Professional Documents
Culture Documents
SCIENCE
CLASS 10 - SA 1 & SA 2
Notes and study material
NAME OF CHAPTER
CHAPTER
NO.
1
SCHOOL OF ELEMENTS
2
THE MAGIC OF CHEMICAL
REACTIONS
3
THE ACID BASE CHEMISTRY
4
THE ELECTRIC SPARK
5
ALL ABOUT ELECTROMGNETISM
6
WONDERS OF LIGHT PART-I
7
WONDERS OF LIGHT PART-II
8
UNDERSTANDING METALS AND
NON-METALS
9
AMZING WORLD OF CARBON
COMPOUNDS
10
LIFES INTERNAL SECRETS
11
THE REGULATORS OF LIFE
12
THE LIFE CYCLE
13
MAPPING OUR GENES
PAGES MARKS
2-9
10-13
14-16
17-21
22-33
34-36
37-37
38-42
43-49
50-62
63-68
69-85
86-90
SSC- Science
vijayraskar2003@yahoo.co.in / vijay.raskar1986@gmail.com
Prepared by Vijay Balu Raskar (MBA-Operation & B.E.Electrical)
1. SCHOOL OF ELEMENTS
DOBEREINERS TRIADS: Group of elements shows similar properties. These groups
were called as Triads.
In triads, atomic mass of the middle element was
approximately the mean of the atomic masses of other two
elements.
Element
Atomic Mass
Lithium (Li)
6.9
Sodium (Na)
23
Potasium (K)
39
Calcium (Ca)
40.1
Strontium (Sr)
87.6
Barium (Ba)
137.3
Chlorine (Cl)
35.5
Bromine (Br)
79.9
Iodine (I)
126.9
2
SSC- Science
vijayraskar2003@yahoo.co.in / vijay.raskar1986@gmail.com
Prepared by Vijay Balu Raskar (MBA-Operation & B.E.Electrical)
Sulphur (S)
32
Selenium (Se)
79
Tellurium (Te)
128
SSC- Science
vijayraskar2003@yahoo.co.in / vijay.raskar1986@gmail.com
Prepared by Vijay Balu Raskar (MBA-Operation & B.E.Electrical)
MENDELEEVS PERODIC TABLE: The physical and chemical properties of element are a
periodic function of their atomic masses.
The tabular arrangement of the element based on the
periodic law is called Mendeleevs Periodic Table.
FEATURES OF MENDELEEVS PERIODIC TABLE: The horizontal rows in the periodic table are called as
periods.
Periods are seven in numbers.
These are numbered from 1 to 7.
Properties of element in a particular period show regular
gradation from left to right.
Vertical column in the periodic table are called group.
There are eight groups numbered from I to VIII.
Groups I to VII are further divided into A and B subgroups.
MERITS OF MENDELEEVS PERIODIC TABLE:4
SSC- Science
vijayraskar2003@yahoo.co.in / vijay.raskar1986@gmail.com
Prepared by Vijay Balu Raskar (MBA-Operation & B.E.Electrical)
MODERN PERIODIC TABLE: The chemical and physical properties of elements are a
periodic function of their atomic numbers.
The periodic table based on modern periodic law is called
as Modern Periodic Table.
5
SSC- Science
vijayraskar2003@yahoo.co.in / vijay.raskar1986@gmail.com
Prepared by Vijay Balu Raskar (MBA-Operation & B.E.Electrical)
SSC- Science
vijayraskar2003@yahoo.co.in / vijay.raskar1986@gmail.com
Prepared by Vijay Balu Raskar (MBA-Operation & B.E.Electrical)
Metals are present on the left hand side of the periodic table.
Non-metals are present on right hand side of the periodic
table.
Group 1 and group2 are on left side. Group13 to froup17 are
on right side of the periodic table. Such groups are called as
normal elements. Their one outermost is incomplete.
Group3 to group12 in the middle of the periodic table are
called as transition elements. Their two outermost is
incomplete.
Group18 is on right hand side which contains inert gases.
Their outermost shell contains eight electrons.
Bottom elements are called as inner transition elements.
Bottom elements contain two series of elements lanthanides
and actinides.
Elements are classified on the basis of their electronic
configuration.
