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Show 2015
HALL 4
STAND 4-452
27
Cover photo: Valspar Coatings Provide Tough Finish on Arctic Cat Sleds
19 Photovoltaics Heat Up
27 Powder Coatings Market
30 Sherwin-Williams Product Finishes: Beacon Products Case Study
32 Biocides Directory
34
Novel Polyurethane Coatings Obtained with Polycarbonate Diol for
COLUMNS
Business Corner.................................................... 22
Change... Driving It
iPaint..................................................................... 24
Freedom of Information Act vs. Secrecy of Your Trade
Secrets
DEPARTMENTS
Editorial.................................................................. 6
As We Go to Press.................................................. 8
Fresh Paint............................................................ 10
Patents.................................................................. 17
Market Reports..................................................... 18
New Products....................................................... 26
Industry News....................................................... 43
Suppliers Corner................................................... 45
People.................................................................. 46
Meetings............................................................... 47
Final Coat.............................................................. 50
ADVERTISING SECTIONS
Classified Ads....................................................... 48
Advertising Index.................................................. 49
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December 2014 www.coatingsworld.com
Coatings World | 5
Editors Page
Global Powder
Coatings Market
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December 2014
We create
chemistry
so that yard
equipment
loves outdoor
conditions.
As We Go To Press
Index to Companies
This index gives the starting page for a department or feature with a significant reference to a manufacturer of paint, coatings, adhesives and sealants
Subsidiaries are indexed under their own names.
AkzoNobel................................................................................................. 10, 27
Anvil Paint and Coatings.................................................................................. 46
Axalta...............................................................................................8, 10, 27, 50
BASF................................................................................................................ 10
Behr................................................................................................................. 10
PaintSolutions.................................................................................................. 10
PPG.............................................................................................8, 10, 17, 26, 46
Quest Automotive Products............................................................................. 46
Sherwin-Williams....................................................................................... 27, 30
Sika.................................................................................................................. 10
Valspar..................................................................................................10, 17, 27
3M................................................................................................................... 17
December 2014
Fresh Paint
PPG Industries has finalized the acquisition of Consorcio Comex, S.A. de C.V.
(Comex), an architectural coatings company with headquarters in Mexico City,
Mexico, in a transaction valued at $2.3
billion.
We are pleased to have successfully
completed this acquisition, the secondlargest in our companys history, as it
adds a leading architectural coatings
business in Mexico and Central America
to our portfolio, said Charles E. Bunch,
PPG chairman and CEO. We look forward to working with the Comex team as
we integrate the business into PPG.
Comex manufactures coatings and related products in Mexico and sells them
in Mexico and Central America through
more than 3,700 stores that are independently owned and operated by more than
700 concessionaires. Comex also sells its
products through regional retailers and
wholesalers, and directly to customers.
The company has approximately 3,900
employees, eight manufacturing facilities and six distribution centers, and had
sales of approximately $1 billion in 2013.
Comex was founded in 1952.
AkzoNobel Develops
Additive to Make Roads
Safer
AkzoNobel has launched an additive for
road salt which helps to protect against
frost damage and makes driving safer.
Inspired by the ability of certain
animals to withstand cold and prevent ice forming in their bodies, Ecosel
AsphaltProtection is a fully biodegradable additive for de-icing brine. It works
by slowing the freezing process, resulting in soft, slushy ice, rather than hard,
abrasive ice. After in-depth research and
development, the product is available to
customers in Italy and the Netherlands.
Adding Ecosel AsphaltProtection
to normal winter road salt can reduce
frost damage by around 50 percent,
explained Werner Fuhrmann, member
of the AkzoNobel Executive Committee
responsible for Specialty Chemicals.
Municipalities and governments will
substantially benefit from the results - less
need for road repairs, fewer traffic jams,
lower maintenance costs and greater road
safety.
He added that by extending the
35 Waterview Boulevard
Parsippany, New Jersey 07054
+1 973 404 6600
info@dica.com
Fresh Paint
customers.
Headquartered
in
Huangshan,
China, Axalta
Huajia Coatings is committed to
building scale and focusing on localizing
its powder coating solutions for Chinese
customers. With six powder coating operations across China, Axalta Huajia
Coatings has increased manufacturing
capacity and product range to meet the
growing demand for high quality powder
coatings for its customers in China. In
2014, Axalta added new capacity at the
Qingpu manufacturing center to meet the
rapid growth of the China powder coatings market.
Mike Cash, senior vice president and
president of Axaltas global Industrial
Coatings business, said, Our China operation is critical to the growth of our
global business. Demand for powder
coatings in China is booming and Axalta
Huajia Coatings is ready for the challenge. Combining our global technology
and local expertise, we will further enhance our market leader position in the
powder coatings industry in China.
