Intro to Arduino

The Basics of Open Hardware and Circuits

Code4LibDC 2014
Jason Griffey
Evenly Distributed LLC
http://evenlydistributed.net

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Software install?

Lets Plug In

Open Source Hardware

Moores Law

Photo by Marcin Wichary - http://flic.kr/p/4v4DSq

Koomeys Law

Photo by LisaW123 - http://flic.kr/p/7eiqaq

Photo by sobczak.paul - http://flic.kr/p/aDD8ep

Arduino

Photo by bjepson - http://flic.kr/p/8EVHqm

Why Arduino?

Open Hardware

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Photo by Nathan Chantrell - http://flic.kr/p/aALqhd

Photo by antonw - http://flic.kr/p/91daJe

Shields

A La Mode

Sensors

http://learn.adafruit.com/system/assets/assets/000/000/426/original/FSR402_MED.jpg?1340650766

Arduino Software

Our Hardware

Fritzing

Arduino
IDE

Our Sketch

Globals

int val;

void setup()
{
pinMode(2,OUTPUT);
pinMode(3,OUTPUT);
pinMode(4,OUTPUT);
pinMode(5,OUTPUT);
Serial.begin(9600);
}

Setup

void loop()
{
Serial.println(analogRead(0));
val = analogRead(0);

if (val > 256)

digitalWrite(2,HIGH);
if (val < 256)
digitalWrite(2,LOW);
if (val > 512)
digitalWrite(3,HIGH);
if (val < 512)
digitalWrite(3,LOW);

if (val > 768)

digitalWrite(4,HIGH);
if (val < 768)
digitalWrite(4,LOW);

if (val > 769)

digitalWrite(5,HIGH);
if (val < 1020)
digitalWrite(5,LOW);
}

Loop

Globals

int val;

void setup()
{
pinMode(2,OUTPUT);
pinMode(3,OUTPUT);
pinMode(4,OUTPUT);
pinMode(5,OUTPUT);
Serial.begin(9600);
}

Setup

void loop()
{
Serial.println(analogRead(0));
val = analogRead(0);

if (val > 256)

digitalWrite(2,HIGH);
if (val < 256)
digitalWrite(2,LOW);
if (val > 512)
digitalWrite(3,HIGH);
if (val < 512)
digitalWrite(3,LOW);

if (val > 768)

digitalWrite(4,HIGH);
if (val < 768)
digitalWrite(4,LOW);

if (val > 769)

digitalWrite(5,HIGH);
if (val < 1020)
digitalWrite(5,LOW);
}

Loop

Globals

int val;

void setup()
{
pinMode(2,OUTPUT);
pinMode(3,OUTPUT);
pinMode(4,OUTPUT);
pinMode(5,OUTPUT);
Serial.begin(9600);
}

Setup

void loop()
{
Serial.println(analogRead(0));
val = analogRead(0);

if (val > 256)

digitalWrite(2,HIGH);
if (val < 256)
digitalWrite(2,LOW);
if (val > 512)
digitalWrite(3,HIGH);
if (val < 512)
digitalWrite(3,LOW);

if (val > 768)

digitalWrite(4,HIGH);
if (val < 768)
digitalWrite(4,LOW);

if (val > 769)

digitalWrite(5,HIGH);
if (val < 1020)
digitalWrite(5,LOW);
}

Loop

Globals

int val;

void setup()
{
pinMode(2,OUTPUT);
pinMode(3,OUTPUT);
pinMode(4,OUTPUT);
pinMode(5,OUTPUT);
Serial.begin(9600);
}

Setup

void loop()
{
Serial.println(analogRead(0));
val = analogRead(0);

if (val > 256)

digitalWrite(2,HIGH);
if (val < 256)
digitalWrite(2,LOW);
if (val > 512)
digitalWrite(3,HIGH);
if (val < 512)
digitalWrite(3,LOW);

if (val > 768)

digitalWrite(4,HIGH);
if (val < 768)
digitalWrite(4,LOW);

if (val > 769)

digitalWrite(5,HIGH);
if (val < 1020)
digitalWrite(5,LOW);
}

Loop

Can you:

Can you:

Change one of the Pin Numbers?

