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12V, 8A 1.2MHz
Step-Down Regulator
Features
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
Ordering Information
PART
MAX8654ETX+
PINPACKAGE
-40C to +85C
36 TQFN-EP*
IN
Applications
POL Power Supplies
Servers
DDR Memory
RAID Power Supplies
Network Power Supplies
Graphic Cards
TEMP RANGE
BST
OUTPUT
UP TO 8A
VP
LX
VL
VL
VDL
PGND
MAX8654
FREQ
ILIM
REFIN
FB
COMP
SS
SYNC
SYNCOUT
VL
IN
PWRGD
EN
GND
For pricing, delivery, and ordering information, please contact Maxim Direct at 1-888-629-4642,
or visit Maxims website at www.maxim-ic.com.
MAX8654
General Description
MAX8654
12V, 8A 1.2MHz
Step-Down Regulator
ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS
SYNC, VL, PWRGD to GND...................................-0.3V to +4.5V
SYNCOUT, COMP, SS, FB,
REFIN, ILIM, FREQ to GND .....................-0.3V to (VVL + 0.3V)
VDL to PGND............................................................-0.3V to +6V
VP, IN, EN to GND..................................................-0.3V to +16V
LX Current (Note 1: -12A to +12A)
BST to LX .-0.3V to +6V
BST to GND ..-0.3V to (VIN + 6V)
EN to VP and IN-0.3V to (VIN + 0.3V)
Note 1: LX has internal clamp diodes to PGND and IN. Applications that forward bias these diodes should take care not to exceed
the ICs package power-dissipation limits.
Stresses beyond those listed under Absolute Maximum Ratings may cause permanent damage to the device. These are stress ratings only, and functional
operation of the device at these or any other conditions beyond those indicated in the operational sections of the specifications is not implied. Exposure to
absolute maximum rating conditions for extended periods may affect device reliability.
ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS
(VIN = VEN = VVP = 12V, VVDL = 5V, VVL = 3.3V, VSYNC = 0V, VFB = 0.5V, TA = -40C to +85C, typical values are at TA = +25C,
unless otherwise noted.)
PARAMETER
CONDITIONS
MIN
TYP
MAX
UNITS
4.5
14
4.5
5.5
IN/VP
IN and VP Voltage Range
VDL Voltage Range
VP = VDL
VL Output Voltage
IVL = 5mA
IVDL = 50mA
Not switching, no load
IN + VP Supply Current
VL Supply Current
fS = 500kHz, no load,
L = 1.5H
3.3
2.7
VIN = 12V
45
VIN = 4.5V
28
mA
1.6
25
IN + VP Shutdown Current
10
20
3.1
VVL rising
VL Undervoltage Lockout
Threshold
LX starts/stops switching,
2s rising/falling edge deglitch
VVL falling
LX starts/stops switching,
3s rising/falling edge deglitch
VIN falling
2.8
mA
mA
2.9
VIN rising
4.4
3.8
A
V
V
BST
BST Shutdown Supply Current
10
PWM COMPARATOR
PWM Comparator Propagation
Delay
5mV overdrive
16
ns
COMP
COMP Clamp Voltage, High
COMP Slew Rate
COMP Shutdown Resistance
1.8
V/s
_______________________________________________________________________________________
12V, 8A 1.2MHz
Step-Down Regulator
(VIN = VEN = VVP = 12V, VVDL = 5V, VVL = 3.3V, VSYNC = 0V, VFB = 0.5V, TA = -40C to +85C, typical values are at TA = +25C,
unless otherwise noted.)