Axalta is focusing on adding new innovative products to meet the growing
demand for high quality powder coating
solutions. The recently launched Alesta
ZeroZinc, a zinc and heavy metal-free
powder primer formulation is designed
for customers who demand high performance and an environmentally responsible solution combined with the ability to
help generate operational savings due to
lower equipment maintenance costs.
Stellix
Suitable for all in-store furniture and fixtures as well as store fronts.
Powder coatings based on polyester, hybrid, epoxy and polyester super durable.
Batch-to-batch consistency.
Advanced quality and high degree of color consistency.
For additional information or to order a catalog, contact a TIGER sales manager.
Visit us at GLOBALSHOP
Mandalay Bay | Las Vegas, NV
Mar 24-26, 2015 | Booth 1429
Fresh Paint
AkzoNobel Strengthens
Middle East Presence with
New Powder Coatings
Facility
AkzoNobel has started operations at its
new powder coatings plant in Dubai. The
facility will significantly increase capacity
for the companys Interpon and Resicoat
products.
The site is AkzoNobels sixth manufacturing plant in the Middle East and its
30th producing powder coatings around
the world.
This investment will further boost
AkzoNobels position in the Middle East
and strengthen our ability to serve the fastgrowing regional powder coatings market, said Conrad Keijzer, AkzoNobels
Executive Committee member responsible for Performance Coatings.
The plant will target growing regional
demand for decorative powder coatings
December 2014
Fresh Paint
Europe
Europe has the most blue
vehicles on the road, with
the main interest in light
and mid shades
Major increases in blue were seen
in the compact/sport and intermediate multi-purpose vehicle (MPV)
categories
Silver and white have continued to
decline
Green is not catching the eye of the
car buyer, and it remains at only one
percent popularity
Asia
There is a strong preference for
white at 30 percent, with the highest
usage in South Korea at 34 percent
Black has dropped slightly in preference, but holds second place at 19
percent
Black is most popular on luxury vehicles in China at 24 percent
Blue is more popular in Japan than
in other countries in Asia.
Coatings World | 15
Fresh Paint
PPG Distributor
Donates Pink Tugboat
Paint to Increase
Breast Cancer
Awareness
CHEMARK
Protection of Trade SecretsIt's Elemental
Youve spent years developing your products. Where
would your business be if someone walked off with your
secret formula? Your client lists? Your confidential
business strategy?
At McDaniel and Associates, not only are we skilled in
protecting your trade secrets, but at the core of our business
are scientists who have long been involved in the specialty
chemicals industry. We understand the challenges specific to
our industry and can assist you in safeguarding and
defending the security of your most valuable assets.
*TRADE SECRET AUDITS
*INNOVATION PROTECTION
www.technologylitigators.com
THE
CHEMARK
CONSULTING
GROUP
Chemark Consulting Group is
a 30-year-old management
consulting firm that
concentrates on tactical &
strategic activities surrounding
all industries pertaining to coatings, adhesives, sealants,
resins, polymers and additives.
Since 1975, its global clients
include product formulators,
raw materials and application
equipment suppliers and
end-users.
Core Competencies
Value Implications for CLIENTS
Value Systems Analysis
Customer Relationship
Management
Market Integrity Assessment
Position, Growth,
Competitive, Image Analysis
New Business Development
Market Research
Strategy Business Assessment
& Planning
COATINGS
ADHESIVES
SEALANTS
&
SPECIALTY
CHEMICALS
December 2014
Patents
GM Global Technology
Operations Patents SelfRepairing Polymer
U.S. 8,633,293 B2
GM Global Technology Operations has
been granted a patent for a polymer comprised of a reaction product of an epoxy
resin; a first crosslinking agent reactive
with the epoxy resin and having a first
molecular weight; and a second crosslinking agent reactive with the epoxy resin,
wherein the second crosslinking agent is
an amine having a polyether backbone,
at least one amino group attached to the
polyether backbone, and a second molecular weight of at least 2.5 times greater
than the first molecular weight; wherein
the polymer has a first phase having a first
glass transition temperature at which the
polymer is transformable between a first
shape and a second shape; wherein the
second crosslinking agent is crystallizable within the polymer and thereby has
3M Patents Aqueous
Coating Composition
U.S. 8,633,263 B2
3M has received a patent for a composition comprised of an aqueous continuous
liquid phase; and core-shell particles dispersed in the aqueous continuous liquid
phase, each core-shell particle comprising
a polymer core surrounded by a shell consisting essentially of nonporous spherical
silica particles disposed on the polymer
core, wherein the polymer core comprises
at least one polymer, wherein a weight
ratio of a total amount of the nonporous
spherical silica particles in the composition to a total amount of the at least one
polymer in the composition is in a range
of from 85:15 to 95:5, wherein the nonporous spherical silica particles have a
volume average particle diameter of 60
nanometers or less, and wherein the composition has a pH value of less than 5. CW
Coatings World | 17
Market Reports
FEATURE
Photovoltaic Paint
Heats Up
Charles W. Thurston, Contributing Writer
variety of research companies and universities are working to advance spray-on organic photovoltaics (OPV)
with the aim of coating glass, curved plastics and other
materials at commercial volume in the near future. A key to
several of these developments is that a manufacturing process
likely will evolve using roll-to-roll or sheet-to-sheet technology
in conjunction with jet spray.
