FUNGUS/FUNGI

fungus is any member of the group of eukaryotic organisms that includes unicellular microorganisms such as yeasts and molds, as well as
multicellular fungi that produce familiar fruiting forms known as mushrooms
Scientific name: Fungi
Higher classification: Eukaryote
HABITAT; Fungi can be found in many different environments. Fungi will grow on almost anything. Fungi

can be found outside in forests, gardens and even in your own backyard. Some are good to eat, but
some are deadly. They can also grow on your feet causing them to become itchy, known as athlete's
foot. Some fungi can cause ringworm on the body. Many species are often found on foods in the form
of yeasts and molds.

USES; fungi have important culinary, medical, agricultural and industrial uses. Fungi can be used to create dyes, medications and
eco-friendly building materials.
BENEFITS; They are well known for providing essential nutrients for the growth of the plants. The presence of fungi in the soil ensures healthy
growth and also the development of the plants. Many farmers prefer fungi to other chemical fertilizers to keep improving the environment.They
are also known as the best alternatives in the tilling of the soil as they can even alter the structure of the soil.
HARM. EFFECT; Fungi damage wood, crops and other resources, and can cause serious illnesses in humans. When food or other

products are contaminated by fungi, the products are typically destroyed

HABITAT;

Protozoans include all protists that

ingest their food, and thus they live primarily in aquatic habitats, such as ponds, drops of water in soil, or the digestive
tracts of animals.

USES; Algae are used by people for:

1. food
2. fertilizer on gardens
3. agar for bacterial cultures
4. extracts for making cosmetics, pudding, ice cream, etc. smoother and creamier
5. abrasive substances in polishes and toothpastes
BENEFITS; LIVING ALGAE IS 50 PERCENT OIL, AND CAN BE HARVESTED AND PROCESSED INTO USABLE OIL,

DIESEL AND GAS FUEL. PLUS, THE ALGAE GROWS VERY FAST, ALLOWING PRODUCERS TO KEEP UP WITH
AN EVER INCREASING DEMAND. MODERN FOSSIL FUELS ALSO ORIGINATED FROM THE REMAINS OF
PREHISTORIC ANIMALS AND BROWN ALGAE.
HARM.EFFECT; SOME PROTISTS HAVE HARMFUL EFFECTS ON HUMANS AND PLANTS. FOR EXAMPLE, PLASMODIUM
CAUSES MALARIA IN HUMANS

MONERAN\MONERA
Monera (/mnr/ m-NEER-) is a kingdom that contains unicellular organisms with a prokaryotic cell organization
(having no nuclear membrane), such as bacteria.
HABITAT; They are found in all types of habitats like oceans to fresh water, bare rock to soil and also on humans and
animals. They are also found in plants and other forms of vegetation. Green and blue algae and bacteria like bacilli are
examples of monerans. They do not need special type of habitats for their growth and development.
BENIFITS; decomposes other organisms such as dead animals and plants. Bacteria also contributes turning milk into yoghurt
and cheese and turning wine into vinegar. Probiotics (within the Monera group) can prevent cancer and can improve and boost
immune systems

USES; Lactic acid bacteria like Lactobacillus and Lactococcus have been used in fermentation process for thousands of years.
The ability of the bacteria to degrade variety of organic compounds has been used in waste management processing
and biorememdiation.
In pest control, bacteria can be used in the place of pesticides as these pesticides are regarded environmentally friendly.

HARM.EFFECT; the harmful effects of monera/bacteria is that, many cause disease like tuberculosis, diarrhea,

pneumonia, some sexually transmitted, urinary tract infection or UTI , leprosy, typhoid, rheumatic fever etc.

LITCHENS
HABITAT;

Lichens are common primary colonisers of stressful habitats. They are major structural determinants of
extremely cold environments, and extremely dry climates. Thus, we commonly see lichens in the Arcticand Antarctic, and
as crusts on desert soils.

USES; lichens are among the first organisms to colonize sites as they are released from glacial ice. In such
situations lichens can be important in the initial stages of nitrogen accumulation and soil development
during post-glacial primary succession.
BENEFITS; A lichen is a composite organism that emerges from algae or cyanobacteria living among the filaments
(hyphae) of a fungus in a mutually beneficial (symbiotic) relationship. The fungus benefits from the algae or cyanobacteria
because they produce food by photosynthesis.

HARM. EFFECT; ichen sclerosus is a chronic inflammatory skin disease commonly found in the anogenital area (anus and genitalia); however, lichen sclerosus can affect the skin anywhere, including the
mouth. It is more common in postmenopausal women, but can also be found in children and men. The
majority of patients present with itching, though children can present with constipation. The cause of
lichen sclerosus has yet to be determined but is associated with auto-antibodies, infection and certain

genetic characteristics. Treatment is often with topical corticosteroids, which reduces symptoms and
can prevent disease progression.

BACTERIA
Bacteria constitute a large domain of prokaryotic microorganisms. Typically a few micrometres in length,
bacteria have a number of shapes, ranging from spheres to rods and spirals.
HABITAT; Microbes that dwell in these extreme habitats are aptly calledextremophiles. Bacteria live on or in just about
every material and environment on Earth from soil to water to air, and from your house to arctic ice to volcanic vents

USES; Fermentation processes, such as brewing, baking, cheese and butter manufacturing, Bacteria, often Lactobacillus
in combination with yeasts and fungi, have been used for thousands of years in the preparation of fermented foods such as
cheese, pickles, soy sauce, sauerkraut, vinegar, wine, and yogurt.
BENEFITS; Benefits of bacteria include:

Bacteria are the only living things which can fix nitrogen. They are therefore essential to all
other life on Earth.

HARM.EFFECTS; Certain types of bacteria can cause diseases, such as, typhoid fever, syphilis, cholera, tuberculosis and
foodborne illnesses. Antibiotics are used to kill harmful bacteria and the diseases they cause.

ORGANISM

SUBJECT; SCIENCE
ARIEL P.
PORTUGAL