PARAMETER
CONDITIONS
MIN
TYP
MAX
0.594
0.6
0.606
UNITS
ERROR AMPLIFIER
FB Regulation Voltage
95
dB
Error-Amplifier Unity-Gain
Bandwidth
20
MHz
Error-Amplifier Common-Mode
Input Range
VCOMP = 1V
VFB = 0.6V
1.5
V
mA
-35
nA
REFIN
REFIN Input Bias Current
VREFIN = 0.6V
-60
nA
1.5
ILX = -180mA
ILX = 180mA
LX Current-Limit Threshold
RILIM = 100k
VBST - VLX = 5V
36
64
25
40
Sourcing
10
Sinking
10
RILIM Range
40
LX Leakage Current
VEN = 0V
LX Switching Frequency
RFREQ Range
200
+50
-50
RFREQ = 50k
0.85
1.1
RFREQ = 100k
0.45
0.5
0.55
50
LX Minimum On-Time
Maximum RMS LX Output Current
200
80
(Note 2)
A
k
A
MHz
k
ns
10.5
EN/SS
EN Input Logic-Low Threshold
0.6
1.2
VEN = 0V
EN Input Current
-1
VEN = 14V
SS Current
VSS = 0.45V
7
-10
V
V
-8
-6
500
110
Clock
cycles
Restart Time
900
Clock
cycles
_______________________________________________________________________________________
MAX8654
MAX8654
12V, 8A 1.2MHz
Step-Down Regulator
ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS (continued)
(VIN = VEN = VVP = 12V, VVDL = 5V, VVL = 3.3V, VSYNC = 0V, VFB = 0.5V, TA = -40C to +85C, typical values are at TA = +25C,
unless otherwise noted.)
PARAMETER
CONDITIONS
MIN
TYP
MAX
UNITS
1.20
MHz
SYNC
SYNC Capture Range
SYNC Pulse Width
SYNC Input Threshold
SYNC Input Current
0.25
tLO
100
tHI
100
VIL
0.4
ns
VIH
VSYNC = 0V or 3.6V
1.6
IIL
10
nA
IIH
SYNCOUT
SYNCOUT Frequency Range
0.25
Frequency = 1MHz
ISYNCOUT = 1mA
170
VOH
180
1.2
MHz
190
Degrees
VVL - 0.4
VOL
0.2
THERMAL SHUTDOWN
Thermal-Shutdown Threshold
Thermal-Shutdown Hysteresis
+165
20
90
% of
REFIN
48
Clock
cycles
POWER-GOOD
PWRGD Threshold Voltage
IPWRGD = 4mA
0.03
0.06
0.01
Note 2: All devices are production tested at TA = +25C. Limits over the operating range are guaranteed by design.
_______________________________________________________________________________________
12V, 8A 1.2MHz
Step-Down Regulator
VOUT = 3.3V
40
VOUT = 3.3V
VOUT = 1.8V
40
50
20
20
20
10
10
0.1
SWITCHING FREQUENCY
vs. INPUT VOLTAGE
0.600
0.595
1000
800
600
400
1400
200
-25
25
50
75
100
11
13
TEMPERATURE (C)
LOAD REGULATION
-0.10
-0.15
VOUT = 1.8V
-0.20
-0.25
-0.30
400
50
100
150
200
250
RFREQ (k)
10
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
9.0
8.8
8.6
8.4
8.2
8.0
7.8
7.6
7.4
7.2
-0.35
600
VOUT = 3.3V
-0.05
800
15
MAX8654 toc08
MAX8654 toc07
1000
0
5
125
-50
1200
200
0.590
10
1200
MAX8654 toc05
MAX8654 toc04
0.605
0.1
0.610
0
10
10
VOUT = 1.8V
10
VOUT = 3.3V
40
30
MAX8654 toc03
60
30
0.1
70
30
60
50
80
MAX8654 toc09
VOUT = 1.8V
70
VOUT = 5V
90
EFFICIENCY (%)
VOUT = 5V
50
80
EFFICIENCY (%)
70
90
EFFICIENCY (%)
80
100
MAX8654 toc02
MAX8654 toc01
90
60
MAX8654 toc06
7.0
0
10
12
14
1.5
.2.0
2.5
3.0
3.5
_______________________________________________________________________________________
MAX8654
80
TA = +85C, 200LFM
60
40
20
TA = +25C, 200LFM
-20
ILOAD = 0A
0.1
MAX8654 toc11
100
0.2
OUTPUT VOLTAGE CHANGE (%)
120
EXPOSED PAD TEMPERATURE (C)
LINE REGULATION
MAX8654 toc10
140
ILOAD = 3A
0
-0.1
-0.2
ILOAD = 6A
-0.3
-40
TA = -40C, 200LFM
0
-0.4
11
13
15
SHORT-CIRCUIT RESPONSE