Part of the funding for these advances is coming from the
U.S. Department of Energys (DOE) SunShot program, aimed at
improving solar and driving down the cost. The federal government estimates the United States can save $40 billion per year
by reducing energy use in commercial buildings by 20 percent
by 2020.
In early November, Scottsdale, AZ-based NanoFlex Power
Corp. won a $1.35 million cooperative award from SunShot,
under the Next Generation Photovoltaics 3 program; it was
the only project awarded for OPV research and development
in this round of financing, NanoFlex announced. The company is conducting Gallium Arsenide (GaAs) solar cells research
with the University of Southern California and the University of
Michigan, which are leaders in the field of organic electronics,
including organic light emitting diodes, or OLEDs, and OPV.
Under the award, the University of Michigan will advance
the practical viability of OPV by demonstrating reliable, large
area and high-efficiency organic multi-junction cells based on
small molecule materials systems. The projects goals focus on
improving the conversion efficiency of OPV cells to more than
18 percent, increasing cell lifetimes to over 20 years, and demonstrating ultra-rapid fabrication processes through proprietary
vapor phase deposition and roll-to-roll application of package
encapsulation.
Coatings World | 19
In the absence
of action on
emissions by
the EU, national
governments
may pass their
own measures
to control
volatile organic
compounds
and other air
pollutants.
by Sean Milmo
European Correspondent
milmocw@rodmanmedia.com
Change... Driving It
by Phil Phillips, PhD
Contributing Editor
phillips@chemarkconsulting.net
T
Central to
transformational
change goal
should be a
sustainable
step change
in a companys
performance and
health.
What is Aspiration?
Central to transformational change goal should
be a sustainable step change in a companys
performance and health. A transformational
change must be nestled in a spirit that unites the
dissimilar elements of the organizational change
itself. Besides the basics of improving profitability, market value and ROCE, it must incorporate the highlights of corporate health which,
when done effectively, encourages executives to
think about the organization as a system whose
parts are reciprocally interdependent.
22 | Coatings World www.coatingsworld.com
Timetable?
Typically, timetables of three to five years for an
overall goal of transformation can seem too distant
for management and employees lost in thought by
short-term pressures. At this point, the journey
must be broken out into bites of time and progress toward the overall transformational goal.
Articulating and visioning progressive goal
achievements is desirable for two reasons:
A midpoint goal is sufficiently close at
hand to be described as highly tangible
Contrastingly, the fact that this midpoint
goal/target is just a station along the progressive path, reinforces its rank as something that even could be surpassed.
Ideas
There is no doubt a central need for the BIG IDEA
is implicit in the transformational strategic targeted goal. However, the subordinated support
themes that underlie the success of the BIG IDEA,
must constantly being developed as a flow of fuel
to the transformation process itself. The common
failures center on leaders being inactive and NOT
dynamic in refreshing these underpinnings.
Many times leaders are willing to be satisfied
with ideas that are merely good enough, which
leads to a de-energizing of the organization versus
a constant stretch its people need.
Now comes the fun part of preemptively trying to scare off disclosure of
your commercial secrets . . . invoking one
of the exemptions to FOIA and keeping
your information from being released.
The most relevant of these techniques
is Exemption 4 to the FOIA (5 U.S.C.
552(b)(4))which states this section does
not apply to matters that are trade
New Products
PPG Industries has developed a chromatefree, lightweight sealant for corrosioninhibitive military aircraft applications.
Visitors at the National Business Aviation
Association Convention and Exhibition
learned about PRC PR-2870 Class B sealant at the PPG booth during the event in
Orlando, Florida, at the Orange County
Convention Center.
According to Bill Keller, PPG
Aerospace global segment manager for
sealants, the eco-friendly sealant uses
PPG-patented technologies and is designed as a replacement option for PROSEAL 870 sealant.
PR-2870 sealant is a new-generation,
corrosion-inhibitive sealant for aerodynamic smoothing, structural surface
sealing, fay sealing and pressure fuselage sealing applications, Keller said. It
weighs 30 percent less by volume than
PRO-SEAL 870 sealant, has low specific
gravity and is chromate-free to meet the
needs of todays aviation industry.
Other benefits include low levels of
volatile organic compounds (VOCs)
and rapid cure time, he said. The new
PPG sealant is qualified to U.S. Military
Specification MIL-PRF-81733, often used
by general aviation aircraft manufacturers to select products.
