Professional Documents
Culture Documents
papel
Fabricacin de calidades
especficas
TKK
Department of Forest Products Technology
Department of Forest Products Technology
TKK
Department of Forest Products Technology
UDELAR
School of Engineering
-3-
Papeles
sanitarios o
Tis
TKK
Department of Forest Products Technology
UDELAR
School of Engineering
Otros productos:
Filtros para caf
Filtros de cigarrillos
Acolchados para alimentos
Vestimentas descartables
Para condensadores
En embalajes.
TKK
Department of Forest Products Technology
UDELAR
School of Engineering
-4-
Seccin de formacin
UDELAR
School of Engineering
-5-
UDELAR
School of Engineering
-7-
UDELAR
School of Engineering
-8-
Proceso ms corto.
De ordinario, un solo cilindro en secado: el
Yankee
Ancho de mquina, en cm:
280
330
500
Y muy pocas, alrededor de 750
Velocidad de mquina: entre 800 y 2000 m/min
Cabeza de mquina:puede permitir la formacin
de multicapas.
TKK
Department of Forest Products Technology
TKK
Department of Forest Products Technology
-6-
TKK
Department of Forest Products Technology
Eliminacin de agua
controlada por succin
UDELAR
School of Engineering
-9-
TKK
Department of Forest Products Technology
UDELAR
School of Engineering
-11-
El volumen espec
especfico de la hoja aumenta cuando separamos las
fibras cortas de las largas en una caja de entrada tipo multicapas, si
comparamos con el vs de una hoja producida en una sola capa
usando una mezcla de fibras cortas y fibras largas.
UDELAR
School of Engineering
-10-
TKK
Department of Forest Products Technology
UDELAR
School of Engineering
-12-
Transferencia de la secci
seccin de
formacin a prensas
Formacin con
Crescent former
La suspensin se alimenta
entre la tela y el fieltro
UDELAR
School of Engineering
-13-
TKK
Department of Forest Products Technology
UDELAR
School of Engineering
-15-
Prensado - Secado
TKK
Department of Forest Products Technology
UDELAR
School of Engineering
-14-
TKK
Department of Forest Products Technology
UDELAR
School of Engineering
-16-
Prensado - Secado
Prensado - Secado
UDELAR
School of Engineering
-17-
UDELAR
School of Engineering
UDELAR
School of Engineering
-19-
Sistema tpico
Prensado Secado
Prensado - Secado
TKK
Department of Forest Products Technology
TKK
Department of Forest Products Technology
-18-
TKK
Department of Forest Products Technology
UDELAR
School of Engineering
-20-
Prensado Secado
Prensado Secado
TKK
Department of Forest Products Technology
UDELAR
School of Engineering
-21-
Prensado Secado
TKK
Department of Forest Products Technology
UDELAR
School of Engineering
-23-
Prensado - Secado
Yankee:
5,5 m de dimetro.
Calentado con vapor .
La temperatura transferida a la hoja es
de alrededor 550C.
Zona de prensado
TKK
Department of Forest Products Technology
UDELAR
School of Engineering
-22-
TKK
Department of Forest Products Technology
UDELAR
School of Engineering
-24-
Prensado Secado
Prensado Secado
Sistema TAD
TAD: aire a trav
travs
Sistema TAD
TAD: aire a trav
travs
Cilindro
Cilindro perforado
perforado
Aire
Aire aa travs
travs
No
No requiere
requiere prensado
prensado
No
No hay
hay etapa
etapa de
de prensado
prensado
TKK
Department of Forest Products Technology
El
Elsecado
secadopor
porsoplado
soplado de
deaire
airecaliente
caliente
proporciona
un
volumen
libre
entre
proporciona un volumen libre entre fibras
fibras
mayor,
y,
por
lo
tanto,
el
papel
fabricado
mayor, y, por lo tanto, el papel fabricado con
con
este
tipo
de
mquina
tiene
mayor
volumen
este tipo de mquina tiene mayor volumen
especfico,
especfico, yyotras
otras caractersticas
caractersticascomo
como mayor
mayor
suavidad
y
mejor
absorcin
y
retencin
de
suavidad y mejor absorcin y retencin de
lquidos.
lquidos.