MAX8654 toc12
0.50
CSS = 1000pF
VOUT = 3.3V
2V/div
0V
IOUT
5A/div
0
0.45
VOUT
MAX8654 toc13
-60
0.40
CSS = 1000pF
0.35
0.30
0.25
CSS = 22,000pF
0.20
CSS = 10,000pF
0.15
0.10
1A/div
0
IIN
0.05
0
400s/div
11
13
3.5
3.0
20
0
-20
IOUT = 6A
-40
0.1
2.5
CSS = 10,000pF
PHASE (DEG)
CSS = 1000pF
2.0
10
9
INPUT VOLTAGE (V)
11
1000
83.3
0
-83.3
106.57946kHz
CPI
-166.6
1.0
5
100
166.6
1.5
106.57946kHz
CPI
40
MAX8654 toc15
CSS = 22,000pF
GAIN (dB)
VOUT = 3.3V
4.0
MAX8654
12V, 8A 1.2MHz
Step-Down Regulator
13
0.1
10
100
FREQUENCY (kHz)
_______________________________________________________________________________________
1000
12V, 8A 1.2MHz
Step-Down Regulator
SOFT-START TIME
vs. CSS
LOAD TRANSIENT
MAX8654 toc16
MAX8654 toc17
10
9
AC-COUPLED
IOUT
2A/div
8
SOFT-START TIME (ms)
100mV/div
VOUT
7
6
5
4
3
2
0A
1
0
20s/div
0.025
0.050 0.075
CSS (F)
10V/div
VEN
0V
2A/div
IIN
0
2V/div
VOUT
0V
VPWRGD
2V/div
0V
200s/div
MAX8654 toc19
500mV/div
VREFIN
0V
10mV/div
VLX1
0V
2A/div
IIN
0
10V/div
VLX2
0V
2V/div
VOUT
0V
ILX1
2V/div
0V
ILX2
2A/div
VPWRGD
40s/div
2A/div
400ns/div
_______________________________________________________________________________________
MAX8654
MAX8654
12V, 8A 1.2MHz
Step-Down Regulator
Pin Description
PIN
NAME
1, 2, 3, 34,
35, 36
PGND
VDL
58
IN
Power-Supply Input. Input supply range is from 4.5V to 14V. Bypass with two 10F and a 0.1F ceramic
capacitors to PGND. See Figure 1.
VP
Input of the Internal 5V LDO Regulator. Connect to IN if a 5V supply is not available. Connect to an external
5V supply to disable the internal 5V regulator.
10
VL
3.3V LDO for Internal Chip Supply. Bypass with a 1F ceramic capacitor to GND.
11
ILIM
12
FREQ
Oscillator Frequency Selection. Connect a resistor from FREQ to GND to set the internal oscillator
frequency. See the Frequency Select (FREQ) section for more details.
13, 32
GND
14
REFIN
External Reference Input. Connect to an external reference. FB regulates to the voltage applied to REFIN.
Connect REFIN to SS to use the internal 0.6V reference. REFIN is internally pulled to GND when the IC is in
shutdown mode.
15
SS
Soft-Start Input. Connect a capacitor from SS to GND to set the startup time. See the Soft-Start and REFIN
section for details.
16
COMP
17
FB
18
PWRGD
19
SYNCOUT
20
SYNC
21
BST
2229
LX
30, 33
N.C.
31
EN
Enable Input. Logic input to enable/disable the MAX8654. Drive EN high to enable the IC. Drive EN low to
place the IC in a low-power shutdown mode.
EP
Exposed Pad. Connect to a large PGND ground plane to optimize thermal performance. EP is internally
connected to GND and PGND.
FUNCTION
Power Ground. All PGND pins are internally connected. Connect all PGND pins externally to the power
ground plane.
5V LDO Output. VDL supplies the gate-drive current to the internal MOSFETS, and charges the BST
capacitor. VDL requires at least a 2.2F ceramic bypass capacitor to PGND.
Current-Limit Adjust. Connect a resistor, RILIM, from ILIM to GND. IILIM = 1V / RILIM. IILIM determines the
LX current-limit trip point. See the Current Limit section for more details.