Can you:

Change one of the Pin Numbers?

Re-wire the ground wires?

Can you:

Change one of the Pin Numbers?

Re-wire the ground wires?
Change the order the LEDs light up?

Can you:

Change one of the Pin Numbers?

Re-wire the ground wires?
Change the order the LEDs light up?
Light up 2 LEDs at once?

Can you:

Change one of the Pin Numbers?

Re-wire the ground wires?
Change the order the LEDs light up?
Light up 2 LEDs at once?
Add another LED?

Can you:

Change one of the Pin Numbers?

Re-wire the ground wires?
Change the order the LEDs light up?
Light up 2 LEDs at once?
Add another LED?
Swap the sensor?

Structure

Digital I/O

Data Types

/* Each Arduino sketch must contain the

following two functions. */
void setup()
{
/* this code runs once at the beginning of
the code execution. */
}
void loop()
{
/* this code runs repeatedly over and over
as long as the board is powered. */
}

digitalWrite(pin, val);
/* val = HIGH or LOW. Sets the
digital pin to either ON or OFF. */
int var = digitalRead(pin);
/* Reads the voltage from a digital
pin. Returns either HIGH or LOW. */
int var = digitalRead(pin);
/* Reads the value from a specified digital
pin, either HIGH or LOW. */

void
boolean
char
byte
int
long

Comments
// this is a single line
/* this is
a multiline */

Setup
pinMode(pin, [INPUT \ OUTPUT \ INPUT_PULLUP]);
/* Sets the mode of the digital I/O pin.
It can be set as an input, output, or an
input with an internal pull-up resistor.
*/

Control Structures
if(condition)
{
// if condition is TRUE, do something here
}
else
{
// otherwise, do this
}
for(initialization; condition; increment)
{
// do this
}
/* The for statement is used to repeat
a block of statements enclosed in curly
braces. An increment counter is usually
used to increment and terminate the loop.
*/

Analog I/O
analogWrite(pin, val);
/* Writes an analog voltage to a pin.
val = integer value from 0 to 255 */
int var = analogRead(pin);
/* Reads the voltage from the specified
analog pin. */
int var = analogRead(pin);
/* Reads the value from the specified
analog pin. */

Time
delay(time_ms);
/* Pauses the program for the amount of time
(in milliseconds). */
delayMicroseconds(time_us);
/* Pauses the program for the amount of time
(in microseconds). */
millis();
/* Returns the number of milliseconds since
the board began running the current program.
max: 4,294,967,295 */
micros();
/* Returns the number of microseconds since
the board began running the current program.
max: 4,294,967,295 */

Serial Communication
Serial.begin(baudrate);
/* Sets the data rate in bits per second
(baud) for serial data transmission. */
Serial.print("");
/* Sets the data rate in bits per second
(baud) for serial data transmission. */
Serial.print("Hello World!!");
/* Sends a string "Hello World!!" to the
serial bus. This will be seen on the Serial
Monitor in Arduino. */
Serial.println("Hello World!");
/* Identical to Serial.print(), but this
also adds a carriage-return / line-feed to
advance to the next line. */
Serial.println("");
/* Identical to Serial.print(), but this
also adds a carriage-return / line-feed to
advance to the next line. */
boolean Serial.available()
/* Serial.available() returns TRUE if there
is data available on the Serial bus. */
int Serial.read();
/* Returns a single byte of data available
from the Serial buffer. */
int Serial.read();
/* Returns a single byte of data available
from the Serial buffer. */

float

RedBoard:

// nothing is returned
// 0, 1, false, true
// 8 bits: ASCII character
// 8 bits: 0 to 255, unsigned
// 16 bits: 32,768 to 32,767, signed
/* 32 bits: 2,147,483,648
to 2,147,483,647, signed */
// 32 bits, signed decimal

