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Illinois Institute of Technology

Chemical Engineering Department


ChE-311
Prof. Nader Aderangi

Short Lab#4:
Fixed and Fluidized Beds

Brian R. Colon-Rodriguez
May 1 2015

Short Lab Report: Process Control

I.

Abstract
Fixed and Fluidized Beds are very important in chemical engineering
process because of their usefulness for filtrations and wastewater treatment.
Two plexiglass columns were used to investigate the characteristics of
air/water flowing vertically through a bed of granular material. The objective
of this experiment was to determine the pressure drop, verify KozenyCarman equation, and observe the characteristics of a fixed and fluidized
bed.

II.

Experimental
During this experiments the following equipment and apparatus were used:
The experimental setup consists of 2 plexigrams columns, were one is
filled water and the other one with air. In the air circuit a diaphragm air
compressor compresses the atmospheric air before feeding it into the
packed column. The column dimensions are: cross section area 5cm and a
height of 300mmof fine glass particles called ballotini with a nominal
diameter of 275 microns. In the water circuit a water pump circulates water
through the packed column were the dimensions of the column are the same
as the air circuit.

Figure1. Shows
Experimental
Set-up for the
Water Circuit.

Figure.2 Shows Experimental Set-up for the Air Circuit.

III. Tabulated Data


Table1. Shows Tabulated Data for Air Circuit for runs going from lower to
higher flow rate.

Run
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25

Flow rate (L/min)


2
2.5
3
3.5
4
4.5
5
5.5
6
6.5
7
7.5
8
9
10
11
12
13
13.5
14
14.5
15
16.5
17
17.5

Bed height (mm)


310
310
310
311
312
312
313
313
314
314
315
315
315
325
333
345
350
365
370
376
382
388
400
410
420

Pressure, drop (mm H2O)


122
124
166
164
217
215
284
285
355
346
436
440
439
445
449
452
458
462
465
475
476
481
493
501
508

Table2. Shows Tabulated Data Raw Data for Air Circuit for runs going from
higher to lower flow rate.
Run
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13

Flow rate (L/min)


17.5
17
16.5
15
14.5
14
13.5
13
12
11
10
9
8

Bed height (mm)


415
410
400
395
388
380
373
365
360
353
350
348
340

Pressure,drop(mm H2O)
495
481
476
470
460
450
444
435
432
432
427
425
416

14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25

7.5
7
6.5
6
5.5
5
4.5
4
3.5
3
2.5
2

333
328
325
320
318
317
316
315
313
311
310
310

407
398
388
383
375
367
360
357
278
220
155
113

Table3. Shows Tabulated Data for Water Circuit going from low to high flow
rate.
Run
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8

Flow
rate
(L/min)
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8

Bed
height
(mm)
226
226
226
226
226
228
232
238

Pressure, Drop (mmH2O)


33
124
105
110
134
149
177
175

Table4. Shows Tabulated Data for Water Circuit going from high to low flow
rate.
Run
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8

V.

Flow
Rate
L/min
0.8
0.7
0.6
0.5
0.4
0.3
0.2
0.1

Bed
Height
mm
238
231
229
227
226
226
226
226

Pressur
e, Drop
172
160
153
151
151
145
140
60

Discussion and Conclusion

VI. Plot and Tables


Table5. Shows Result for Air Circuit high to low flow rate ( Part 1 and 2).
Delta(P Vs
a)
(m^3/s)
1195.6
1215.2
1626.8
1607.2
2126.6
2107
2783.2
2793
3479
3390.8
4272.8
4312
4302.2
4361
4400.2
4429.6
4488.4
4527.6
4557
4655
4664.8

0.000653
595
0.000816
993
0.000980
392
0.001143
791
0.001307
19
0.001470
588
0.001633
987
0.001797
386
0.001960
784
0.002124
183
0.002287
582
0.002450
98
0.002614
379
0.002941
176
0.003267
974
0.003594
771
0.003921
569
0.004248
366
0.004411
765
0.004575
163
0.004738