Regulator Compensation. Connect the necessary compensation network from COMP to FB. COMP is
internally pulled to GND when the IC is in shutdown mode.
Feedback Input. Connect to the center tap of an external resistor-divider from the output to GND to set the
output voltage. See the Compensation Design section for more details.
Power-Good Output. Open-drain output that is high impedance when VFB 90% of VREFIN and VREFIN >
540mV. PWRGD is internally pulled low when the IC is in shutdown mode, or when VVDL, VIN, or VVL is
below the UVLO threshold, or the IC is in thermal shutdown.
Oscillator Output. The SYNCOUT output is 180 out-of-phase from the internal oscillator to facilitate running
a second regulator out-of-phase to reduce input ripple.
Synchronization Input. Synchronize to an external clock with a frequency of 250kHz to 1.2MHz. Connect
SYNC to GND to disable the synchronization function.
High-Side MOSFET Driver Supply. Bypass BST to LX with a 0.22F ceramic capacitor.
Inductor Connection. All LX pins are internally connected together. Connect all LX pins to the switched
side of the inductor. LX is high impedance when the IC is in shutdown mode.
Not Internally Connected
_______________________________________________________________________________________
12V, 8A 1.2MHz
Step-Down Regulator
VL
EN
SHUTDOWN
CONTROL
VL
REG
UVLO
CIRCUITRY
MAX8654
VDL
REG
VP
CURRENT-LIMIT
COMPARATOR
BIAS
GENERATOR
ILIM
ILIM
THRESHOLD
LX
BST
VOLTAGE
REFERENCE
SS
BST CAPACITOR
CHARGING SWITCH
SOFT-START
ERROR
AMPLIFIER
LX
CONTROL
LOGIC
THERMAL
SHUTDOWN
REFIN
IN
LX
PWM
COMPARATOR
PGND
VDL
FB
COMP
1VP-P
COMP LOW
DETECTOR
FREQ
SYNC
SYNCOUT
OSCILLATOR
FB
SHDN
PWRGD
90% REFIN
REFIN
0.54V
GND
_______________________________________________________________________________________
MAX8654
Block Diagram
MAX8654
12V, 8A 1.2MHz
Step-Down Regulator
INPUT
4.5V TO 14V
IN
10F
10F
0.1F
BST
VP
0.22F
OUTPUT
3.3V, 8A
1.0H
LX
MAX8654
2 x 22F
VL
VL
PGND
4.99k
VDL
1F
1nF
100
2.2F
FB
FREQ
3.57k
1.1k
ILIM
10nF
REFIN
100k
75k
22pF
COMP
SS
SYNC
0.022F
VL
SYNCOUT
IN
20k
EN
GND
PWRGD
Detailed Description
The MAX8654 high-efficiency, voltage-mode switching
regulator is capable of delivering up to 8A of output
current. The MAX8654 provides output voltages from
0.6V to 0.85 x VIN from 4.5V to 14V input supplies, making them ideal for on-board point-of-load applications.
The output voltage accuracy is better than 1% over
temperature.
The MAX8654 allows for all ceramic-capacitor designs
and faster transient responses. The device is available in
a 6mm x 6mm 36-pin TQFN-EP package. The SYNCOUT
function allows end users to operate two MAX8654s at
the same switching frequency with 180 out-of-phase
operation to minimize the input ripple current, consequently reducing the input capacitance requirements.
The REFIN function makes the MAX8654 an ideal candi-
10
date for DDR and tracking power supplies. Using internal low RDS(ON) n-channel MOSFETs for both high- and
low-side switches maintains high efficiency at both heavy
load and high switching frequencies.
The MAX8654 uses voltage-mode control architecture
with a high-bandwidth (20MHz) error amplifier. The voltage-mode control architecture allows up to 1.2MHz
switching, reducing board area. The op-amp voltage
error amplifier works with type 3 compensation to fully
utilize the bandwidth of the high-frequency switching to
obtain fast transient response. Adjustable soft-start time
provides flexibility to minimize input startup inrush current. The open-drain power-good (PWRGD) output
goes high impedance when the output reaches 90% of
its regulation point.