Elements are divided into four blocks. S-block, p-block, dblock and f-block.
Group1 and group2 are included in s-block.
s-block elements are metals and contain 1 or 2 electrons.
Group 13 to group 17 and 0 group are included in p-block.
p-block elements are metals, non-metals and metalloids. And
contain 3 or 8 electrons.
s-block and p-block elements are called as normal elements.
Outermost shell incomplete except 0 group.
7
SSC- Science
vijayraskar2003@yahoo.co.in / vijay.raskar1986@gmail.com
Prepared by Vijay Balu Raskar (MBA-Operation & B.E.Electrical)
PERIODIC PROPERTIES: The properties which shows gradual variation in a group and
in a period. They are repeat themselves after a certain
interval of time.
VALENCY: It is determined by number of valence electrons present in the
outermost shell of an atom.
All elements of a group have same number of valence
electrons.
8
SSC- Science
vijayraskar2003@yahoo.co.in / vijay.raskar1986@gmail.com
Prepared by Vijay Balu Raskar (MBA-Operation & B.E.Electrical)
SSC- Science
vijayraskar2003@yahoo.co.in / vijay.raskar1986@gmail.com
Prepared by Vijay Balu Raskar (MBA-Operation & B.E.Electrical)
10
SSC- Science
vijayraskar2003@yahoo.co.in / vijay.raskar1986@gmail.com
Prepared by Vijay Balu Raskar (MBA-Operation & B.E.Electrical)
11
SSC- Science
vijayraskar2003@yahoo.co.in / vijay.raskar1986@gmail.com
Prepared by Vijay Balu Raskar (MBA-Operation & B.E.Electrical)
CORROSION:
The slow process f decay or destruction of metal due to
the effect of air, moisture and acids on it is known as
corrosion.
Prevention of corrosion is always necessary.
It will not only save the money but also prevent from
accidents, damages etc
12
SSC- Science
vijayraskar2003@yahoo.co.in / vijay.raskar1986@gmail.com
Prepared by Vijay Balu Raskar (MBA-Operation & B.E.Electrical)
13
SSC- Science
vijayraskar2003@yahoo.co.in / vijay.raskar1986@gmail.com
Prepared by Vijay Balu Raskar (MBA-Operation & B.E.Electrical)
SSC- Science
vijayraskar2003@yahoo.co.in / vijay.raskar1986@gmail.com
Prepared by Vijay Balu Raskar (MBA-Operation & B.E.Electrical)
SSC- Science
vijayraskar2003@yahoo.co.in / vijay.raskar1986@gmail.com
Prepared by Vijay Balu Raskar (MBA-Operation & B.E.Electrical)
SOAP AS A SALT: When oils or fats are boiled with aqueous solution of
sodium or potassium hydroxide, then sodium or
potassium salt of carboxylic acids are obtained.
These salts are called as soap.
The process of alkaline hydrolysis of oil or fats is known
as saponification.
16
SSC- Science
vijayraskar2003@yahoo.co.in / vijay.raskar1986@gmail.com
Prepared by Vijay Balu Raskar (MBA-Operation & B.E.Electrical)
OR
It is the amount of charge flowing through a particular cross
sectional area in unit time.
Unit of Current is ampere.
ONE AMPERE: If one coulomb of charge is passing through
any cross section of a conductor in one second. Then the
amount of current flowing through the conductor is said to be
one ampere.
ELECTRIC CIRCUIT: A continuous path consisting of conducting
wires, resistance and battery along with electric current flows.
It is called as circuit.
