
6.41

S-Significant,NS Not Significant

As the calculated t value is lesser than the table value,no significant
differences is noted .Hence the hypothesis is accepted.
CONCLUSION
Arts and Science college students do not differ in their attitude towards
internet.

76

FIGURE: 15 MEAN DIFFERENCES OF ARTS AND SCIENCE

DISCIPLINE STUDENTS IN THEIR ATTITUDE TOWARDS
INTERNET

DISCIPLINE OF STUDY
63.3
63.24

63.2
63.1
63
62.9
62.85
62.8
62.7
62.6
Arts

Science

77

4.4.6 HYPOTHESIS-7
There is no interaction between the college students attitude towards internet
based on the type of institution they study.
The students were divided into three groups based on their institution namely
Government, Govt aided and Private.
TABLE: 18

SHOWING THE F VALUE OF COLLEGE STUDENTS

ATTITUDE TOWARDS INTERNET BASED ON THE TYPE OF

INSTITUTION THEY STUDY

ANOVA

ATTITUDE
TOWARDS
INTERNET

SUM OF
SQUARES

DF

MEAN
SQUARE

Between Groups

58.579

29.289

Within Groups

17435.218

297

58.704

Total

17493.797

299

SIG.

0.499

NS

S-Significant, NS- Not Significant

As the calculated f value is lesser than the table value, no significant
difference is noted, hence the hypothesis is accepted.

CONCLUSION
There is no interaction between the college students attitude towards
internet based on their type of institution.
78

TABLE: 19 SHOWING MEAN DIFFERENCES AND STANDARD

DEVIATION OF COLLEGE STUDENTS ATTITUDE TOWARDS ENGLISH
LANGUAGE

DEMOGRAPHIC VARIABLES

MEAN

S.D

Male

131

114.32

11.489

Female

169

111.45

11.76

Rural

127

114.99

9.26

Urban

173

111.03

12.99

English

208

114.19

11.14

Tamil

92

109.34

12.31

Below 19

139

113.38

10.87

Above 19

161

112.13

12.39

Government

200

113.53

12.32

Government

78

113.01

9.97

Gender

Locality

Medium of Instruction

Age

Type of Institution

79

Aided
Self-Finance

22

104.13

8.15

Undergraduate

258

113.82

10.94

Postgraduate

42

105.88

13.91

Arts

139

112.74

13.19

Science

161

112.67

10.31

Course of Study

Discipline of study

The Male college students mean score was greater than female students.
Male students have scored 114.32 as their mean score which is higher
than the female college students.
College students from rural area have scored better values in their
attitude towards English language than urban students. Consequently,
Rural students have scored 114.9 as their mean score which is higher
than the urban students
College students who were below 19 years of age attained better mean
value than the students of above 19 years of age. Rural students had
113.38 as their mean score which is greater than the urban students.
English medium students have gained higher mean score than the
English medium students. Thus English medium students had 114.19 as
their mean score which is greater than the Tamil medium students.
The Mean score of UG Students had higher mean value than the PG
students. Similar to that UG student had retained 113.82 as their mean
score which is higher than the PG students.

80

 Arts discipline students had better mean score than the science
discipline students. That is, Arts college students gained 112.74 as their
mean score which is greater than the science discipline students.

4.4.7 HYPOTHESIS-8
Male and female college studentsdo not differ in their attitude towards English
language.
TABLE :20 SHOWING MEAN DIFFERENCES OF MALE AND FEMALE
COLLEGE STUDENTS ATTITUDE TOWARDS ENGLISH LANGUAGE

MEAN

S.D

VARIABLE

T
VALU
E

LEVEL OF
SIGNIFICAN
CE

MALE

FEMAL
E

MAL
E

FEMA
LE

Studentspercepti
on and
impression about
English Language

38.94

38.34

6.01

6.01

0.85

NS

Opinion on

37.39

36.57

5.16

3.92

1.56

NS

81

importance of
English language.
Choice of English
Language in
various domains

37.98

36.52

4.02

4.59

2.88

S*

Attitude towards
English language

114.31

111.43

11.4
8

11.76

2.12

S*

NS Not Significant, S*-Significant at 0.05 Level

From the above table it is infered that among the four cases,in two cases
significant differences are found.Hence the hypothesis are not accepted in two
cases. But in other cases,as the calculated values are lesser than the table
value,significant differences are not observed.Hence in two cases,the
hypothesis are accepted.