Keller said PR-2870 is the result of
PPGs collaboration on a project sponsored
by the Strategic Environmental Research
and Development Program (SERDP) to
develop an eco-friendly corrosion-inhibitive sealant offering high performance.
FEATURE
The Powder
Coatings Market
Arctic Cat has built a reputation for high-performance sleds for aggressive trail riding and racing. It expects the quality and durability of its coatings to match
the performance of Arctic Cat equipment. They turned to Valspar for design of a coatings system for the exterior of sleds that delivers robust performance yearafter-year in extreme outdoor conditions. Valspar powder coatings provide durable, rugged protection on the undercarriage of the sled against a harsh range of
environments and chemicals. Valspar also helped Arctic Cat redesign its coating application process for maximum efficiency.
www.coatingsworld.com
Coatings World | 27
be limited to liquid coatings technology. Because of this, manufacturers will benefit from the traditional benefits of powder
technology, like low-VOC formulations and durable protection,
as well as more efficient operations.
Axalta sees the emerging markets as offering the best opportunity for growth. More specifically, according to many
economic metrics, countries in Asia, such as China, India and
pockets of ASEAN, are generating impressive economic growth,
said Sante. For this reason, for example, we recently invested
to expand production capacity at two of our powder coating
plants in China that are part of the Axalta Huajia joint venture.
Axaltas newest powder coatings include three new products. Abcite thermoplastic powder coating is formulated for
toughness, durability and outstanding corrosion protection,
without the need of a primer. Abcites properties are derived
from engineered polyolefin-based polymers combining toughness, excellent adhesion to substrates and resistance to shock,
said Sante. Unlike thermosetting powder settings, Abcite simply melts onto a pre-heated surface. When cooled, adhesion,
appearance and physical properties are established without the
need for curing.
Alesta ZeroZinc is Axaltas latest next generation of zinc free
anticorrosion primers. The ZeroZinc family includes a Steel
Primer for ferrous substrates, an Edge Primer for steel and
aluminum substrates with sharp edges and an Antigassing
Primer, which offers a tailored solution for degassing substrates.
Nap-Gard High Tg 7-2555 is a next generation product
which can withstand continuous operating temperatures of
155C (311F). It is a thermosetting epoxy powder designed
for use as a corrosion barrier coating for underground and subsea pipelines that operate in high temperature service, added
Sante. It can be used as a corrosion coating in a stand-alone
or dual-powder coating system or as a corrosion coating under
multi-layer insulation systems. When used in conjunction with
Axaltas most recent dual layer system Nap-Gard 7-2675, the
operating system increases to 180C (356F). The second layer
is designed to ensure reduced water permeability and improved
chemical resistance.
AkzoNobel has launched a string of innovative products over
the past year. This includes Interpon Cr, which is intended as a
substitute for chrome plating in a number of interior applications. Interpon Cr, part of AkzoNobels Interpon powder coatings range, combines a chrome-like finish with the performance
of a two-coat powder coating for applications such as furniture,
lighting and other interior fixtures. The unique combination of a
highly reflective base coat layer with a clear top coat also offers
outstanding resistance to finger marking, the company stated.
We also launched Interpon Align, an innovative two-coat,
one-bake powder coating product that offers customers significant productivity and energy efficiency improvements and
can also result in lower capital investment, said Kiefer. Utilizing
dry-on-dry coatings technology, Interpon Align delivers superior edge coverage and corrosion performance, while eliminating
one full cure cycle. The result is a shortened coating cycle leading to improved productivity and, in some cases, reduced capital
December 2014
Axalta Presents Advances in Powder Coatings for Corrosion Protection and Visual Appeal
Chemists Christopher Lopez and Reena Reddy from Axalta
Coating Systems recently presented their work on powder coatings at FABTECH 2014 in Atlanta, Georgia. Lopezs talk showcased the use of Axaltas fusion bonded epoxy (FBE) powder
coatings that are designed to help protect metal pipelines for
transporting oil, gas or water. Reddys presentation focused on
Axaltas powder coatings that have metallic visual effects for exterior and interior applications.
FBE powder coatings are widely used to help protect pipeline structures from corrosion, given that they are formulated to
offer enhanced physical and chemical stability, resistance to soil
stress, adhesion to metal, and resistance to abrasion and corrosion mitigation.
Properties of the FBE are affected by selection of epoxy resin
and other components, such as curing agents, pigments and additives, explained Lopez. When we develop our FBE coatings,
we consider not only the coating properties that we desire, such
as corrosion protection, flexibility, impact resistance and chemical resistance, but also the application process that our customers
use to apply the coatings. In addition, we also provide a variety
of powder coating systems such as single layer systems and dual
layer systems to help meet our customers needs, Lopez added.
The durability and stability of powder coatings can help to
maintain the structural integrity of the underlying metal that they
are designed to protect. However, when special effect metallic
Coatings World | 29
FEATURE
December 2014
after tanks.
