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1306437126
By seeing the process of Telford system, it takes more time and very not practical
because we have to arrange the rocks one by one by hands.
From 1756 to 1836, John Mc Adam introduced pavement construction with the
overlap principle by using big-size rocks and small-size rocks. This pavement construction
system succeed and was the principle of pavement construction mechanically. The system
then called Mc.Adam system.
Until now both pavement constructions is still used in some areas in Indonesia by
combining the systems into Telford-Mc Adams that Telford system is for the lower layer and
for the upper layer is from Mc. Adam. Mc Adam has several benefits than the other system,
He lifted the road surface so it was higher than its surroundings.
The very first pavement development in Indonesia was Jalan Raya Pos ( De Groote
Postweg) by The Governor-general Herman Willem Daendels. The roads length was more
less 1000 kilometers. It passed through Anyer, in Banten to Panarukan in East Java,
Indonesia. The construction was done in just one year in 1809. If we compare to the
definition and the function of the pavement construction, Jalan Raya Pos was constructed to
mobilize easily, reduce the time to reach some areas and spread news and information in short
time. In fact there was no specific identification of what system they used while constructing
the pavement but if we see from the year they constructed the pavement, they must have been
used Telford-Mcadam system or close to that. Because of Jalan Raya Pos construction, The
journey from Batavia-Surabaya only took 7 days instead of 40 days.
In Indonesia The development of asphalt pavement construction started in the early
stage of Telford and Mcadam construction that later the wear layer was given, it used asphalt
as the binder and hoggin was added, they would expand and became penetration layer. In
1980 asphalt pavement was introduced: emulsion and butas. In 1990 the variant of asphalt
ingredients was completed by mastic concrete technology and the development of pavement
construction. In 1975 the use of Hot asphalt of Hot mix was developed and later with the
other variation, it was asphalt concrete (AC). Pavement construction using cement or
concrete pavement was first used in a large-scale in the early 1970 was constructed on Tol
Prof. Sediyatmo Street. This method had produced a water-proof street relatively and it also
took short time. Generally, pavement construction development in Indonesia started to grow
rapidly since 1970, it was the first time the construction of pavement was built according to
its purposes and functions. Meanwhile road geometrical plan that we know today was first
known in mid 60s and grows rapidly since 1980.
In the West, highways construction has to focus on the calculation of pavement
thickness, pavement construction, cover layer, and geometrical plan. The technology was
widely spread including Indonesia from 1980s until now. Road geometrical plan is part of the
road plans than concern about the physical plan so that it can fulfill the basic function such as
optimum service (The safety and comfort) on the traffic flow and access to the houses. The
purposes of road geometrical is to produce safe infrastructure, an efficient traffic flow
service, and maximize the ratio of the implementation cost level.
Layers of pavement
The type of pavement construction that is commonly used until now is shown in the
picture below:
Notes:
A : The covered layer
B : Rigid part
A1 : Surface
B1 : Base
A2 : Binder
B2 : Sub-base
C : Sub-Grade
Rigid Pavements
Deformation in the subgrade is not transferred to
upper layers
Design is based on load distributing characteristics of
subsequent layers
Design is based on flexural strength or slab action
exits
Low repairing cost but completion cost is high
Life span is more (Low Maintenance Cost)
Surfacing can be directly laid on the sub-grade
concrete
Expansion joints are needed
Strength of the road is less dependent on the strength
of the sub-grade
Rolling of the surfacing is not needed
Road cant be used until 14 days of curing
Force of friction is high
References:
https://sites.google.com/site/kisaranteknik/assignments/rekayasa-jalan-raya, published on August 22nd,
2010, opened on September 5th 2015
http://dokumen.tips/documents/sejarah-perkembangan-jalan-raya-di-indonesia.html published on
August 2nd, 2015, opened on September 5th 2015
http://muhyazin.blogspot.co.id/2013/01/konstruksi-jalan-dalam-sejarahnya.html, published on January
29th, 2013, opened on September 5th 2015