Professional Documents
Culture Documents
1. Introduction
At the end of a process there may be some units that have been started but not
completed. These are known as closing work-in-progress. They are still there at the
start of the next period, waiting to be finished. They are therefore opening work-inprogress of the next period.
2. Equivalent units
In our costing, we still wish to calculate the cost of a finished unit. For costing purposes
we assume the work done on 100 units that are only half finished is equivalent to 50
fully finished units. Therefore, 100 units each 50% finished is regarded as 50 equivalent
complete units.
3. Closing Work-in-Progress (no opening Work-In-Progress)
When we have closing work-in-progress, we calculate a cost per unit for each category of
cost, using equivalent units. The total cost per unit is the sum of these separate costs.
Example 1
During January the following costs were incurred in a process:
Materials (1,000 units) $5,000
Labor $2,760
Overheads $3,440
During the month, 800 units were finished and transferred to the next process. The
remaining 200 units were WIP and were complete as follows:
-
Materials 100%
Labor 60%
Overheads 30%
Required:
(a)
(b)
(c)
First-in-fist-out (FIFO): Under this approach it is assumed that the opening W-I-P
is the first to be finished. All the costs brought forward for the W-I-P are treated as
costs of these specific units, and the current periods expenditure is allocated over
the work done in the current period.
Weighted Average: Under this approach, all the costs related to current periods
(b)
output (including the value of the W-I-P brought forward) are allocated over all the
units of the current period.
FIRST IN FIRST OUT (FIFO)
Example 2:
During July, the following costs were incurred
-
At the beginning of July, there were 15,000 units of work in progress valued as follows:
-
At the end of July, there were 5,000 units of work-in-progress. They were 100% complete
for materials and 50% complete for labor and overheads.
Required:
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
At the beginning of July, there were 15,000 units of work in progress valued as follows:
-
At the end of July, there were 5,000 units of work-in-progress. They were 100% complete
for materials and 50% complete for labor and overheads.
Required:
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)