Continuous improvement
The road to finishing line improvements never ends. Sherwin-Williams and Beacon meet on a regular basis to discuss any issues that
may arise and work together to resolve them.
If we have a situation with a powder coating process, Sherwin-Williams works through it to determine root cases, Romano
said. For example, we had some outgassing issues on a particular casting; they helped us work on our preheating to eliminate most
of the outgassing before powder coating.
Beacon estimates that even though its business has increased, the efficiencies gained in the finishing line have allowed the company to complete its work with just one shift per day.
We have been able to increase the number of parts that we move through the finishing line while maintaining quality, Romano said.
Sherwin-Williams has helped us increase our throughput. CW
December 2014 www.coatingsworld.com
Coatings World | 31
FEATURE
DIRECTORY
www.kumarorganic.com
coatings@kumarorganic.net
Janssen PMP
Titusville, NJ, USA
609-730-2609
www.janssenpmp.com
info@janssenpmp.com
Copper Pyrithione
Biocide used as antifungal agent in antifouling paints. Used
in combination with cuprous oxide and cuprous thiocyanate.
Characteristic minimal solubility enables prevention of hard
fouling in hull and outer part of ships. Also used in painting
offshore structures and static research equipments at sea.
Lanxess Corporation
Pittsburgh, PA, USA
412-809-3553
Fax: 412-809-1082
www.mpp.us.lanxess.com
patricia.souza@lanxess.com
ECONEA
ECONEA represents the latest generation of active substances
for use in antifouling paints to prevent the settlement of unwanted aquatic organisms on ship hulls and other marine structures. More information can be found at www.econea.com.
Zinc Pyrithione
Biocide used as antifungal agent in decorative and architectural
water-based paints. Also used in powder form in soft fouling,
marine paints. Preferred due to negligible solubility in water and
usage up to 2500 ppm. Effective in leaching prevention.
Bangalore, India
+91-80-41425832
Fax: +91-80-26715688
32 | Coatings World
www.coatingsworld.com
December 2014
Lonza
Basel, Switzerland
800-523-7301
www.lonza.com
industrial.solutions@lonza.com
Omadine Technology
Color-stable preservation based on Zing Pyrithione chemistry.
Long lasting, broad spectrum dry film protection.
Proxel Technology
Innovative in-can protection for long term performance.
Effective against bacteria, fungi and yeasts in a wide range of
industrial, aqueous-based products.
Troy Corporation
Florham Park, NJ, USA
(973) 443-4200
Fax: (973) 443-0843
marketing@troycorp.com
www.troycorp.com
Polyphase S99
New Polyphase S99 is an advanced, low-leaching, Diuron-free
fungicide + algaecide that offers excellent performance at low
Coatings World | 33
FEATURE
everal substrates are severely exposed to aggressive outdoor environments (abrasion, corrosion, resistance to
chemical or solvents, degradation by moisture or water),
and to prevent the reduction of their properties due to degradation several coatings of different nature are commonly used.
In the particular case of piping for the oil and mining industry,
degradation is a key concern as inside the pipeline corrosive fluids containing solid particles are circulating. For increasing the
durability of the pipelines they are internally coated to increase
their lifetime and increase the time for maintenance [1]. These
coatings are commonly based on polymeric materials, more specifically semi-rigid polyurethanes [2]. Polyether diol-based polyurethane coatings are currently used for pipelines due to their
relatively good water resistance but their wear resistance and
stability against oils and solvents, as well as thermal stability
are not fully satisfactory [3]. Typically, the drawbacks of these
polyurethane coatings have been solved by incorporating additives particularly fillers of different nature and size (nano-silica,
zinc oxide, alumina particles [4-6]) for increasing their abrasion
resistance.
As compared to the polyurethanes obtained with polyether or
polyester, due to the higher molar attraction constant of the carbonate groups, the polyurethanes prepared with polycarbonate
December 2014
Experimental
Materials
In this study two different polyols of different nature were
used in the formulations of polyurethanes. One of the polyols was polytetramethylene glycol (PTMEG) with molecular
weight 1000 Da and it was chosen to obtain polyether diolbased polyurethanes (the typical formulation in the current
internal coating for pipeline), and the other polyol was a
copolymer of polycarbonate of 1,6-hexanediol and 1,5-pentanediol of molecular weight 500 Da PCD - (Eternacoll
PH50, UBE Chemical Europe S.A., Castelln, Spain).
Different mixtures on PTMEG and PCD were prepared for
obtaining synergistic properties, i.e. combining the advantages of the polyether polyurethanes (i.e. good flexibility) and of
the polycarbonate diol polyurethanes (i.e. high abrasion and
mechanical resistance, high hydrolytic resistante). Polymeric
diphenylmethane diisocyanate (pMDI) with 24% free NCO
content and 2.1 average functionality was used.