______________________________________________________________________________________
12V, 8A 1.2MHz
Step-Down Regulator
Soft-Start and REFIN
The MAX8654 utilizes an adjustable soft-start function
to limit inrush current during startup. An 8A (typ) current source charges an external capacitor connected to
SS to increase the capacitor voltage in a controlled
manner. The soft-start time is adjusted by the value of
the external capacitor from SS to GND. The required
capacitance value is determined as:
Current Limit
The MAX8654 adjustable current limit is set by a resistor, RILIM, connected from ILIM to GND. The current
through RILIM determines the LX current-limit trip point:
RILIM (k) = 800 / ILXLIM (A)
where ILXLIM is the LX current-limit threshold. The valid
RILIM range is 40k to 200k. RILIM of 100k sets a typical peak current limit of 8A, sourcing or sinking at LX.
When current flowing out of LX exceeds this limit,
the high-side MOSFET turns off and the synchronous
rectifier turns on. The synchronous rectifier remains on
until the inductor current falls below the low-side current limit. This lowers the duty cycle and causes the
output voltage to drop until the current limit is no longer
exceeded.
When the negative current limit is exceeded, the device
turns off the synchronous rectifier, forcing the inductor
current to flow through the high-side MOSFET body
diode, back to the input, until the beginning of the next
cycle, or until the inductor current drops to zero.
The MAX8654 uses a hiccup mode to prevent overheating during short-circuit output conditions. The device
enters hiccup mode when VFB drops below 420mV for
more than 12s, pulling COMP and REFIN low. The IC
turns off for 900 clock cycles and then enters soft-start
for 110 clock cycles. If the short-circuit condition
remains, the IC shuts down for another 512 clock
cycles. The IC repeats this behavior until the short-circuit condition is removed.
C=
8A t SS
0.6V
dVREFIN
I
+ IOUT < ILXLIM PP
2
dt
R1
REFIN
R2
MAX8654
______________________________________________________________________________________
11
MAX8654
Controller Function
The controller logic block is the central processor that
determines the duty cycle of the high-side MOSFET
under different line, load, and temperature conditions.
Under normal operation, where the current-limit and
temperature protection are not triggered, the controller
logic block takes the output from the PWM comparator
and generates the driver signals for both high-side and
low-side MOSFETs. The break-before-make logic and
the timing for charging the bootstrap capacitors are
calculated by the controller logic block. The error signal
from the voltage-error amplifier is compared with the
ramp signal generated by the oscillator at the PWM
comparator, and thus the required PWM signal is produced. The high-side switch is turned on at the beginning of the oscillator cycle and turns off when the ramp
voltage exceeds the VCOMP signal or when the currentlimit threshold is exceeded. The low-side switch is then
turned on for the remainder of the oscillator cycle.
MAX8654
12V, 8A 1.2MHz
Step-Down Regulator
Undervoltage Lockout (UVLO)
Shutdown Mode
Drive EN to GND to shut down the IC and reduce quiescent current to 10A (typ). During shutdown, the outputs of the MAX8654 are high impedance. Drive EN
high to enable the MAX8654.
Thermal-overload protection limits total power dissipation in the device. When the junction temperature
exceeds T J = +165C, a thermal sensor forces the
device into shutdown, allowing the die to cool. The thermal sensor turns the device on again after the junction
temperature cools by 20C, causing a pulsed output
during continuous overload conditions. The soft-start
sequence begins after a thermal-shutdown condition.
Applications Information
The switching frequency in fixed-frequency PWM operation is resistor programmable from 250kHz to 1.2MHz.