Power In

USB to Computer
Reset

Constants

SCL/SDA
(I2C Bus)

HIGH \ LOW
INPUT \ OUTPUT
true \ false

Mathematical Operators
= // assignment
+ // addition
- // subtraction
* // multiplication
/ // division
% // modulus
Logical Operators
== // boolean equal to
!= // not equal to
< // less than
> // greater than
<= // less than or equal to
>= // greater than or equal to
&& // Boolean AND
|| // Boolean OR
! // Boolean NOT
Bitwise Operators
& // bitwise AND
| // bitwise OR
^ // bitwise XOR
~ // bitwise INVERT
var << n
var >> n

// bitwise shift left by n bits

// bitwise shift right by n bits

Libraries
#include <libraryname.h>
/* this provides access to special
additional functions for things such as
servo motors, SD card, wifi, or bluetooth.
*/

Advanced I/O
tone(pin, freq);
/* Generates a square wave of the specified
frequency to a pin. Pin must be one of the
PWM (~) pins. */
tone(pin, freq, duration);
/* Generates a square wave of the specified
frequency to a pin for a duration in
milliseconds. Pin must be one of the PWM (~)
pins. */
noTone(pin);
// Turns off the tone on the pin.

Power
5V / 3.3 / GND

Digital I/O
PWM(3,5,6,9,10,11)

Analog
Inputs
ATmega328
Microcontroller

LilyPad ProtoSnap Simple:

ATmega328
Microcontroller
Vibe Motor
(Pin 3)

Temperature
Sensor
(Pin A1)

RGB LED
(Pins R=9,
G=11, B=10)

Light
Sensor
(Pin A6)
Buzzer/
Speaker
(Pin 7)

Button
(Pin A5)
Switch
(Pin 2)

LEDs
(Light Emitting Diodes)
(Pins 5, 6, A2, A4, A3)

Building Your Own Hardware

Patron Counters

$300

$280

Build One Yourself

Build One Yourself

Arduino - $35

Build One Yourself

Arduino - $35
Data Logger Shield - $20

Build One Yourself

Arduino - $35
Data Logger Shield - $20
SD Card - $10

Build One Yourself

Arduino - $35
Data Logger Shield - $20
SD Card - $10
Sensor (infrared, laser tripwire, ultrasonic, or
PID) - $10

Build One Yourself

Arduino - $35
Data Logger Shield - $20
SD Card - $10
Sensor (infrared, laser tripwire, ultrasonic, or
PID) - $10

TOTAL COST - $70

Temperature/Humidity
Loggers

$240

$415

Build One Yourself

Build One Yourself

Arduino - $35

Build One Yourself

Arduino - $35
Data Logger Shield - $20

Build One Yourself

Arduino - $35
Data Logger Shield - $20
SD Card - $10

Build One Yourself

Arduino - $35
Data Logger Shield - $20
SD Card - $10
Temperature/Humidity Sensor - $5-10

Build One Yourself

Arduino - $35
Data Logger Shield - $20
SD Card - $10
Temperature/Humidity Sensor - $5-10
LCD Display screen - $15

Build One Yourself

Arduino - $35
Data Logger Shield - $20
SD Card - $10
Temperature/Humidity Sensor - $5-10
LCD Display screen - $15
TOTAL COST - $85

Other Possibilities

Other Possibilities

RFID Reader

Other Possibilities

RFID Reader
Barcode Scanner

Other Possibilities

RFID Reader
Barcode Scanner
Seat usage detector

Other Possibilities

RFID Reader
Barcode Scanner
Seat usage detector
What else?

Go Build Stuff!

Jason Griffey
Email: griffey@gmail.com
Site: jasongriffey.net
gVoice: 423-443-4770
Twitter: @griffey
http://librarybox.us
http://evenlydistributed.net
!

http://pinboard.in/u:griffey/

Founder & Principal Consultant

Evenly Distributed LLC