4-Newton's Laws of Motion, Friction and Non-Inertial Frame

Physics
4-Newtons laws of motion, Friction and noninertial frame
LAWS OF MOTION
1.
FIRST LAW OF MOTION

According to this law, every body continues in its state of rest or motion in a
straight line unless it is compelled by external force to change that state.
(i)
This law is also called law of inertia. Inertia is a virtue by which a body opposes
the state of rest or motion.
(ii)
Force is such a factor, which is essential for change in translatory motion of a

body.
(iii)
The first law of motion defines the force.
Examples :
(a)
To remove the dust particles from a cloth by shaking it
(b)
Banking of the passengers (towards the motion of bus), sitting in a bus on

applying the sudden brakes.
2.
SECOND LAW OF MOTION

According to this law, the rate of change of momentum (mass x velocity) of a
body is proportional to the impressed force and it takes place in the direction of
the force.
where success is worshiped
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Mathematically
dp
dp
dp
Fk
dt
dt
dt
(Defining force such a way that k = 1)
d
dv
(m v) m
dt
dt
F ma
In scalar form, F = ma
(i)
Force is a vector quantity, whose unit is Newton or

or
Kg. m
(in MKS) and Dyne
sec 2
gm x cm
(I n C.G.S.)
sec 2
(ii)
The dimension of force is [MLT2]
(iii)
The second law of motion gives the magnitude and unit of force.
(iv)
If m is not constant F
d
dv
dm
(m v) m
v
dt
dt
dt
As in case of rocket propulsion, the mass of the fuel varies with respect to time.
3.
THIRD LAW OF MOTION

According to this law, Every action has its equal
and opposite reaction. When two bodies A and B
exert force on each other, the force (action) of A on B
( F BA ) ,
is always equal and opposite to the force of
B on A ( F AB )
Thus F AB F BA
(i)
This law expresses the nature of force.
(ii)
Action and reaction always acts on different bodies F12 F 21
Impulse : If a force F acts on a body for a short duration t, then impulse is

defined as product of force and its time of action
i.e. Impulse = Force x Duration
By Newtons second law F
When
pi
and
pf
p F x t
p
, Ft p p f p i
t
are initial and final momenta of the body respectively.
Thus impulse of force = Ft
p pf pi
. Graphically,
the impulse is the area between the force curve and

the F = 0 axis, as shown in figure. The SI unit of
impulse is Ns. Graphical interpretation of impulse
as area under the curve..
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FRICTION
Introduction
(i)
When two surfaces in contact have relative motion or have tendency of motion
with each other then a force acts at the point of contact of the object and this
force is called frictional force.
(ii)
The force of friction is always in a direction opposite to which the body tends to
move
(iii)
It is parallel to the surface
(iv)
Frictional force is independent of the area of surface in contact
(v)
The force of friction depends on the nature of material of the surface contact,
(vi)
Friction is a non conservative force i.e. work done against friction is path
dependent.
(vii)
Generally many of us have a. misconception that friction opposes the motion of

a moving body but it favours the motion of a body. It opposes the relative
motion between the two bodies. When a person walks forward, he pushes the
ground backward. The rough surface of ground exerts a forward force which
causes the motion of the person.
TYPES OF FRICTION
Friction is of two types,
(a) Static friction
(b) Kinetic friction
Now let us have some discussion on these types of friction

Static friction
(i)
Frictional force between two surfaces when there is no relative motion between
them is called static friction.
(ii)
Static friction is self adjusting in nature. It adjusts its magnitude in such a way
that together with other forces applied on a body, it maintains relative rest
between two surfaces.
(iii)
The value of static friction lies between 0 and s N i.e. 0 fs sN where s is

coefficient of static friction and N is normal force.
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(iv)
There is no energy loss due to static friction. We may perform work against
static friction or static friction may perform work.
Kinetic friction :
(i)
Frictional force between the, two surfaces which are in relative motion is called
kinetic friction.
(ii)
The magnitude of the kinetic friction is proportional to the normal force acting
between the two surfaces i.e. fk N
fk = kN where k is coefficient of kinetic friction.
(iii)
This force of kinetic friction always acts opposite to the direction of motion.
(iv)
Work done against kinetic friction is conserved i.e. converted into heat. So in
case of kinetic friction, there is always an energy loss
NOTE : If nothing is specified for k and s, then we assume that both are equal.
Theoretically k < s
ANGLE OF FRICTION
The angle of friction is defined as the angle which
the resultant of the friction and normal reaction
makes with the normal reaction, If is the angle of friction
tan
But
f
N
f
, coefficient of friction
N
tan = . Thus coefficient of static friction is equal to the tangent of the