Set the switching frequency of the IC with a resistor
(RFREQ) from FREQ to GND. RFREQ is calculated as:
1
Thermal Protection
12
Inductor Selection
Choose an inductor with the following equation:
L=
LIR
) x IOUT(MAX)
2
______________________________________________________________________________________
12V, 8A 1.2MHz
Step-Down Regulator
Input Capacitor Selection
The input capacitor reduces the current peaks drawn
from the input power supply and reduces switching
noise in the IC. The total input capacitance must be
equal to or greater than the value given by the following
equation to keep the input ripple voltage within specifications and minimize the high-frequency ripple current
being fed back to the input source:
CIN _ MIN =
D x TS x IOUT
VIN _ RIPPLE
ILOAD x
Compensation Design
The power-transfer function consists of one double pole
and one zero. The double pole is introduced by the output filtering inductor L and the output filtering capacitor
CO. The ESR of the output filtering capacitor determines the zero. The double pole and zero frequencies
are given as follows:
fP1_ LC = fP2 _ LC =
1
R + ESR
2 x L x C O x ( O
)
RO + RL
fZ _ ESR =
1
2 x ESR x CO
______________________________________________________________________________________
13
MAX8654
MAX8654
12V, 8A 1.2MHz
Step-Down Regulator
output voltage divided by the rated output current. ESR
is the total equivalent series resistance (ESR) of the output filtering capacitor. If there is more than one output
capacitor of the same type in parallel, the value of the
ESR in the above equation is equal to that of the ESR of
a single output capacitor divided by the total number of
output capacitors.
The high-switching frequency range of the MAX8654
allows the use of ceramic-output capacitors. Since the
ESR of ceramic capacitors is typically very low, the frequency of the associated transfer function zero is higher
than the unity-gain crossover frequency, fC, and the
zero cannot be used to compensate for the double pole
created by the output filtering inductor and capacitor.
The double pole produces a gain drop of 40dB and a
phase shift of 180 per decade. The error amplifier must
compensate for this gain drop and phase shift to
achieve a stable high-bandwidth, closed-loop system.
Therefore, use type 3 compensation as shown in Figure
3. Type 3 compensation possesses three poles and two
zeros with the first pole, fP1_EA, located at zero frequency (DC). Locations of other poles and zeros of the type
3 compensation are given by:
fZ1_ EA =
1
2 x R1 x C1
1
2 x R3 x C3
1
fP3 _ EA =
2 x R1 x C2
fZ2 _ EA =
fP2 _ EA =
1
2 x R2 x C3
14
VOUT
LX
COUT
MAX8654
R3
R2
C3
FB
C1
R1
COMP
R4
C2
C3 =
L x CO x (RO + ESR)
1
x
RL + RO
0.8 x C1
L x CO x (RO + ESR)
1
x
RL + RO
0.8 x R3
CO x ESR
C3
Set the third compensation pole at the switching frequency. Calculate C2 as follows:
1
C2 =
R1 fS 2
______________________________________________________________________________________
12V, 8A 1.2MHz
Step-Down Regulator
OPEN-LOOP
GAIN
COMPENSATION
TRANSFER
FUNCTION
THIRD
POLE
GAIN (dB)
DOUBLE POLE
SECOND
POLE
POWER-STAGE
TRANSFER FUNCTION
ESR
ZERO
FIRST AND
SECOND ZEROS
______________________________________________________________________________________
15
MAX8654
MAX8654
12V, 8A 1.2MHz
Step-Down Regulator
Chip Information
Pin Configuration
LX
LX
LX
LX
LX
LX
BST
SYNC
SYNCOUT
20
19
PROCESS: BiCMOS
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
TOP VIEW
Package Information
LX
LX
28
18
PWRGD
29
17
FB
N.C.
EN
GND
N.C.
30
16
31
15
PGND
PGND
34
12
35
11
COMP
SS
REFIN
GND
FREQ
ILIM
PGND
36
10
VL
32
14
PACKAGE
TYPE
PACKAGE
CODE
OUTLINE NO.
LAND
PATTERN NO.
36 TQFN
T3666+3
21-0141
90-0050
13
IN
IN
VP
PGND
VDL
IN
IN
PGND
PGND
MAX8654
33
TQFN
16
______________________________________________________________________________________
12V, 8A 1.2MHz
Step-Down Regulator
REVISION
NUMBER
REVISION
DATE
8/06
Initial release
4/08
7/09
6/11
DESCRIPTION
PAGES
CHANGED
1, 8, 14, 16
11, 13
2, 3
Maxim cannot assume responsibility for use of any circuitry other than circuitry entirely embodied in a Maxim product. No circuit patent licenses are
implied. Maxim reserves the right to change the circuitry and specifications without notice at any time.
Maxim Integrated Products, 120 San Gabriel Drive, Sunnyvale, CA 94086 408-737-7600 ____________________ 17
2011 Maxim Integrated Products
MAX8654
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