Ph.D.

Entrance Examination
Syllabus
for
Electronics and Communication
(Faculty of Engineering and Technology)

Subject Name: Information Theory and Coding

Weighted in Ph.D. Entrance Exam.: 10 Marks
Course content
1.

2
3
4
5

Basic concept of coding, Unique decodable codes and instantaneous

decodable codes (IDC) Construction of IDC, Krafts inequality and MC
Millans theorem. Huffman and Shannon-fano code.
Entropy, Entropy of sources and their extension. Loss less image
compression.
Arithmetic Coding
Basic of channel coding and Hamming distances, channel capacity and
shannons fundamental theorem
Linear block codes ; Systematic linear codes and optimum decoding for
the binary symmetric channel; Generator and parity Check Matrices
Syndrome decoding on symmetric channels; Hamming codes, cyclic code,
Burst errors, BCH Code, Reed-solomon Codes.
Convolution codes; Wozencrafts sequential decoding algorithm, Fanns
algorithm and other sequential decoding algorithms Viterbi decoding
algorithm, BCH code.
Cryptography

Reference Books:
1. Jiri Adamek, Foundation of coding, John Wiley and sons.
2. A.J. Viterbi and J.K.Ormura, Principal of Digital Communication and Coding,
McGraw Hill
3. Bernard Sklar, Digital communication fundamental and Application, PE India.
4. N. Abramson, Information and Coding, McGraw Hill
5. M Mansurpur, Introduction to Information Theory, McGraw Hill
6. R.B.Ash, Information Theory, Prentice Hall
7. Shu Lin and S.J.Costello Jr., Error Control Coding, Prentice Hall

Subject Name: ASIC Design

Weighted in Ph.D. Entrance Exam.: 10 Marks
Course content
1.

ASIC Design flow, Design Methodotogies, Introduction to Hardware

Description Language (VHDL): Stuctural, Behavioral, Data flow modeling,
Concurrent and sequential VHDL, RAM and ROM, Test Benches, Finite
State Machines, RTL Synthesis Test Methodology

2.

Programmable Logic Design, Basics of Programmable logic devices,

CPLD
Architecture and its building blocks, FPGA Architectures and its building
blocks, Technology mapping for FPGAs

3.

Design implementation using CPLD and FPGA, Floor planning and

Placement

Reference Books:
1. D.Perry, BHDL,2nd Ed., McGraw Hill International.
2. J. Bhasker, BHDL, Primer, Pearson Education Asia, Low Price Edition
3. Charles H Roth, Jr., Digital Systems Design Using VHDL, Brooks/Cole
Thompson Learning
4. Z. Navabi, VHDL: Analysis and Modeling of Digital Systems, McGraw Hill
International Editions
5. Michael John Sebastian Smith, Application Specific Integrated Circuits,
Pearson Education Asia.
6. Xilinx and Altera Application Notes on the architecture of FPGAs and
CPLDs.

Subject Name: Advanced Digital Communication

Weighted in Ph.D. Entrance Exam.: 10 Marks
Course content
1
2
3
4
5

Review of probability and Stochastic Processes.

Characterization of Communication Signal and System. Geometric
Representation of Signals and its use in communication.
Optimum receiver for Additive White Gaussian Noise, BER calculation.
Carrier and symbol synchronization, signal design for Band Limited
Channels.
Communication through Band limited Channel, concept of parallel
transmission, Multi channel and multi carrier CDMA system, fading
multipath channel, OFDM, Future trends.

Reference Books:
1. Proakis J.J.,D Wozencraft J.M. and Jacobs I.M., Principles of Communication
Engineering, John Wiley.
2. Carison A., Communication System, 3rd ., McGraw Hill.
3. Van Trees H.L., Detection Estimation and Modulation Theory, Vol. 1., Wiley.
4. Blahut R.F., Digital transmission of Information, Addison Wesley.
5. Benedetto S., Biglieri E. and Castellari V., Digital Transmission Theory, Prentice
Hall.