Fundamentos de la fabricacin del papel
Graciela Beatriz Gavazzo
UDELAR
School of Engineering
-25-
-27-
UDELAR
School of Engineering
-28-
Sistema TAD
TAD: aire a trav
travs
Sistema TAD
TAD: aire a trav
travs
Secado por
contacto
UDELAR
School of Engineering
TKK
Department of Forest Products Technology
Prensado Secado
Prensado Secado
Secado por
soplado de
aire
TKK
Department of Forest Products Technology
UDELAR
School of Engineering
-26-
TKK
Department of Forest Products Technology
Crepado
Accin de orientar el papel a la
salida del Yankee con una
cuchilla.
El papel recibe dobleces
en la direccin transversal y
disminuye su longitud en 1025%.
El crepado da al papel una
voluminosidad elevada, y mejora
la suavidad, la absorbencia y el
estiramiento.
La reduccin de la longitud se
logra girando la bobina a baja
velocidad.
TKK
Department of Forest Products Technology
Conversin
Realce
Impresin
Perforacin
Plegado
Empaquetado
UDELAR
School of Engineering
-29-
TKK
Department of Forest Products Technology
UDELAR
School of Engineering
-31-
Conversin
Crepado
Realce
UDELAR
School of Engineering
-30-
TKK
Department of Forest Products Technology
UDELAR
School of Engineering
-32-
Conversi
Conversin
Realce
Grabado del papel
TKK
Department of Forest Products Technology
UDELAR
School of Engineering
-33-
TKK
Department of Forest Products Technology
Cartones
Conversi
Conversin
Realce
Grados
Cartones
Cartones
Plegados
Plegados
SSlido
lido blanqueado
blanqueado
SSlido
lido s/blanquear
s/blanquear
Para
Para envasado
envasado
de l
quidos
llquidos
Blanqueado
Sin blanquear
TKK
Department of Forest Products Technology
UDELAR
School of Engineering
UDELAR
School of Engineering
-34-
TKK
Department of Forest Products Technology
Especiales
Especiales
Para cajas CC
Tapa
Tapa oo Cara
Cara
Marrn
Kraftliner (p.vrgen)
Testliner (p.reciclada)
Moteado
Tapa blanca
Tapa blanca estucada
Onda
Onda
Para
Para tubos
tubos
Base
Base para
para
empapelar
Para
Para lijas
lijas
Tapa
Tapa de
de
libros
libros cosidos
cosidos
Otros
Otros
Reciclada
Semiqumica
Fundamentos de la fabricacin del papel
Graciela Beatriz Gavazzo
UDELAR
School of Engineering
-36-
FORMADORAS CILNDRICAS
FORMADORA A CONTRACORRIENTE
rea de gran turbulencia,
lavado de la hoja y
aumento de consistencia
Comienzo de
formacin de la hoja
en el punto de mayor
consistencia.
Zona principal
de formacin.
Corrientes
estancas;
floculacin;
elevada
consistencia
Entrada, consistencia
controlada
TKK
Department of Forest Products Technology
UDELAR
School of Engineering
-37-
TKK
Department of Forest Products Technology
UDELAR
School of Engineering
-39-
FORMADORAS CILNDRICAS
FORMADORA
FORMADORA A CORRIENTE PARALELA
Se eliminan
algunos de los
problemas
asociados con
la diferencia de
velocidad entre
el flujo de pulpa
y la tela del
tambor.
Comienzo de la
formacin: alta
turbulencia
Rebalse,
lavado de la
hoja
Entrada con consistencia
controlada
TKK
Department of Forest Products Technology
UDELAR
School of Engineering
-38-
TKK
Department of Forest Products Technology
rea de decantacin
UDELAR
School of Engineering
-40-
FORMADORAS CILNDRICAS
FORMADORAS CILNDRICAS
FORMADORA
FORMADORA BAJO VAC
VACO
FORMADORA
FORMADORA SECA AJUSTABLE
VACUUM FORMER
Rebalse
Cilindro aspirante
Fieltro
Cilindro
Formador
350 m/min
130 g/m2
Entrada
de pulpa
Entrada
TKK
Department of Forest Products Technology
UDELAR
School of Engineering
-41-
FORMADORAS CILNDRICAS
TKK
Department of Forest Products Technology
UDELAR
School of Engineering
-43-
FORMADORES on top
FORMADORA
FORMADORA BAJO VAC
VACO
ROTOFORMER
Rebalse
ajustable
Cajas de succin
Cilindro
aspirante
Pueden
alcanzarse
velocidades de
hasta 300
m/min.