angle of friction.
ANGLE OF REPOSE
The angle of repose is defined as the angle of the inclined plane at which a
body placed on it begins to slide. In the equilibrium condition
F = mg sin
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N = Mg cos
On dividing one by other

Since
f
tan
N
= tan
Thus coefficient of limiting friction is equal to the tangent of angle of repose.
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EXERCISE 1
Q1
Find frictional force on block 30 kg
(A) 20 N
Q2
(B) 30 N
(B) 30
1
3
(D) 60
(B) 0.4
(C) 0.8
(D)=not defined
From the fixed pulley, masses 2 kg, 1 kg and 3 kg are suspended as shown in the figure. Find
the extension in the spring if k = 100 N/m.
(A) 0.1 m
Q5.
(C) 45
A block of mass m is kept on an inclined plane of a lift moving down with acceleration of 2
m/s2. What should be the minimum coefficient of friction to let the block move down with
constant velocity ?
(A)
Q4
(D) 50 N
The pulley and string shown in figure are smooth and of negligible mass. For the system to
remain in equilibrium, the angle should be, (Given M = 3 m)
(A) 0
Q3.
(C) 40 N
(B) 0.2 m
(C) 0.3 m
(D) 0
The raindrops are hitting the back of a man walking at a speed of 5 km/hr. If he now starts
running in the same direction with a constant acceleration, the magnitude of velocity of the
rain with respect to him will
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Q6
(A) gradually increase
(B) gradually decrease
(C) first decrease then increase
(D) first increase then decrease
The floor of an elevator at rest at 10th floor of a building is a plane mirror. A particle is projected
with a speed 2 m/s and at 45 with the horizontal as shown in the figure. At the very instant
of projection, the cable of the elevator breaks and the elevator starts falling freely. What will be
the separation between the particle and its image 0.5 second after the instant, of projection?
(A) 0.5 m
Q7
(B) 1 m
(C) 2 m
(D) 1.5 m
Motion of one, projectile as observed by another projectile if both are projected simultaneously
is
(A) always a straight line
(B) a parabola
(C) a complicated curve