Subject Name: Fiber Optic Communication

Weighted in Ph.D. Entrance Exam.: 10 Marks
Course content
1

4
5

Introduction, propagation of light, propagation of light in a cylindrical

dielectric rod, Ray model, wave model. Different types of optical fibers,
Modal Analysis of a step index fiber.
Optical channel Modeling Signal degradation on optical fiber due to
dispersion and attenuation. Fabrication of fibers measurement techniques
like OTDR
Optical sources LEDs and Lasers, Photo-detectors Pin-detectors,
detector responsively noise, Optical link design BER calculation,
quantum limit, power panelities.
Optical switches coupled mode analysis of directional couplers,
electrooptic switches.
Nonlinear effect in fiber optic links. Concept of self-phase modulation,
group velocity dispersion and soliton based communication. Optical
amplifiers EDFA, Raman amplifier and WDM systems.

Reference Books:
1. J. Keiser, Fiber Optic Communication, McGraw-Hill
2. J. Gower, Optical Communication systems, Prentice Hall, India.
3. G. Agrawal, Nonlinear fiber optics, Academic Press.
4. G. Agrawal, Fiber optic Communication systems, John Wiley and sons.
5. J. Senior, Optical Fiber Communication.

Subject Name: Image Processing

Weighted in Ph.D. Entrance Exam.: 10 Marks
Course content
1
2
3
4
5

7
8
9

Introduction Image as a 2D data, Image representation Gray scale and

Color images, image sampling and quantization.
Frequency domain processing Two dimensional orthogonal transforms:
DFT, FFT, WHT. Haar transform, KLT, DCT.
Image enhancement filters in spatial and frequency domains,
histogrambased processing, Homomorphic filtering.
Edge detection non parametric and model based approaches, LOG
filers, localization problem
Image restoration PSF, circulant and block circulant matrices,
deconvolution, restoration using inverse filtering. Wiener filtering and
maximum entropy- based methods.
Mathematical morphology binary morphology, dilation, erosion, opening
and closing duality relations, gray scale morphology, application such as
hit-and-miss transform thinning and shape decomposition.
Image communication JPED, JPEG 2000, MPEGs and H.26x standards
packet video, error concealment.
Image texture analysis co-occurrence matrix, measures of textures,
statistical models for textures, principal component analysis.
Misc. topic such as Hough Transform, boundary detection, chain coding,
and segmentation, thresholding methods.

Reference Books:
1. R. Gonzalez and E. Woods, Digital Image Processing, PHI
2. A. K. Jain, Fundamentals of digital image processing, Prentice Hall of India.
3. W. K. Pratt, Digital image processing, Prentice Hall
4. Rosenfold and A. C. Kak, Digital imag processing, Vol 1 & 2, Prentice Hall.

Subject Name: Embedded System Design

Weighted in Ph.D. Entrance Exam.: 10 Marks
Course content
1
2
3
4
5

6
7

Embedded Micro controller Cores, Embedded Memories, SRAM, DRAM

Controllers.
Embedded System Design Aspects:
Interfacing between analog and digital sections, signal conditioning,
Interfacing with external systems, User interfacing.
Software aspects of Embedded Systems:
Real time programming languages & operating systems for Embedded
Systems, Embedded programming in C/C++, Scheduler, Multitasking,
Threading concepts and implementation,
Serial Communication Interface: UART, SCI applications, Modern Serial
Interface Standards, Modems, SPI, I2C, USB, Introduction to JTAG Port
Case study of Embedded Applications .

Reference Books:
1. J. W. Valvo, Embedded Micro computer system, Brooks/Cole.
2. K. J. Ayala, The 8051 Microcontroller, Pernam Intl.
3. Jack Ganssle. The art of designing Embedded Systems.
4. sDaniel W. Lewis, Fundamentals of Embedded Software