Diagram:
17
SSC- Science
vijayraskar2003@yahoo.co.in / vijay.raskar1986@gmail.com
Prepared by Vijay Balu Raskar (MBA-Operation & B.E.Electrical)
POTENTIAL DIFFERENCE:
18
SSC- Science
vijayraskar2003@yahoo.co.in / vijay.raskar1986@gmail.com
Prepared by Vijay Balu Raskar (MBA-Operation & B.E.Electrical)
Where,
V = Voltage or Potential difference = Unit: Volt
I = Current = Unit: Ampere
19
SSC- Science
vijayraskar2003@yahoo.co.in / vijay.raskar1986@gmail.com
Prepared by Vijay Balu Raskar (MBA-Operation & B.E.Electrical)
SSC- Science
vijayraskar2003@yahoo.co.in / vijay.raskar1986@gmail.com
Prepared by Vijay Balu Raskar (MBA-Operation & B.E.Electrical)
21
SSC- Science
vijayraskar2003@yahoo.co.in / vijay.raskar1986@gmail.com
Prepared by Vijay Balu Raskar (MBA-Operation & B.E.Electrical)
SSC- Science
vijayraskar2003@yahoo.co.in / vijay.raskar1986@gmail.com
Prepared by Vijay Balu Raskar (MBA-Operation & B.E.Electrical)
SOLENOID:
A coil of many turns of insulated copper wire wrapped in
the shaped of cylinder is called a solenoid.
Diagram:
SSC- Science
vijayraskar2003@yahoo.co.in / vijay.raskar1986@gmail.com
Prepared by Vijay Balu Raskar (MBA-Operation & B.E.Electrical)
24
SSC- Science
vijayraskar2003@yahoo.co.in / vijay.raskar1986@gmail.com
Prepared by Vijay Balu Raskar (MBA-Operation & B.E.Electrical)
SSC- Science
vijayraskar2003@yahoo.co.in / vijay.raskar1986@gmail.com
Prepared by Vijay Balu Raskar (MBA-Operation & B.E.Electrical)
SSC- Science
vijayraskar2003@yahoo.co.in / vijay.raskar1986@gmail.com
Prepared by Vijay Balu Raskar (MBA-Operation & B.E.Electrical)
Washing machines.
Electric fans.
Hair dryers.
Record players.
Tape recorders.
Blowers.
Electric cars.
Rolling mills.
Electric cranes.
Electric lifts.
Electric trains.
FLEMINGS RIGHT HAND RULE:
Stretch the thumb, forefingers and middle finger of the right
hand so that they are perpendicular to each others. If the
forefingers indicates the direction of the magnetic field and
thumb shows the direction of motion of the conductor. The
middle finger shows the direction of induced current.
DC VS AC:Direct current
Alternating current
27
SSC- Science
vijayraskar2003@yahoo.co.in / vijay.raskar1986@gmail.com
Prepared by Vijay Balu Raskar (MBA-Operation & B.E.Electrical)
Frequency of AC is about 50
Hz in India.
Frequency of DC is Zero.
28
SSC- Science
vijayraskar2003@yahoo.co.in / vijay.raskar1986@gmail.com
Prepared by Vijay Balu Raskar (MBA-Operation & B.E.Electrical)
Armature coil:
In the figure, ABCD is an armature coil.
It is a large number of turns of a insulated copper wire.
29
SSC- Science
vijayraskar2003@yahoo.co.in / vijay.raskar1986@gmail.com
Prepared by Vijay Balu Raskar (MBA-Operation & B.E.Electrical)
SSC- Science
vijayraskar2003@yahoo.co.in / vijay.raskar1986@gmail.com
Prepared by Vijay Balu Raskar (MBA-Operation & B.E.Electrical)
SSC- Science
vijayraskar2003@yahoo.co.in / vijay.raskar1986@gmail.com
Prepared by Vijay Balu Raskar (MBA-Operation & B.E.Electrical)
4) Brushes:
In the figure, there are two brushes i.e. B1 and
They are used to press the commutator.
B2 .
5) Bulb:
Bulb is connected across carbon brushes.
The output is shown by glowing bulb.