(D) a straight line or a parabola depending on their initial velocities
Q8.
A boy throws a ball at an angle 45 with the horizontal and with a speed 20 m/sec. with
respect to ground while standing on a car moving at 10 m/sec and accelerated at a m/s 2.
What should be the value of a so that the boy can catch the ball standing under it? (g = 10
m/sec2)
(A) 20 m/sec2
Q9
(C) 5 m/sec2
(D) none
A particle is thrown horizontally with a speed of 10 m/s from the top of a cliff 15 m high above
the ground. An inclined plane runs at an angle 45 with the horizontal as shown in the figure.
At what height above the ground does the particle hit the plane? (Take g = 10 m/sec2)
(A) 5 m
Q10
(B) 10 m/sec2
(B) 10 m
(C) 4 m
(D) 6 m
If the seat of a boy on a vertical merry go round revolving with a constant speed breaks up
suddenly so that the boy starts falling, he will have a subsequent motion directed
(A)
tangential to the direction of revolution.
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Q11
Q12
Q13
Q14.
(B)
towards the centre of the merry-go-round i.e. radially inwards.
(C)
radially outwards.
(D)
towards a direction not specified in either of (A), (B) and (C).
If an external force starts acting on a moving particle, which of the following is not essentially
true?
(A)
The line of motion of the particle will keep changing.
(B)
The speed of the particle will keep changing.
(C)
The particle will keep moving.
(D)
None is essentially true.
An observer finds the magnitudes of the acceleration of two bodies to be the same. This
necessary implies that the two bodies
(A)
are at rest with respect to each other.
(B)
are at rest or move with constant velocities with respect to each other.
(C)
are accelerated with respect to each other.
(D)
may be at rest, moving with constant velocities or accelerated with respect to other.
For the v - t plot of a particle in motion over a time period t 3 seconds, what should be the
distance traveled s vs time t plot like ?
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
In the system shown all surfaces are smooth. The acceleration of 5 kg will be (applied force is
1N down the incline )
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(a) 10 m/s2
Q15
40
m/s2
11
(c)
36
m/s2
13
(d) None
(b) 8 kg, 8kg
(c) 2.88 kg, 6.72 kg
(d) None
A block of mass m is placed on a smooth wedge of an angle The whole system is accelerated
horizontally so that block does not slip on the wedge. The force exerted by the wedge on the
block will be
(a) mg cos
Q17.
(b)
The system shown is in equilibrium. The minimum and maximum mass of the hanging block
for equilibrium is
(a) 4.8 kg, 6.4 kg
Q16
(b)
mg
cos
(c) mg sin
(d) mg
In the system shown, a man of mass 50 kg climbs up the rope with an acceleration of 1 m/s 2
relative to rope. The acceleration of 10 kg is
(a) 1 m/s2
(b) 7.5 m/s2
(c) 5 m/s2
(d) None
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Q18.
The value of time when 2 kg block starts sliding on 5 kg block, if time dependent force is
applied on 2 kg block as shown
(a) never slides
Q19.
(c) 1.4 sec
(d) None
(b) 100 N
(c) 40 5 N
(d) None
1
kg is fired with a speed of 5 m/s towards an ideal spring of constant k =
2
50 N/m. It compresses the spring by maximum of 20 cm. The speed with which it returns back
1
to the point of projections is [coefficient of friction = ]
2
A block of mass of
(a) 5 m/s
Q21.
(b) 1 sec
The minimum force required to move the block up the incline is (m = 10 kg, = 0.5 ) is
(a) 60 5 N
20.
(b) 2 m/s
(c) will not return
(d) 1 m/s
A uniform rope of mass 5 kg is moved up a smooth incline plane by using a force F = 50 N. The
tension in the rope at its mid point is
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(a) 20 N
Q22.
(d) None
(b) 20 m/s2
(c) any acceleration
(d) None
The acceleration of wedge is 5 m/s2 right. What is the acceleration of block
(a) 5 m/s2
Q24.
(c) 50 N
System shown is pushed in such a way that 1 kg block remains stationary relative to 10 kg
block. The minimum acceleration required for this purpose is
(a) 10 m/s2
Q23.
(b) 25 N
(b) 10 m/s2
(c) 2.5 m/s2
(d) 7.5 m/s2
Two blocks are placed one over the another and system is placed on
a rough horizontal surface as shown
The acceleration of 4 kg block and 2 kg block is
(a) 0, 0
(c)
Q25.
3
3
m/s2, m/s2
2
2
(b) 0,
3
m/s2
2
(d) None
A 40 kg slab rests on a frictionless floor. A 10 kg block rests on top of the slab [Fig.] The static
coefficient of friction between the block and the slab is 0.60 while the kinetic coefficient is
0.40. The 10 kg block is acted upon by a horizontal force of 100 N. If g = 9.8 m/S 2 the resulting
acceleration of the slab will be:
(a) 0.98 m/s2
(b) 1.47
m/s2
(c) 1.52 m/s2
(d) 6.1 m/s2
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Q26.
Q27
A mass m rests on a horizontal surface. The coefficient of friction between the mass and the
surface is g. If the mass is pulled by a force F as shown in Fig. the
limiting friction between mass and the surface will be:
(a) mg
(b) [mg (3/2)F]
(c) [mg (F/2)]
(d) [mg + (F/2)]
A line-man of mass 60 kg is holding a vertical pole. The coefficient of static friction between his
hands and the pole is 0.5. If he is able to climb up the pole. What is the minimum force with
which he should press the pole with his hands? (g = 10 m/s2)
(a) 1200 N
Q28
(d) 150 N
(b) 750 N, 150 N
(c) 600 N, 200 N
(d) 750N,200N
An elevator starts from rest with a constant upward acceleration. It moves 2 m in the first 0.6
second. A passenger in the elevator is holding a 3 kg package by a vertical string. When the
elevator is moving, what is the tension in the string:
(a) 4 N
Q30
(c) 300 N
Two steel balls A and B are placed inside a right circular cylinder of diameter 54 cm making
contacts at points P, Q and R as shown. The radius rA = 12 cm and rB = 18 cm. The masses are
mA = 15 kg and mB = 60 kg. The forces exerted by the floor at the point Q and the wall at R are,
respectively (taking g = 10 m/s2):
(a) 600 N, 150 N