Subject Name: RF AND MICROWAVE ENGINEERING

Weighted in Ph.D. Entrance Exam.: 10 Marks
Course content
1
2

4
5

6
7
8

9
10
11

INTRODUCTION
Conceptual understanding of wave propagation in the guided media such
as transmission lines, rectangular and circular waveguides; Various
characteristics and parameters such as wave velocity, dispersion,
mismatch effects; voltage - current - field distributions.
Poynting Power / Vectors Theorem and Uniqueness Theorems, Maxwell
time varying equations, Smith chart applications to RF and Microwave
Engineering,
RF and MICROWAVE ANALYSIS
Impedance and Admittance Matrix, Hybrid matrix, Scattering matrix,
ABCD Matrix, Discontinuities and Modal analysis, Signal flow graph
representation, Various excitation and coupling methods to the
waveguides.
MICROWAVE COMPONENTS
Understanding the in-depth principle, working, analysis and design of
ferromagnetic:
Passive components such as microwave resonators, power dividers and
couplers, filters and impedance transformers Chebyshev, Binomial and
Tapered.
Ferromagnetic components such as isolators, phase shifters, circulators.
MICROWAVE DEVICES AND CIRCUITS
Conceptual understanding the principle, working and applications of
microwave circuits and active devices such as: Mixers, Detectors,
Microwave Integrated Circuits, Monolithic Microwave Integrated Circuits,
Microwave Amplifiers, Oscillators and Synthesizers.

Reference Books:
1. Pozar D M, Microwave Engineering, Wiley
2. Mishra Ravindra, RF and Microwave Communication, Wiley
3. Gupta K C, Microwaves, New Age International Publn
4. Collin R E, Foundations for Microwave Engineering, McGrawHill International
5. M. Golio & J. Golio, RF and microwave Technologies:Vol I,II,III,CRC Press

Subject Name : Satellite communication

Weighted in Ph.D. Entrance Exam.: 10 Marks
Course content
1

Introduction, Keplers First, second and third Law, Definitions of Terms for
Earth-orbiting Satellites, Orbital Elements, Apogee and Perigee Heights,
Orbital Perturbations, Effects of a Non spherical Earth, Atmospheric Drag,
Inclined Orbits, Calendars, Universal Time, Julian Dates, Sidereal Time,
The Orbital Plane,
Antenna Look Angels, The Polar Mount Antenna, Limits of Visibility, Near
Geostationary Orbits, Earth Eclipse of Satellite, Sun Transit Outage,
Launching Orbits, Attitude Control, Spinning Satellite Stabilization,
Momentum Wheel Stabilization, Station Keeping, Thermal Control, TT&C
Subsystem, Transponders, Demultiplexer Power Amplifier, Antenna
Subsystem.
Receive-Only Home TV Systems, Master Antenna TV System Community
Antenna TV System, Transmit-Receive Earth Stations, Equivalent
Isotropic, Radiated Power, Transmission Losses, Free-Space
Transmission, Feeder Losses, Antenna Misalignment Losses, Fixed
Atmospheric and Ionospheric Losses, Link Power Budget Equation,
Overall System Noise Temperature, Carrier-to-Noise Ratio, Input Back
Off, Combined C/N .
Pre assigned FDMA, Demand-Assigned FDMA, SPADE System.
Bandwidth-limited a Power-limited TWT amplifier operation, FDMA
downlink analysis. TDMA : Reference Burst; Preamble and Postamble,
Carrier recovery, Network synchronization, unique word detection, Onboard signal Processing, Satellite switched TDMA.
Introduction, Orbital Spacings, Power Rating and Number of
Transponders, Frequencies and Polarization, Transponder Capacity, Bit
Rates for Digital Television

Reference Books:
1. Timothy Pratt Charles Bostian & Jeremy Allmuti, Satellite Comm. , John Willy &
Sons (Asia) Pvt. Ltd. 2004.
2. Dennis Roddy, Satellite Communications, McGraw-Hill Publication
3. Third edition 2001.
4. Wilbur L. Pritchars Henri G.Suyder Hond Robert A.Nelson,
5. Satellite Comm. Systems Engg., Pearson Edu.Ltd., 2nd edition 2003.
6. Richharia : Satellite Communication Systems (Design Principles Macmillan Press
Ltd. Second Edition 2003.