Polyurethanes were prepared by using the one shot method.
Prepolymers were obtained by reacting pMDI with the polyols,
and 1,4-butanediol was used as chain extender.
Experimental techniques
Thermal properties were measured using thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA) in TGA system by heating from room
temperature to 800C at 10C/min under nitrogen atmosphere. Furthermore, the structure of the polyurethanes
was analyzed by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) using DSC system by heating from -70C to 100C at 10C/
min under nitrogen atmosphere followed by cooling down
to -70C and carrying out a second heating from -70C to
100C at 10C/min.
Abrasion resistance was evaluated using rotational abrameter using abrasion wheel according to ISO 54701 standard.
Surface topography of the eroded polyurethane coatings after
abrasion was qualitatively analyzed by optical microscopy.
Shore A hardness of the polyurethane films was measured
with durometer, equipped with pin load according to standard
ISO 868:2003.
Mechanical properties of the polyurethane films were obtained by stress-strain tests and resistance to tear. The stressstrain tests were carried out in dog bone test specimens of
polyurethanes obtained according ISO 37 standard. The resistance to tear of the polyurethane films was obtained from tear
strength tests according ISO 34-1 standard. In both cases, the
experiments were carried out in universal testing machine using
a pulling rate of 50 mm/min (stress-strain test) and 500 mm/
min (tear test).
The hydrolytic resistance of the polyurethane films was estimated from stress-strain and tear strength tests of aged polyurethane films carried out by soaking in water at 70C for 15
days, according to ASTM D-471 standard. After degrading the
polyurethane films, they were also characterized by using TGA
and DSC.
Experimental methodology
The effect of the amount of polycarbonate diol in the polyols mixture (PCD + PTMEG) and the NCO/OH ratio on the properties of
the polyurethane films were studied. In order to find the optimal
formulation, a statistical experiments design methodology was applied for analyzing the combined effect of the two variables simultaneously; the abrasion resistance was chosen as response variable.
A Doehlert experimental plan was chosen for experiment design
due to its spherical domain and the small number of experiments
required to obtain a second degree response, as well as because of
the high number of levels of study: 5 levels for PCD weight content
in the polyols mixture (0, 25, 50, 75 and 100wt%) and 3 levels for
NCO/OH ratio (1.05, 1.20 and 1.35). Figure 2 shows the distribution of experiments in the Doehlert experimental domain.
Coatings World | 35
prepared with 50 wt% PTMEG + 50 wt% PH50 shows the differentiated thermal decompositions of both polyols.
Mechanical properties of the polyurethanes prepared with
PTMEG, PCD or PTMEG+PCD mixtures
Polyurethanes obtained with polyether diol only show poor
abrasion properties (Table 1), as notable weight loss is obtained
in the coatings by friction. However, in the polyurethanes with
polycarbonate diol in the formulation, the abrasion resistance
was highly improved, even when small amount of polycarbonate diol is added. Furthermore, when the polycarbonate diol
content in the polyurethane was higher than 50wt%, the abrasion properties remain almost constant. The increase in abrasion
in the polyurethanes can be ascribed likely to the higher interactions between polycarbonate chains with respect to these in the
polyether chains (Figure 1).
Using lower values of NCO/OH ratio, a slight improvement
in the wear resistance of the polyurethane films is obtained. This
can be ascribed to higher stiffness of the polyurethanes containing higher number of hard segments, and thus when soft segments
are dominant (such as for low NCO/OH ratios) better resistance
to abrasion with low weight loss is produced. Figure 5 shows the
values of weight loss after abrasion for the polyurethanes prepared
with different NCO/OH ratios and different contents of polycarbonate diol in the polyol mixtures. The better wear resistances are
obtained in the polyurethanes prepared with higher content of
Table 1. Values of abrasion of the polyurethanes prepared with different polyols and NCO/OH ratio of 1.2.
Figure 4. Variation of the weight loss and the derivative of the weight loss
Figure 5. Effect of NCO/OH ratio and different contents of PCD in the polyols
December 2014
Figure 6. (a): Surface response of abrasion in the polyurethanes as a function of the PCD content and NCO/OH ratio. (b): Curvelevels 2D of the abrasion drawn
over the experimental domain.
Coatings World | 37
Figure 10. Values of tear strength of the polyurethanes prepared with PTMEG
only and with 40wt% PTMEG and 60wt% polycarbonate diol mixture.