Inverform
Bandeja
Caja de
cabeza
presurizada
TKK
Department of Forest Products Technology
Cilindro
rectificador
UDELAR
School of Engineering
-42-
TKK
Department of Forest Products Technology
UDELAR
School of Engineering
-44-
FORMADORES on top
FORMADORES on top
Linerboard machine with a gap former and a fourdrinier in the forming section
TKK
Department of Forest Products Technology
UDELAR
School of Engineering
-45-
FORMADORES on top
TKK
Department of Forest Products Technology
UDELAR
School of Engineering
-47-
FORMADORES on top
TKK
Department of Forest Products Technology
UDELAR
School of Engineering
-46-
TKK
Department of Forest Products Technology
UDELAR
School of Engineering
-48-
FORMADORES on top
top
FORMADORES on top
top
De vaco
Conventional
ULTRA FORMER
(Tampella)
La pulpa es drenada
450 m/min
150 g/m2
entre el fieltro
transportador y la tela.
200 m/min
100 g/m2
Modificacin
del formador de
succin
convencional.
TKK
Department of Forest Products Technology
UDELAR
School of Engineering
-49-
FORMADORES on top
top
TKK
Department of Forest Products Technology
Fieltro
UDELAR
School of Engineering
-51-
FORMADORES on top
top
ARCUARCU-FORMER
FORMER
(Tampella)
Tampella)
ULTRA C
FORMER
450 m/min
150 g/m2
Utiliza dos telas en el
formador de la parte
superior para mejorar
el drenado y
aumentar la
velocidad.
TKK
Department of Forest Products Technology
Fieltro
+ Hoja
Tela
490 m/min
90 g/m2
La hoja es posteriormente
aprisionada entre el fieltro
y la tela, provocando el
drenado por la presin
creciente.
UDELAR
School of Engineering
-50-
TKK
Department of Forest Products Technology
Fieltro
Hoja +
fieltro
UDELAR
School of Engineering
-52-
CAJAS DE ENTRADA
MULTICAPA
FORMADORES on top
top
SUPER ULTRA
FORMER
ULTRA
TWIN
FORMER
Fieltro
Tela
Fieltro
+ Hoja
Tela
Fieltro
+ Hoja
Fieltro
UDELAR
School of Engineering
-53-
MULTIFORMER
Fieltro
TKK
Department of Forest Products Technology
UDELAR
School of Engineering
-55-
UDELAR
School of Engineering
-56-
CAJAS DE ENTRADA
MULTICAPA
FORMADORES on top
top
Cilindro
formador
TKK
Department of Forest Products Technology
Entrada de
pasta
Cilindro
aspirante
CONTRA-FLOW (Tampella)
UDELAR
School of Engineering
-54-
TKK
Department of Forest Products Technology
CART
CARTN CORRUGADO
1 pasta = 1 capa
3 pastas = 3 capas
TKK
Department of Forest Products Technology
UDELAR
School of Engineering
-57-
UDELAR
School of Engineering
-59-
UDELAR
School of Engineering
-60-
CARTN CORRUGADO
CART
CARTN CORRUGADO
TKK
Department of Forest Products Technology
TKK
Department of Forest Products Technology
UDELAR
School of Engineering
-58-
TKK
Department of Forest Products Technology
CART
CARTN CORRUGADO
CARTN CORRUGADO
TKK
Department of Forest Products Technology
UDELAR
School of Engineering
-61-
CART
CARTN CORRUGADO
TKK
Department of Forest Products Technology
TKK
Department of Forest Products Technology
UDELAR
School of Engineering
-63-
UDELAR
School of Engineering
-64-
CART
CARTN CORRUGADO
UDELAR
School of Engineering
-62-
TKK
Department of Forest Products Technology
CART
CARTN CORRUGADO
CART
CARTN CORRUGADO
Figura 11
TKK
Department of Forest Products Technology
UDELAR
School of Engineering
-65-
UDELAR
School of Engineering
-66-
CART
CARTN CORRUGADO
TKK
Department of Forest Products Technology
TKK
Department of Forest Products Technology
UDELAR
School of Engineering
-67-