Q29
(b) 600 N
(b) 62.7 N
(c) 29.4 N
(d) 20.6 N
A heavy spherical ball is constrained in a frame as shown in Fig. The inclined surface is
smooth. Determine the maximum acceleration with which the frame can move without causing
the ball to leave the frame.
(a)
g
2
(b) g 3
(c)
g
3
(d)
g
2
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EXERCISE 2
Q1
In a situation the contact force by a rough horizontal surface on a body placed on it has
constant magnitude. If the angle between this force and the vertical is decreased, the frictional
force between the surface and the body will
(A) increase
Q2
Q3
(A) larger friction
(B) smaller friction
(C) larger normal force
(D) smaller normal force
A block of mass 2 kg is placed on the floor. The coefficient of static friction is 0.4. If a force of
2.8 N is applied on the block parallel to floor the force of friction between the block and floor
(taking g = 10m/s2) is
(B) 6 N
(C) 2 N
(D) zero
For the arrangement shown in fig., the tension in the string to prevent it from sliding down, is
(A) 6N
Q5
(C) remain the same (D) may increase or decrease
While walking on ice, one should take small steps to avoid, slipping. This is because smaller
steps ensure
(A) 2.0 N
Q4
(B) decreases
(B) 6.4 N
(C) 0.4 N
(D) None
A body of mass 2 kg rests on a rough inclined plane making an angle 30 with the horizontal.
The coefficient of static friction between the block and the plane is 0.7. The frictional force on
the block is(A) 9.8 N
(B) 0.7 x 9.8
3N
(C) 9.8 x
3N
(D) 0.7 x 9.8 N
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Q6.
Block A of mass m rests on the plank B of mass 3 m which is free to slide on a frictionless
horizontal surface. The coefficient of friction between the block ad plank is 0.2. If a horizontal
force of magnitude 2mg is applied to the plank B, the acceleration of A relative to the plank and
relative to the ground respectively, are:
(a) 0,
Q7.
g
2
(b) 0,
2g
3
(c)
3g g
,
5
5
(d)
2g g
,
5
5
A block of mass m is given an initial downward velocity v0 and left on an inclined plane
(coefficient of friction = 0.6). The block will:
(a) continue to move down the plane with constant velocity v0

(b) accelerate downward
(c) decelerate and come to rest
(d) first accelerate downward and then decelerate and come to rest
Q8.
For the arrangement shown in the figure, the tension in the string is given by sin 37
(a) 30 N
Q9.
(b) 40 N
(c) 116 N
(d) 4 N
A block is gently placed on a conveyor belt moving horizontally with constant speed. After t =
4s, the velocity of the block becomes equal to the velocity of the belt. If the coefficient of friction
between the block and the belt is = 0.2, then the velocity of the conveyor belt is:
(a) 2 ms1
(b) 4 ms1
(c) 64 ms1
(d) 8 ms1
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Q10.
A body is projected up a 45 rough incline. If the coefficient of friction is 0.5, then the
retardation of the block is:
(a)
Q11.
g
2 2
Q14.
(d)
2 2
(b) 6.4 N
(c) 0.4 N
g
2
(d) zero
(b) 50 2 N
(c) 100 2 N
(d) 50 N
(a)
m1
= sin cos
m2
(b)
m1
> sin + cos
m2
(c)
m1
= sin cos
m2
(d)
m1
= sin + cos
m2
The coefficient of friction between the tyres and road is 0.4. The minimum distance covered
before attaining a speed of 8 ms1 starting from rest is nearly : (g = 10 m/s2)
(b) 4.1 m
(c) 16.4 m
(d) 18.3 m
A block has been placed on an inclined plane. The slope angle of the plane is such that the
block slides down the plane at a constant speed. The coefficient of kinetic friction is equal to:
(a) sin
Q16.
3g
In the figure shown if coefficient of friction is , then m2 will start moving upwards if:
(a) 8.0 m
Q15.
(c)
A body of mass 10 kg is placed on rough surface, pushed by a force F making an angle of 30