WORKING:
SSC- Science
vijayraskar2003@yahoo.co.in / vijay.raskar1986@gmail.com
Prepared by Vijay Balu Raskar (MBA-Operation & B.E.Electrical)
33
SSC- Science
vijayraskar2003@yahoo.co.in / vijay.raskar1986@gmail.com
Prepared by Vijay Balu Raskar (MBA-Operation & B.E.Electrical)
34
SSC- Science
vijayraskar2003@yahoo.co.in / vijay.raskar1986@gmail.com
Prepared by Vijay Balu Raskar (MBA-Operation & B.E.Electrical)
35
SSC- Science
vijayraskar2003@yahoo.co.in / vijay.raskar1986@gmail.com
Prepared by Vijay Balu Raskar (MBA-Operation & B.E.Electrical)
MIRROR FORMULA:1
1
1
f
v
u
SSC- Science
vijayraskar2003@yahoo.co.in / vijay.raskar1986@gmail.com
Prepared by Vijay Balu Raskar (MBA-Operation & B.E.Electrical)
LENS FORMULA:1
1
1
f
v
u
POWER OF LENS:
P
NOTE:37
1
f
SSC- Science
vijayraskar2003@yahoo.co.in / vijay.raskar1986@gmail.com
Prepared by Vijay Balu Raskar (MBA-Operation & B.E.Electrical)
If magnification is negative then height of image shows image is inverted and
real.
Used table to find nature of image and use concept taught in the lecture.
Use technique as per our lecture.
LAWS OF REFRACTION: The incident ray and the refracted ray are on opposite sides of
the normal at the point of incident and all three lie in the
same plane.
The ratio of angle of incidence and angle of refraction is
constant.
This constant is called as refractive index.
Constant is denoted as
38
SSC- Science
vijayraskar2003@yahoo.co.in / vijay.raskar1986@gmail.com
Prepared by Vijay Balu Raskar (MBA-Operation & B.E.Electrical)
SSC- Science
vijayraskar2003@yahoo.co.in / vijay.raskar1986@gmail.com
Prepared by Vijay Balu Raskar (MBA-Operation & B.E.Electrical)
SSC- Science
vijayraskar2003@yahoo.co.in / vijay.raskar1986@gmail.com
Prepared by Vijay Balu Raskar (MBA-Operation & B.E.Electrical)
SSC- Science
vijayraskar2003@yahoo.co.in / vijay.raskar1986@gmail.com
Prepared by Vijay Balu Raskar (MBA-Operation & B.E.Electrical)
42
SSC- Science
vijayraskar2003@yahoo.co.in / vijay.raskar1986@gmail.com
Prepared by Vijay Balu Raskar (MBA-Operation & B.E.Electrical)
43
SSC- Science
vijayraskar2003@yahoo.co.in / vijay.raskar1986@gmail.com
Prepared by Vijay Balu Raskar (MBA-Operation & B.E.Electrical)
44
SSC- Science
vijayraskar2003@yahoo.co.in / vijay.raskar1986@gmail.com
Prepared by Vijay Balu Raskar (MBA-Operation & B.E.Electrical)
SSC- Science
vijayraskar2003@yahoo.co.in / vijay.raskar1986@gmail.com
Prepared by Vijay Balu Raskar (MBA-Operation & B.E.Electrical)
46
SSC- Science
vijayraskar2003@yahoo.co.in / vijay.raskar1986@gmail.com
Prepared by Vijay Balu Raskar (MBA-Operation & B.E.Electrical)
SSC- Science
vijayraskar2003@yahoo.co.in / vijay.raskar1986@gmail.com
Prepared by Vijay Balu Raskar (MBA-Operation & B.E.Electrical)
For example:
ADDITION REACTION:
It is the reaction in which two molecules react to form a single
product is known as addition reaction.
Addition reaction occurs only in unsaturated compounds.
Double bond or triple bond compounds.
For example:
SUBSTTUTION REACTION:
It is reaction in which one or more atoms are substitute in a
molecule for another atom.
For example:
48
SSC- Science
vijayraskar2003@yahoo.co.in / vijay.raskar1986@gmail.com
Prepared by Vijay Balu Raskar (MBA-Operation & B.E.Electrical)
ETHANOIC ACID:
Ethanoic acid is also known as acetic acid.
Ethanoic acid = C2 H 4O2
It is a weak acid.