CONCLUSION
1. Male and Female college students differ in theirattitude towards English
language in the dimensions Choice of English language in various domain
and Attitude towards English language.
2. Male and Female college students do not differ in their attitude towards
English language in the other dimensions of it.

82

FIGURE: l6 MEAN DIFFERENCES OF MALE AND FEMALE

COLLEGE STUDENTS ATTITUDE TOWARDS ENGLISH
LANGUAGE

GENDER
39.5
39
38.94
38.5
38.34
38

37.98

37.5

37.39

37
36.57

36.5

36.52

36
35.5
35
Students' perception and impression about English language
Male

Female

4.4.8 HYPOTHESIS-9
Rural and urban college students do not differ in their attitude towards
English language.
TABLE :21 SHOWING MEAN DIFFERENCES OF RURAL AND URBAN
COLLEGE STUDENTS ATTITUDE TOWARDS ENGLISH LANGUAGE

83

MEAN

S.D

T
VALUE

LEVEL OF
SIGNIFICANC
E

VARIABLE
RURA
L

URBA
N

RURA
L

URBA
N

Students
perception
and
impression
about English
Language

38.8

38.46

4.06

7.11

0.31

NS

Opinion on
importance
of English
language.

38.16

36.03

4.21

4.53

2.25

S*

Choice of
English
Language in
various
domains

38.02

36.53

4.06

4.55

0.001

NS

Attitude
towards
English
language

114.98

111.02

9.26

12.99

0.0018

NS

NS-Not Significant,S* Significant at 0.05 Level

From the above table it is infered that among the four cases,in only one case
significant differences were found.Hence the hypothesis are not accepted in
that case.
But in other cases,as the calculated value are lesser than the table
84

value,significant differences are not noted.Hence in three cases,the hypotheses

are accepted.

CONCLUSION
1.Rural and urban college students differ in their attitude towards English
language in the dimension opinion on importance of English language alone.
2.Rural and urban college students do not differ in theirattitude towards English
language and in the other dimensions of it.
FIGURE-17 MEAN DIFFERENCES OF RURAL AND URBAN
COLLEGE STUDENTS ATTITUDE TOWARDS ENGLISH LANGUAGE

LOCALITY
Rural

Urban

39.5
39
38.8
38.5
38.46
38.16
38
37.5
37
36.5
36.03
36
35.5
35
34.5
Students' perception and impression about English language

85

38.02

36.53

4.4.9 HYPOTHESIS-10
Tamil and English medium studentsdo not differ in their attitude towards
English language.
TABLE :22 SHOWING MEAN DIFFERENCES OF TAMIL AND ENGLISH
MEDIUM STUDENTS ATTITUDE TOWARDS ENGLISH LANGUAGE.

MEAN

S.D

VARIABLE

T
VALUE

LEVEL OF
SIGNIFICANC
E

ENGLIS
H

TAMI
L

ENGLIS
H

TAMI
L

Students
perception
and
impression
about English
Language

39.50

36.57

5.03

7.41

3.99

S*

Opinion on
importance of
English
language.

37.33

36.04

4.89

3.37

2.29

S*

Choice of
English
Language in
various
domains

37.36

36.72

4.17

4.88

1.16

NS

38.06

36.44

11.14

12.30

3.36

S*

Attitude
towards
English

86

language

NS Not Significant,S*-Significant at 0.05 Level

From the above table it is infered that among the four cases,in three cases
significant differences are found.Hence the hypothesis are not accepted in three
cases.
But in other case,as the calculated value are lesser than the table
value,significant differences are not noted.Hence in one case,the hypothesis are
accepted.
CONCLUSION
1.Tamil and English medium students differ in their attitude towards English
language and the other three dimension of it.
2.Tamil and English medium students do not differ in theirattitude towards
English language in the dimension Choice of English language in various
domainalone.

FIGURE:18 SHOWING MEAN DIFFERENCES OF ENGLISH AND

TAMIL MEDIUM STUDENTS ATTITUDE TOWARDS ENGLISH
LANGUAGE

87

MEDIUM OF INSTRUCTION
40
39.5
39
38
37

37.33

36.72

36.57
36.04

36
35

34
Students' perception and impression about English language
English

88

37.36

Tamil

4.4.10 HYPOTHESIS-11
Male and Female students of different age groups differ in their attitude
towards English language.
TABLE: 23 SHOWING MEAN DIFFERENCES OF DIFFERENT AGE GROUP
STUDENTS ATTITUDE TOWARDS ENGLISH LANGUAGE

MEAN

S.D

T
VALUE

LEVEL OF
SIGNIFICANC
E

VARIABLE
BELOW 19
YEARS

ABOV
E 19
YEARS

BELOW
19
YEARS

ABOV
E 19
YEARS

Students
perception
and
impression
about English
Language

39.35

37.95

4.8

6.83

2.02

S*

Opinion and
importance of
English
language.