December 2014
Figure 11. Photos of the polyurethanes before and after water immersion at 70C for 15 days. [Photos by Jos A. Jofre-Reche, Andrs J. Yez-Pacios and Jos
Miguel Martn-Martnez - Adhesion and Adhesives Laboratory University of Alicante]
Figure 12 (next page) shows the TGA thermograms of the polyurethanes prepared with PTMEG only and with a mixture of PTMEG and PH50 (PU- 40wt% PTMEG + 60wt% PH50). The TGA thermograms of the polyurethanes are quite
similar before and after hydrolysis, although in the polyurethane prepared with PTMEG only no residue is obtained at the
end of the experiment (2wt% remained in the polyurethane before hydrolysis). For the polyurethane prepared with 40wt%
PTMEG + 60wt% polycarbonate diol mixture similar residue is obtained (4.7-5.1 wt%). There are fewer residues because
the structure of the PCD is more compact than the polyether one; and the variation of the residue after degradation is more
notable for the PTMEG PU (no residue left) due to the defragmentation of the backbone polymer chains produced by polyether hydrolysis.
December 2014 www.coatingsworld.com
Coatings World | 39
Figure 12. Variation of the weight loss as a function of the temperature of the PU films prepared with PTMEG only and with 40wt% PTMEG + 60wt% polycarbonate diol mixture, before and after water immersion at 70C for 15 days.
property is given in Figure 14 (red bars: polyurethane prepared with polyether only; blue bars: polyurethane prepared
with 40wt% polyether + 60wt% polycarbonate diol). In general, the decrease in the Youngs modulus, elastic limit, toughness and resilience values is more important (up to 70% lower)
in the polyurethane prepared with polyether only (except for
the yield point); however, for the polyurethane prepared with
40wt% polyether + 60wt% polycarbonate diol the reduction
in mechanical properties is lower than 40%. It is interesting
that after water immersion an increase in elongation-at-break
is produced in both polyurethanes.
Figure 13. Stress-strain curves of the polyurethanes before and after water
immersion at 70C for 15 days.
Figure 14. Percentage of variation of the mechanical properties of the polyurethanes prepared with PTMEG only and 40wt% polyether + 60wt% polycarbonate diol mixture after immersion water at 70C for 15 days.
Conclusions
Polyurethane coatings prepared with polycarbonate diol shows
noticeable improvement in abrasion resistance, Shore A hardness, mechanical properties and hydrolytic resistance than in the
December 2014
Table 2. Values of mechanical properties of the polyurethanes before and after water immersion at 70C for 15 days, and percentage of variation of each property.
polyurethane prepared with polyether only. Even with a minor content of polycarbonate diol in the polyols mixture, the improvement
in the properties of the polyurethane is noticeable. The addition of
polycarbonate diol affects more the mechanical properties and hydrolytic resistance of the polyurethane than the increase in the NCO/
OH ratio does. The better mechanical properties and higher hydrolytic resistance of the polyurethanes prepared with polycarbonate
diol can be ascribed to the particular properties of the carbonate
group leading to stronger interactions between the soft segments in
the polyurethanes and therefore favoring the miscibility between the
hard and soft segments.
Acknowledgements
Financial support of UBE Chemical Europe S.A. (Contact person in
UBE: Manuel Colera; e-mail: m.colera@ube.es) is acknowledged.
[5] J.H. Li, R.Y. Hong, M.Y. Li, H.Z. li, Y. Zheng, J. Ding. Effects
of ZnO nanoparticles on the mechanical and antibacterial properties of polyurethane coatings. Progress in Organic Coatings
64(4), 504-509 (2009).
[6] R. Zhou, D.H. Lu, Y.H. Jiang, Q.N. Li. Mechanical properties and erosion wear resistance of polyurethane matrix composites. Wear, 259(1-6), 676-683 (2005).
[7] H. Tanaka, M. Kunimura. Mechanical properties of thermoplastic polyurethanes containing aliphatic polycarbonate soft segments with different chemical structures. Polymer
Engineering & Science, 42(6), 1333-1349 (2002).
[8] V. Garca-Pacios, M. Colera, Y. Iwata, J.M. Martn-Martnez.
Incidence of the polyol nature in waterborne polyurethane dispersions on their performance as coatings on stainless steel.
Progress in Organic Coatings, 76, 1726-1729 (2013).
References
[1] D. Toma, W. Brandl, G. Marginean. Wear and corrosion
behaviour or thermally sprayed cermet coatings. Surface and
Coatings Technology, 138 (2-3), 149-158 (2001).
[2] R.J.K. Wood, Y. Puget, K.R. Trethewey, K. Stokes. The performance of marine coatings and pipe materials under fluidborne sand erosion. Wear 219, 46-59 (1998).
[3] D.K. Chattopahyay, D.C. Webster. Thermal stability and
flame retardancy of polyurethanes. Progress in Polymer Science
34, 1068-1133 (2009).
[4]S. Zhou, L. Wu, J. Sun, W. Shen. The change of the properties of acrylic-based polyurethane via addition of nano-silica.
Progress in Organic Coatings, 45(1), 33-42 (2002).