49
SSC- Science
vijayraskar2003@yahoo.co.in / vijay.raskar1986@gmail.com
Prepared by Vijay Balu Raskar (MBA-Operation & B.E.Electrical)
SSC- Science
vijayraskar2003@yahoo.co.in / vijay.raskar1986@gmail.com
Prepared by Vijay Balu Raskar (MBA-Operation & B.E.Electrical)
SSC- Science
vijayraskar2003@yahoo.co.in / vijay.raskar1986@gmail.com
Prepared by Vijay Balu Raskar (MBA-Operation & B.E.Electrical)
SSC- Science
vijayraskar2003@yahoo.co.in / vijay.raskar1986@gmail.com
Prepared by Vijay Balu Raskar (MBA-Operation & B.E.Electrical)
SSC- Science
vijayraskar2003@yahoo.co.in / vijay.raskar1986@gmail.com
Prepared by Vijay Balu Raskar (MBA-Operation & B.E.Electrical)
SSC- Science
vijayraskar2003@yahoo.co.in / vijay.raskar1986@gmail.com
Prepared by Vijay Balu Raskar (MBA-Operation & B.E.Electrical)
55
SSC- Science
vijayraskar2003@yahoo.co.in / vijay.raskar1986@gmail.com
Prepared by Vijay Balu Raskar (MBA-Operation & B.E.Electrical)
SSC- Science
vijayraskar2003@yahoo.co.in / vijay.raskar1986@gmail.com
Prepared by Vijay Balu Raskar (MBA-Operation & B.E.Electrical)
RESPIRATION PROCESS:
It is the complex process.
An aquatic animal living in water uses oxygen dissolved
in water.
57
SSC- Science
vijayraskar2003@yahoo.co.in / vijay.raskar1986@gmail.com
Prepared by Vijay Balu Raskar (MBA-Operation & B.E.Electrical)
SSC- Science
vijayraskar2003@yahoo.co.in / vijay.raskar1986@gmail.com
Prepared by Vijay Balu Raskar (MBA-Operation & B.E.Electrical)
HEART:
Diagram:
It is a muscular organ.
Heart pumps blood.
Heart is covered by pericardial membrane.
Its weight is nearly 360gm.
Heart have two chambers, left and right chamber.
Chambers are used to prevent mixing of bloods.
Separation of blood is essential for high energy.
It is used to maintain body temperature.
Each chamber is divided into two chambers. Upper and
lower
Upper chamber is called atrium.
Lower chamber is called as ventricle.
Human heart has four chambers.
CIRCULATION OF BLOOD WITHIN THE HEART:
1) The muscles of the atria are relaxed.
2) Right atrium receives deoxygenated blood from different
organs via large veins.
59
SSC- Science
vijayraskar2003@yahoo.co.in / vijay.raskar1986@gmail.com
Prepared by Vijay Balu Raskar (MBA-Operation & B.E.Electrical)
60
SSC- Science
vijayraskar2003@yahoo.co.in / vijay.raskar1986@gmail.com
Prepared by Vijay Balu Raskar (MBA-Operation & B.E.Electrical)
61
SSC- Science
vijayraskar2003@yahoo.co.in / vijay.raskar1986@gmail.com
Prepared by Vijay Balu Raskar (MBA-Operation & B.E.Electrical)
SSC- Science
vijayraskar2003@yahoo.co.in / vijay.raskar1986@gmail.com
Prepared by Vijay Balu Raskar (MBA-Operation & B.E.Electrical)
63
SSC- Science
vijayraskar2003@yahoo.co.in / vijay.raskar1986@gmail.com
Prepared by Vijay Balu Raskar (MBA-Operation & B.E.Electrical)
SSC- Science
vijayraskar2003@yahoo.co.in / vijay.raskar1986@gmail.com
Prepared by Vijay Balu Raskar (MBA-Operation & B.E.Electrical)
SSC- Science
vijayraskar2003@yahoo.co.in / vijay.raskar1986@gmail.com
Prepared by Vijay Balu Raskar (MBA-Operation & B.E.Electrical)
SSC- Science
vijayraskar2003@yahoo.co.in / vijay.raskar1986@gmail.com
Prepared by Vijay Balu Raskar (MBA-Operation & B.E.Electrical)
SSC- Science