36.79

37.05
5

5.13

3.92

0.49

NS

Choice of
English
Language in
various
domains

37.22

37.11

3.64

4.98

0.21

NS

89

students
attitude
towards
English

113.36

112.1
1

10.87

12.39

0.92

NS

NS Not Significant ,S*-Significant at 0.05 level

From the above table, it is inferred that among the four cases, significant
difference is found in only one case. Hence the hypothesis is not accepted. But
in other three cases, as the calculated values are lesser than the table value,
significant differences are not observed. Hence in these three cases, the
hypotheses are accepted.

CONCLUSION
1. College students of different age groups differ in their attitude
towards English languagein the dimension Studentsperception and impression
about English language alone.
2. College students of different age groups do not differ in their attitude
towards Englishlanguage and the other three dimensions of it.

FIGURE:19 MEAN DIFFERENCESOF DIFFERENT AGE GROUP

STUDENTS ATTITUDE TOWARDS ENGLISH LANGUAGE

90

AGE GROUP
Below 19 Yrs

Above 19 Yrs

40
39.5
39.35
39
38.5
38
37.95
37.5
37.06
36.79

37
36.5
36

35.5
Students' perception and impression about English language

91

37.22
37.11

4.4.11 HYPOTHESIS-12
UG and PGCollege studentsdo not differ in their attitude towards
English language.
TABLE: 24 SHOWING MEAN DIFFERENCES OF UG AND PG STUDENTS
ATTITUDE TOWARDS ENGLISH LANGUAGE

MEAN

S.D

VARIABLE

T
VALUE

LEVEL OF
SIGNIFICANC
E

UG

PG

UG

PG

students
perception
and
impression
about English
language

39.58

32.59

5.02

7.89

7.63

S*

Opinion on
importance of
English
language.

36.93

36.95

4.48

4.80

0.026

NS

Choice of
English
Language in
various
domains.

37.30

36.33

4.08

6.05

1.28

NS

Attitude
towards
English
language

113.51

105.8
7

10.94

13.9
1

4.02

S*

92

NS Not Significant,S*-Significant at 0.05 level

From the above table, it is inferred that among the four cases, significant
difference is found in two cases. Hence the hypothesis is not accepted. But in
other two cases, as the calculated values are lesser than the table value,
significant differences are not observed. Hence in these two cases, the
hypotheses are accepted.

93

CONCLUSION
1. UG and PG College students differ intheir attitude towards English
language,in the dimension students perception and impression about
English language ,and Attitude towards English language.
2. UG and PG College students do not differ in their attitude towards
English language and in the other dimensions of it.

FIGURE: 20 MEAN DIFFERENCES OF UG AND PG COLLEGE

STUDENTSATTITUDE TOWARDS ENGLISH LANGUAGE

COURSE OF STUDY
45
40 39.58
35
32.59
30

36.95
36.93

25
20
15
10
5
0
Students' perception and impression about English language
UG

94

PG

37.3
36.33

95

4.4.12 HYPOTHESIS-13
Arts and sciencediscipline students do not differ in their attitude towards
English language.
TABLE: 25 SHOWING MEAN DIFFERENCES OF ARTS AND SCIENCE
STUDENTS ATTITUDE TOWARDS ENGLISH LANGUAGE

MEAN

S.D

T
VALUE

LEVEL OF
SIGNIFICANC
E

VARIABLE
ARTS

SCIENC
E

ARTS

SCIENC
E

Students
perception
and
impression
about
English
Language

38.21

38.94

7.05

4.93

1.04

NS

Opinion
on
importance
of English
language.

37.64

36.32

4.46

4.49

2.74

S*

Choice of
English
Language
in various
domains.