to the horizontal. If the angle of friction is also 30 then the minimum magnitude of force F
required to move the body is equal to : (take g = 10 m/s2)
(a) 100 N
Q13.
For the arrangement shown in figure, the tension in the string to prevent it from sliding down,
is:
(a) 6 N
Q12.
(b)
(b) cos
(c) g
(d) tan
A block of mass M rests on a rough horizontal surface as shown. Coefficient of friction between
the block and the surface is . A force F = Mg acting at angle with the vertical side of the
block pulls it. In which of the following cases the block can be pulled along the surface:
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Q17.

2
(a) tan
(b) tan
(c) cot
(d) cot
A body is released from the top of a smooth inclined plane of inclination . It reaches the
bottom with velocity v. If the angle of inclination is doubled, what will be the velocity of the
body on reaching the ground:
(a) v
(b) 2v
1/2
(c) [2 cos ]
Q18.
1
tan
3
Q22.
(c)
1
tan
2
(d) 2 tan
(b) a sin
(c) (g a) sin
(d) (g + a) sin
The upper half of an inclined plane of inclination is perfectly smooth while the lower half
rough. A block starting from rest at the top of the plane will again come to rest at the bottom if
the coefficient of friction between the block and the lower half of the plane is given by:
(a) = 2 tan
Q21.
(b) 3 tan
A block is placed on the top of a smooth inclined plane of inclination kept on the floor of a lift.
When the lift is descending with a retardation a, the block is released. The acceleration of the
block relative to the incline is:
(a) g sin
Q20.
(d) [2 sin ]1/2 v
A box of mass 8 kg is placed on a rough inclined plane of inclination . Its downward motion
can be prevented by applying an upward pull F. And it can be made to slide upwards by
applying a force 2F. The coefficient of friction between the box and the inclined plane is:
(a)
Q19.
(b) = tan
(c) =
2
tan
(d) =
1
tan
A block of mass M is sliding down the plane. Coefficient of static friction is s and kinetic
friction is k. Then friction force acting on the block is:
(a) s Mg cos
(b) (F + mg) sin
(c) k (F + Mg) cos
(d) (Mg + F) tan
In the arrangement shown in figure, there is a friction force between the

blocks of masses m and 2m. The mass of the suspended block is m. The
block of mass m is stationary with respect to block of mass 2m. The
minimum value of coefficient of friction between m and 2m is:
(a) 1/2
(b) 1 /
(c) 1/4
(d) 1/3
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Q23.
A block of mass 10 kg is placed at a distance of 5 m from the rear end of a long trolley as
shown in figure. The coefficient of friction between the block and the surface is 0.2. Starting
from rest, the trolley is given a uniform acceleration of 3 ms 2. At what distance from the
starting point will the block fall off the trolley?
(Take g = 10 ms2)
(a) 10 m
Q24.
Q25.
(b) (M m) (2 1)g
(c) (M m) (2 + 1)g
(d) (M + m) (2 + 1)g
A block of mass 1 kg is placed on a truck which accelerates with acceleration 5 m/s 2. The
coefficient of static friction between the block and truck is 0.6. The frictional force acting on
the block is:
(c) 5.88 N
(d) 4.6 N
(b) 10 m/s2
(c) 5 m/s2
(d) 0.5 m/s2
If the coefficient of friction of a plane inclined at 30 is 0.4, then the acceleration of the body
sliding freely on it, is: (g = 9.8 m/s2)
(b) 3.54 m/s2
(c) 9.8 m/s2
(d) 4.9 m/s2
A rough vertical board has an acceleration a along the horizontal so that a block of mass M
pressing against it does not fall. The coefficient of friction between block and the board is:
(a)
Q29.
(b) 6 N
A block of mass 10 kg is placed on a rough horizontal surface having coefficient of friction =