Subject Name: Antenna Engineering and Design

Weighted in Ph.D. Entrance Exam.: 10 Marks
Course content
1
2

7
8
9
10
11

INTRODUCTION TO ANTENNAS Review the fundamental theory of

antennas: Reciprocity theorem, Antenna equivalent circuit, Classification of
antennas, Brief understanding of special types of Antennas.
Gain a thorough understanding of the important concepts: Radiation
Impedance, Radiation Pattern, Antenna Impedance, Bandwidth, Directivity, Gain,
Antenna efficiency, Radiation Efficiency, Antenna Polarization, Antenna
Apertures, Antenna temperature, near-field and far-field concepts, and radiation
mechanism.
ANTENNA SYNTHESIS, ANALYSIS and OPTIMIZATION TECHNIQUES
Introduction to various methods of antenna synthesis such as Schelkunoff
Polynomial, Fourier transform, Woodward Lawson.
Introduction to antenna analysis methods: Integral equation method,
Moment method, Finite Difference Time Domain methods; Applications of
these methods to the practical antennas such as dipole, loop, helical,
microstrip patch, and PIFA.
Various optimization techniques (OT) such as Genetic algorithm, Artificial
Intelligence, Fuzzy logic. Comparative analysis of the OTs for particular
application and antenna type.
ANTENNA DESIGN
Various impedance matching techniques such as Quarter wavelength
transformer, T-match, Gamma Match, Omega match, Baluns and
Transformers.
Analytical comparative study of wire type and aperture type, narrow band
and wide band, element and antenna array antennas.
Designing an antenna with a set of given specifications using standard
software.
Material selection for antenna to be designed, understanding the
specifications errors responses corrections methods.
Concepts of antenna coupling, coupling methods, interferences and effects on
performance of the antenna system.
SPECIAL TOPICS FOR ANTENNA DESIGN and MEASUREMENT
Techniques to miniaturize an antenna for wireless LAN and Blue tooth
applications, Wide-band and multi-band antennas, Mobile antennas and
antenna diversity, Reconfigurable antennas, Practical consideration in
designing antennas for wireless communications (such as the interaction
between mobile antenna and human body).

Reference Books:
1. Balanis C A, Antenna Theory: design and applications, Wiley
2. Hohnson R C and H Jasik, Antenna Engineering Handbooks, McGraw Hill
3. Sadiku N O Mathew, Elements of Electromagnetics, Oxford Univ Press
4. Harrington R F, Time harmonic Electromagnetic Fields, McGraw Hill

Subject Name: Digital Signal Processing and Applications

Weighted in Ph.D. Entrance Exam.: 10 Marks
Course content
1
2

3
4
5
6

Discrete Time Signals: Sequences representation of signals on orthogonal

basis: Sampling and Reconstruction of signals;
Discrete systems: attributes, Z-Transform, Analysis of LSI systems,
Frequency Analysis, Inverse Systems, Discrete Fourier Transform (DTF),
Fast Fourier Transform algorithm, Implementation of Discrete Time
Systems.
Design of FIR Digital filters; Window Method, Park-McClellans method.
Design of IIR Digital Filters: Butterworth, Chebyshev and Elliptic
Approximations; Lowpass, Band pass, Bandstop and High Pass Filters.
Effect of finite register length in FIR filter design
Parametric and non-parametric spectral estimation, Introduction to
multirate signal processing. Application of DSP to Speech and radar signal
processing.
Overview of DSP Processors, Harvard modified Harvard Architecture,
MultiBus architecture, Floating point Vs Fix point dsp processor. Case
Study.

Reference Books:
1. A.V. Oppenheim and Schafer, Discrete Time Signal Processing, Prentice Hall
2. John G.Proakis and D.G. Manolakis, Digital Signal Processing: Principle, Algorithms
and Applications, Prentice Hall
3. L.R. Rabiner and B. Gold, Theory and Application of Digital Signal Processing,
Prentice Hall
4. D.J. DeFatta, J.G.Lucas and W.S. Hodgkiss, Digital Signal Processing, J Wiley and
Sons, Singapore.