DeltaP (Pa) by
Kozeny-carman
equation
76.92030285
96.15037856
115.3804543
134.61053
153.8406057
173.0706814
192.3007571
211.5308328
230.7609085
249.9909842
269.22106
288.4511357
307.6812114
346.1413628
384.6015142
423.0616657
461.5218171
499.9819685
519.2120442
538.4421199
557.6721956

4713.8
4831.4
4909.8
4978.4

562
0.004901
961
0.005392
157
0.005555
556
0.005718
954

576.9022713
634.5924985
653.8225742
673.0526499

Table6. Shows Result for Air Circuit low to high flow rate ( Part 1 and 2)
DeltaP
(Pa)
4851
4713.8
4664.8
4606
4508
4410
4351.2
4263
4233.6
4233.6
4184.6
4165
4076.8
3988.6
3900.4

Vs
(m^3/s)
0.0057189
54
0.0055555
56
0.0053921
57
0.0049019
61
0.0047385
62
0.0045751
63
0.0044117
65
0.0042483
66
0.0039215
69
0.0035947
71
0.0032679
74
0.0029411
76
0.0026143
79
0.0024509
8
0.0022875
82

Delta (Pa) by
Kozeny-carman
equation
673.0526499
653.8225742
634.5924985
576.9022713
557.6721956
538.4421199
519.2120442
499.9819685
461.5218171
423.0616657
384.6015142
346.1413628
307.6812114
288.4511357
269.22106

3802.4
3753.4
3675
3596.6
3528
3498.6
2724.4
2156
1519
1107.4

0.0021241
83
0.0019607
84
0.0017973
86
0.0016339
87
0.0014705
88
0.0013071
9
0.0011437
91
0.0009803
92
0.0008169
93
0.0006535
95

249.9909842
230.7609085
211.5308328
192.3007571
173.0706814
153.8406057
134.61053
115.3804543
96.15037856
76.92030285

Table5. Shows Result for Water Circuit high to low flow rate ( Part 1 and 2).
DeltaP
(Pa)
323.4
1215.2
1029
1078
1313.2
1460.2
1734.6
1715

Vs
(m^3/s)
3.26797E05
6.53595E05
9.80392E05
0.000130
719
0.000163
399
0.000196
078
0.000228
758
0.000261
438

DeltaP (Pa) by
Kozeny-carman
equation
18.86823529
37.73647059
56.60470588
75.47294118
94.34117647
113.2094118
132.0776471
150.9458824

Table6. Shows Result for Water Circuit low to high flow rate ( Part 1 and 2)
DeltaP
(Pa)

Vs
(m^3/s)

DeltaP (Pa)
by Kozenycarman
equation

1685.6
1568
1499.4
1479.8
1479.8
1421
1372
588

0.000261
438
0.000228
758
0.000196
078
0.000163
399
0.000130
719
9.80392E05
6.53595E05
3.26797E05

150.9458824
132.0776471
113.2094118
94.34117647
75.47294118
56.60470588
37.73647059
18.86823529

Plot1. Pressure Drop against the Flow Rate of Air.

Pressure drop vs. Flow Rate of air


600
500
400
Pressure drop (mm H2O)

High to Low FLow Rate

300

Low to High FLow Rate

200
100
0
0

10

15

Flow rate (L/min)

20

Plot2. Pressure Drop against the Flow Rate of Water.

Pressure drop VS Flow rate of water


200
150
Prssure drop (mm H2O)

High to Low FLow Rate

100

Low to High Flow Rate

50
0
0

0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8

Flow rate (L/min)

Plot3. Log of Pressure Drop vs. log of Air Flow Rate

Log (pressure drop) VS Log (flow rate air)


4
3.5
3
2.5
Log (pressure drop)

2
1.5
1
0.5
0
0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

Log(flow rate)

1.2

1.4

Plot4. Log of Pressure Drop vs. log of Water Flow Rate

Log pressure drop VS Log water flow rate

Log(pressure drop)

-1.2

-1

-0.8

-0.6

Log(flow rate)

-0.4

-0.2

VII. Raw Data

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