December 2014
Industry News
Industry News
typical laboratory dry grinding Attritor including a 1.5 gallon grinding tank, a twopiece plastic cover, stainless steel shaft and
arms, a 3 HP, TEFC inverter-duty motor
with a variable frequency controller.
A conversion kit was included in
the package that allows the customer
to convert the SD1 to a Q Circulation
Laboratory Mill. The kit includes a stainless steel, Halar-coated top discharge
chamber, an impeller assembly, a Halarcoated Lub-R plastic grid plate, an axial
seal, an agitator shaft and a sixth arm.
For the circulation process, the system includes a 5-gallon premix/circulation tank
and pumping assembly based on a 1 air
operated diaphragm pump with plastic
housing and Teflon diaphragms and balls.
The system included an optional, portable stand on casters so the customer
could use the mill anywhere in the plant.
Suppliers Corner
Clariant Introduces
New PV Fast Orange
HGR High Performance
Pigment
Clariant, a manufacturer of specialty
chemicals, has added a new color to designers palettes with the launch of orange pigment PV Fast Orange HGR. This
mid-shade orange can be used as a shading pigment or to create new full orange
shades.
PV Fast Orange HGR has high light
and heat stability at low concentrations.
The pigment is suitable for applications
where low warpage is needed. PV Fast
Orange HGR can be used to achieve
product differentiation for consumer
goods and packaging applications, such
as caps and closures and household containers, based on polyolefins and a wide
variety of engineering polymers, including polycarbonate, polystyrene and thermoplastic rubbers.
The pigment is compliant with EU
Regulation 10/2011, and is manufactured at Clariants Azo Pigment and
Pigment Preparation facility in Roha,
India. This proximity to customers in
India and China, where there is increasing demand for high-performance and
cost-efficient coloration solutions, aligns
with Clariants commitment to support
emerging markets with high quality developments. CW
Coatings World | 45
People
Bayer MaterialScience
Names Head of Industrial
Operations and Technology
Bayer MaterialScience has named Klaus
Schfer head of Industrial Operations
and Technology.
He will assume global responsibility
for this unit effective January 1, 2015. At
the same time, he will become a member
of the companys Executive Committee.
Schfer, who previously served in other
leadership roles at Bayer MaterialScience,
will succeed Tony Van Osselaer, who is
retiring after 34 years with the company.
Meetings
2015
January 21 - 23, 2015
The Coatings Summit 2015
Shaping the Future of a Dynamic
Industry
Location:Miami, FL
Contact:International Paint and Printing
Ink Council (IPPIC) and Vincentz
Network
Website:www.european-coatings.com
Email:Kristin.Roubinek@vincentz.net
February 2 - 6, 2015
Polymers & Coatings Winter Short
Course
Phone:601-266-4474
Website:www.waterbornesymposium.
com
Email: waterborne@usm.edu
Location:Cairo International
Convention & Exhibition Centre, Egypt
March 4 - 6, 2015
Spray Finishing Training
Location:Toledo, Ohio
Venue:Owens Community College
Contact:Jaime Wineland
Phone:800-466-9367
Location:Louisville, Ky
Venue:Marriott Louisville Downtown
Contact:Starsha Valentine
Phone:202-462-6272
Location:New Orleans, LA
Venue:Sheraton New Orleans
Contact:USM School of Polymers and
High Performance Materials
April 6 - 9, 2015
Gulf Coating 2015
Location:Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
Venue:Riyadh International Convention
& Exhibition Center
Phone:202-2270 3584
Classifieds
Blades
1-800-243-ROSS
www.mixers.com
www.coatingsworld.com
December 2014
Advertising Index
Company Name
Page
Phone
Website
BASF Corporation
800-231-7868
www.basf.com
14
602-539-2683
www.blairgowrieassociates.com
203-265-2086
www.byk.com
Chemark Consulting
16
910-692-2492
www.chemarkconsulting.net
11
973-404-6600
www.dic-global.com/en/
DYMAX
9 877-396-2988
Heubach Ltd.
800-HEUBACH
Cover 4
540-980-7233
www.hoovercolor.com
16
512-472-8282
www.technologylitigators.com
15
800-257-9365
www.recarroll.com
Cover 2
800-543-2323
www.sunchemical.com
Sun Chemical
Tiger
www.heubachcolor.com
13 800-243-8148
www.dymax-oc.com
www.tiger-coatings.us
Coatings World | 49
Final Coat
December 2014
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bold. For 90 years, we have made legendary earth tone pigments in paints,
stains, concrete, stucco, plastics and a variety of other materials that you
see or use every day. The reason for our longevity is simple. We give our
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and support. It worked for the first 90 years. Let us show you how we can
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2170 Julia Simpkins Road, PO Box 218, Hiwassee, Virginia 24347 USA
phone: (+1) 540.980.7233 fax: (+1) 540.980.8781 email: hoover@hoovercolor.com