vijayraskar2003@yahoo.co.in / vijay.raskar1986@gmail.com
Prepared by Vijay Balu Raskar (MBA-Operation & B.E.Electrical)
SSC- Science
vijayraskar2003@yahoo.co.in / vijay.raskar1986@gmail.com
Prepared by Vijay Balu Raskar (MBA-Operation & B.E.Electrical)
69
SSC- Science
vijayraskar2003@yahoo.co.in / vijay.raskar1986@gmail.com
Prepared by Vijay Balu Raskar (MBA-Operation & B.E.Electrical)
SSC- Science
vijayraskar2003@yahoo.co.in / vijay.raskar1986@gmail.com
Prepared by Vijay Balu Raskar (MBA-Operation & B.E.Electrical)
SSC- Science
vijayraskar2003@yahoo.co.in / vijay.raskar1986@gmail.com
Prepared by Vijay Balu Raskar (MBA-Operation & B.E.Electrical)
SSC- Science
vijayraskar2003@yahoo.co.in / vijay.raskar1986@gmail.com
Prepared by Vijay Balu Raskar (MBA-Operation & B.E.Electrical)
73
SSC- Science
vijayraskar2003@yahoo.co.in / vijay.raskar1986@gmail.com
Prepared by Vijay Balu Raskar (MBA-Operation & B.E.Electrical)
SSC- Science
vijayraskar2003@yahoo.co.in / vijay.raskar1986@gmail.com
Prepared by Vijay Balu Raskar (MBA-Operation & B.E.Electrical)
75
SSC- Science
vijayraskar2003@yahoo.co.in / vijay.raskar1986@gmail.com
Prepared by Vijay Balu Raskar (MBA-Operation & B.E.Electrical)
SSC- Science
vijayraskar2003@yahoo.co.in / vijay.raskar1986@gmail.com
Prepared by Vijay Balu Raskar (MBA-Operation & B.E.Electrical)
77
SSC- Science
vijayraskar2003@yahoo.co.in / vijay.raskar1986@gmail.com
Prepared by Vijay Balu Raskar (MBA-Operation & B.E.Electrical)
SSC- Science
vijayraskar2003@yahoo.co.in / vijay.raskar1986@gmail.com
Prepared by Vijay Balu Raskar (MBA-Operation & B.E.Electrical)
79
SSC- Science
vijayraskar2003@yahoo.co.in / vijay.raskar1986@gmail.com
Prepared by Vijay Balu Raskar (MBA-Operation & B.E.Electrical)
SSC- Science
vijayraskar2003@yahoo.co.in / vijay.raskar1986@gmail.com
Prepared by Vijay Balu Raskar (MBA-Operation & B.E.Electrical)
SSC- Science
vijayraskar2003@yahoo.co.in / vijay.raskar1986@gmail.com
Prepared by Vijay Balu Raskar (MBA-Operation & B.E.Electrical)
SSC- Science
vijayraskar2003@yahoo.co.in / vijay.raskar1986@gmail.com
Prepared by Vijay Balu Raskar (MBA-Operation & B.E.Electrical)
SSC- Science
vijayraskar2003@yahoo.co.in / vijay.raskar1986@gmail.com
Prepared by Vijay Balu Raskar (MBA-Operation & B.E.Electrical)
SSC- Science
vijayraskar2003@yahoo.co.in / vijay.raskar1986@gmail.com
Prepared by Vijay Balu Raskar (MBA-Operation & B.E.Electrical)
SSC- Science
vijayraskar2003@yahoo.co.in / vijay.raskar1986@gmail.com
Prepared by Vijay Balu Raskar (MBA-Operation & B.E.Electrical)
86
SSC- Science
vijayraskar2003@yahoo.co.in / vijay.raskar1986@gmail.com
Prepared by Vijay Balu Raskar (MBA-Operation & B.E.Electrical)
SSC- Science
vijayraskar2003@yahoo.co.in / vijay.raskar1986@gmail.com
Prepared by Vijay Balu Raskar (MBA-Operation & B.E.Electrical)
SSC- Science
vijayraskar2003@yahoo.co.in / vijay.raskar1986@gmail.com
Prepared by Vijay Balu Raskar (MBA-Operation & B.E.Electrical)
SSC- Science
vijayraskar2003@yahoo.co.in / vijay.raskar1986@gmail.com
Prepared by Vijay Balu Raskar (MBA-Operation & B.E.Electrical)
90
SSC- Science
vijayraskar2003@yahoo.co.in / vijay.raskar1986@gmail.com
Prepared by Vijay Balu Raskar (MBA-Operation & B.E.Electrical)
91