36.88

37.4

4.88

3.95

1.01

NS

96

Attitude
towards
English
language

112.73

112.66

13.19

10.31

0.05

NS

NS Not Significant,S*-Significant at 0.05 level

From the above table, it is inferred that among the four cases, significant
difference is found in one case. Hence the hypothesis is not accepted. But in
other three cases, as the calculated values are lesser than the table value,
significant differences are not noted. Hence in these three cases, the hypotheses
are accepted.
CONCLUSION
1. Arts and sciencediscipline students differ in their attitude towards
English language in the dimension opinion on importance of English
language alone.
2.Arts and sciencediscipline studentsdo not differ in remaining cases of
attitude towards English language.

FIGURE: 21 MEAN DIFFERENCES OF ARTS AND SCIENCE

COLLEGE STUDENTSATTITUDE TOWARDS ENGLISH
LANGUAGE

97

DISCIPLINE OF STUDY
39.5
39 38.94
38.5
38.21
38

37.64

37.5
37

37.4
36.88

36.5

36.32

36
35.5

35
Students' perception and impression about English language
Arts

Science

98

4.4.13 HYPOTHESIS-14
There is no interaction between college students type of institution theystudy
and their attitude of English language.
TABLE: 26 SHOWING THE F VALUE OF COLLEGE

STUDENTS ATTITUDE TOWARDS ENGLISH LANGUAGE

BASED ON THE TYPE OF INSTITUTION THEY STUDY

99

VARIABLE

SOURCES
OF
VARIATION

SUM OF
SQUARES

DF

MEAN
SQUAR
E

Between
Groups

348.172

174.086

4.943*

10459.4

297

35.217

10807.6

299

57.49

28.745

6052.31

297

20.378

Total

6109.8

299

Between
Groups

466.89

233.445

Within Groups

5346.78

297

18.003

Total

5813.67

299

Between
Groups

1760.44

880.218

Within Groups

39271.3

297

132.227

Total

41031.8

299

Students
perception
and
impression
Within Groups
about English
Language
Total
Between
Groups

Opinion on
importance of
English
Within Groups
language

Choice of
English
Language in
various
domains

Attitude
towards
English
language

NS-Not Significant,S*-Significant

100

1.411

12.96*

6.657*

From the above table, it is inferred that among the four cases, significant
difference is found in three cases. Hence the hypothesis is not accepted. But in
other one case, as the calculated values are lesser than the table value,
significant differences are not observed. Hence in these case, the hypotheses
are accepted.
CONCLUSION
1. There is interaction between the type of institution and attitudetowards
English language in the dimensions Students perception and impression about
English language and choice of English language in various domain and
attitude towards English language.
2. There is no interaction between the type of institution and attitude towards
English language in the dimensionopinion on importance of English
language.

101

4.4.14 HYPOTHESIS 15
There is no significant relationship between college students attitudes
towards internet and English language.
TABLE: 27 SHOWING THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN ATTITUDE
TOWARDS INTERNET AND ENGLISH LANGUAGE AMONG COLLEGE
STUDENTS

CORRELATION

VARIABLES

Pearson Correlation
INTERNETTOTAL

ENGLISH TOTAL

INT.TO
T

ENG.TO
T

.786**

Sig. (1-tailed)

300

300

Pearson Correlation

.786**

Sig. (1-tailed)

300

300

**. Correlation is significant at the 0.01 level (1-tailed).

The correlation of the above table revealed that, there is positive correlation
between college students attitude towards internet and English language.

CONCLUSION
102

There is positive relationship between college students attitude towards

internet and English language.

4.5 CONCLUSION
In this chapter the data are analyzed and the descriptive and
inferential statistics are given. The findings are interpreted. In chapter V, the
summary of the present study and conclusions are given along with the
recommendations and suggestions for further research.

CHAPTER V
SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS
5.0 INTRODUCTION
This chapter reports the summary of the principal findings and
conclusion of the entire research study. The objectives, hypotheses of the study,
the tools used, and the selection of the sample and collection of the data are
briefly described in this chapter.

5.1 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

The statement of the problem is entitled as ATTITUDE TOWARDS
INTERNET AND ENGLISH LANGUAGE AMONG COLLEGE
STUDENTS.

5.2 OPERATIONAL DEFINITIONS

Students attitude towards internet
In the present study students attitude towards internet refers to, the
psychological behavior of students i.e. their anxiety, comfortability, confidence

103

and the feel of happiness while using computer or communicating with others
through internet.
Students attitude towards English language
In the current study, students attitude towards English language refers
to, students perception and impression of English language, global status and
importance of English language, the instrumental value of English language
and students intention of language in education domain.