0.5. If a horizontal force of 100 N is applied on it, then the acceleration of the block will be
(a) 1.51 m/s2

Q28.
(d) 30 m
(a) (M + m) (2 1)g
(a) 15 m/s2
Q27.
(c) 25 m
A block of mass m is placed on another block of mass M which itself is

lying on a horizontal surface. The coefficient of friction between two
blocks is 1 and that between the block of mass M and horizontal surface
is 2. What maximum horizontal force can be applied to the lower block
so that the two blocks move without separation:
(a) 5 N
Q26.
(b) 20 m
a
g
(b)
g
a
(c)
a
g
(d)
g
a
A block is moving up an inclined plane of inclination = 30 with a velocity 5 m/s. If it stops

after 0.5 sec then what is the value of coefficient of friction ():
(a) 0.6
(b) 0.5
(c) 1.25
(d) none
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Q30.
A car is moving along a straight horizontal road with a speed v 0. If the coefficient of friction
between the tyres and the road is . The shortest distance in which the car can be stopped is:
(a)
v 02
(b) 0
g
(c)
v 02
g
(d)
v02
2g
EXERCISE 1 ANSWER KEY

Q1
Q2
Q3.
Q4
Q5
Q6.
Q7
Q8.
Q9
Q10
Q11
Q12
Q13
Q14.
Q15
Q16
Q17.
Q18.
Q19.
Q20.
Q21.
Q22.
Q23.
Q24.
Q25.
Q26.
Q27
Q28
Q29
Q30
EXERCISE 2 ANSWER KEY
Q1
Q2
Q3
Q4
Q5
Q6.
Q7.
Q8.
Q9.
Q10.
Q11.
Q12.
Q13.
Q14.
Q15.
Q16.
Q17.
Q18.
Q19.
Q20.
Q21.
Q22.
Q23.
Q24.
Q25.
Q26.
Q27.
Q28.
Q29.
Q30.
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4-Newton&#39;s Laws of Motion, Friction and Non-Inertial Frame

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Physics

4-Newtons laws of motion, Friction and noninertial frame

FIRST LAW OF MOTION

Force is such a factor, which is essential for change in translatory motion of a

The first law of motion defines the force.

To remove the dust particles from a cloth by shaking it

Banking of the passengers (towards the motion of bus), sitting in a bus on

SECOND LAW OF MOTION

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4-Newtons laws of motion, Friction and noninertial frame

(Defining force such a way that k = 1)

Force is a vector quantity, whose unit is Newton or

The dimension of force is [MLT2]

THIRD LAW OF MOTION

is always equal and opposite to the force of

This law expresses the nature of force.

Action and reaction always acts on different bodies F12 F 21

Impulse : If a force F acts on a body for a short duration t, then impulse is

are initial and final momenta of the body respectively.

Thus impulse of force = Ft

the impulse is the area between the force curve and

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4-Newtons laws of motion, Friction and noninertial frame

It is parallel to the surface

Frictional force is independent of the area of surface in contact

Generally many of us have a. misconception that friction opposes the motion of

(b) Kinetic friction

Now let us have some discussion on these types of friction

The value of static friction lies between 0 and s N i.e. 0 fs sN where s is

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4-Newtons laws of motion, Friction and noninertial frame

tan = . Thus coefficient of static friction is equal to the tangent of the

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4-Newtons laws of motion, Friction and noninertial frame

On dividing one by other

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4-Newtons laws of motion, Friction and noninertial frame

Find frictional force on block 30 kg

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4-Newtons laws of motion, Friction and noninertial frame

(A) gradually increase

(B) gradually decrease

(C) first decrease then increase

(D) first increase then decrease

(C) a complicated curve

tangential to the direction of revolution.

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4-Newtons laws of motion, Friction and noninertial frame

towards the centre of the merry-go-round i.e. radially inwards.

towards a direction not specified in either of (A), (B) and (C).

The line of motion of the particle will keep changing.

The speed of the particle will keep changing.

The particle will keep moving.

None is essentially true.

are at rest with respect to each other.

are accelerated with respect to each other.

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(b) 8 kg, 8kg

(c) 2.88 kg, 6.72 kg

4-Newton's Laws of Motion, Friction and Non-Inertial Frame

4-Newton's Laws of Motion, Friction and Non-Inertial Frame