5.3 OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY

The objectives of the study are
to find the difference among the college students in their attitudes
towards internet based on select variables viz. Gender, locality, age, type
of institution, medium of instruction, course of study, and discipline of
study.
to find the difference among the college students in their attitudes
towards English based on the select variables viz. Gender, locality, age,
type of institution, medium of instruction, course of study, discipline of
study.
to discover the relationship between the college students attitude
towards internet and towards English language.

5.4 DESCRIPTIVE ANALYSIS

Descriptive analysis involved computing measures of mean and standard
deviation.

5.5 INFERENTIAL ANALYSIS

104

The inferential statistics used for the present study was t test, f test
and correlation.

5.6 MAJOR FINDINGS

The statistical treatment of the data revealed the following major findings
of the study.
There is no difference among the college students in their attitude
towards internet based on their age and discipline of study.
There is difference among the college students in their attitude towards
internet based on their gender, locality, and medium of instruction and
course of study.
There is no difference among the college students in their attitude
towards English language in their age and discipline of study.
There is difference among the college students in their attitude towards
English language based on the demographic variables; gender, locality,
medium of instruction, and course of study.
There is no relationship between college students attitude towards
internet and English language.

5.7 CONCLUSION
On comparing the mean scores of the college students following conclusions
were drawn.
Regarding the attitude towards internet, college students of following
demographic variables are having more positive attitude than their
counterparts;

Male
Rural
Science discipline
English Medium of instruction
Undergraduate course of study
Studying in Government college and
Below 19 years of age.
105

Regarding the attitude towards English language, college students of

following demographic variables are having more positive attitude than their
counterparts;

Male
Rural
Arts discipline
English Medium of instruction
Undergraduate course of study
Studying in Government college and
Below 19 years of age.
There is difference among the college students in their attitude towards

internet based on their gender, locality, and medium of instruction and course
of study.
There is difference among the college students in their attitude towards
English language based on the demographic variables; gender, locality, medium
of instruction, and course of study.
There is no relationship between college students attitude towards
internet and English language.

5.8 DISCUSSIONS
Chou, et al, (2011) did a study on Re-Visiting College Students Attitudes
toward the Internet-Based on a 6-T model gender and grade Level
difference. This study showed that PG students seem to have more
positive attitude toward the internet-related tool and information, than
undergraduate students. Contradictory results were obtained in the
present study. The investigator found that UG students showed better
attitude towards internet than PG students. The investigator found that
based on their gender, male students seem to have had a more positive
attitude toward the Internet-related dimensions than female students. But
contradictory results were found from the study of Chou.

106

 Similarly while VijayaBhaskar. C et al (2009) showed that there was a

significant shift in their attitude towards English Language Learning at
their college level among students in their overall attitude. Similarly in
the current study significant differences are found in the attitude towards
English language.
The investigator found that, no significant difference were found
between students attitudes toward the internet related to age, and course
of study. Similarly Abedalaziz et al (2013) in their study found that
there was no significant differences were found between participants'
attitudes toward the Internet and computer related with age, field of
study and postgraduate students attitudes toward computer and internet
usage is not age related.

5.9 EDUCATIONAL IMPLICATIONS

In the present educational scenario, use of internet and English language
is inevitable. Education helps to modify the behavior of the students according
to the needs and expectancy of the society. Students attitude is an integral part
of learning and, therefore students should acquire positive learning ability.
On the basis of the results of the present study, Male, Rural, English
medium and undergraduate students had higher positive score in their
attitude towards internet. Male students have more outside world
exposure than female students, hence they can collect surplus amount
of information and gain their knowledge to build their career and life.
While taking Female students into consideration, some suggestions can
be recommended, because they dont have enough contact to the
outside world, hence schools and colleges should develop their attitude
towards internet.
And also in the attitude towards English language, Tamil medium, Arts
discipline of study and Government college students scored lower mean
value. In order to cope up with the English medium students, Tamil
107

medium students can take special coaching classes to improve their

English language learning ability. This confidence will make them
employable and eligible for higher courses. Hence, educational
institutions should provide various awareness classes and training
programmes, and certificate courses in their schools and colleges.

5.10 SUGGESTIONS FOR FURTHER RESEARCH

The following are some specific area to which further research may be under
taken.
The same study can be extended to a large sample, covering many
districts and other states.
Replication of the study can be taken up at different levels.
Students attitude towards internet and other mass media can be
studied.
A study of attitude towards mother tongue and English language may
be carried.

108

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