Verb to be

Affirmative
I
You
He
She

am a student
are in the room
is
is

It is/Piolin is/The cats is/The table is

We are
You are
They are

I
am not
You are not
He is not
She is not
It i is not
We are not
You are not
They are not

Questions
(V to be+Sub+C)
am + I
Are +You +student?
Is +He +late?
Is +She +
Is +It +
Are +We +married?
Are +You +
Are +They+

Negative
(Sub+Neg Ver to be+C)
Im
not
Youre not
You arent
Hes not
He isnt
Shes not

Its
not

Were not
We arent
Youre not

Theyre not

Answers

Aff
Neg

Corta
Yes, I am
No, I am not

Larga
Yes, I am a student
No, I am not a student

Good morning
Good afternoon
Good evening/nigth
Hello
Hi
Mr
Miss
Mrs
Ms

ON
IN

(Informal)

Men
Women
Women
Women

Days
Dates
Monts
Years

Specific
time(hours)
Petiools of
time

on
On Saturday
On June 7th

Single/Married
Single
Married
Single/Married

PREPOSITIONS OF TIME
We eat fanesca on friday

Seasons

AT

Before 12:00 pm
12:00pm-6:00pm
After 6:00 pm

Quito was fundated on December 6th

Christmas is in December
Liga was champion of America in
2008

Winter (invierno)
I go vacation in Summer (verano)
Spring (primavera)
Fall (Otoo)
Christmas
Carnival
Weeks
We have break at 4:30 pm
At night

in
In May
In 2003

at
At 8:30
At midnight

On Saturday, June
5th
On Friday morning

ON

IN

AT

Streets
Avenues
Roads
Corners

In the summer
In the morning

PREPOSITIONS OF PLACE
UPS is on Zaldumbide Streed
Luis house is on 6Dic Av

Continents
Countries
Cities
Provinces
Neighborhoods
Specific location
Address

on
On Fifth Avenue
On the corner
On the street

UPS is on the corner

ofand
Atahualpa Stadium is in Quito

Ozzy concert was at Coliseo

Rumiahui
Luis house is at 546-56 6Dic Av
I am in(dentro)/at hotel

in
In Mexico
In Osaka
In the park
In the
neighbohood

ON the table/ OVER

In
Under
Above
Next to/besides
In back of/behind
In front of
Between

I
You
He
She
It
We
You
they
??
++
-+
-

At noon
(mediodia)

at
At the Film Forum
At work
At school
At the teather

Sobre
Dentro
Esta debajo
Esta por encima
A lado
Atras
Adelante
Entre
SIMPLE PRESENT
love
love
loves
loves
loves
love
love
love

Do you study at U.P.S.?

Yes, I study at UPS
No, I dont study at U.P.S
Yes, I do
No, I dont

?? Does Marcela visit her family on holiday?

++ Yes, Marcela visits her family on holiday
-No, Marcela doesnt visit her family on holiday
+
Yes, she does
No, she doesnt
When add an s to the verb on:
Simple present
Third person singular

Affirmative sentences (he, she it. Ej. He/she/it/cat

loves)
INFORMATION WORDS
WHAT
What do the students like?
[Qu]
They like to play
WHERE
Where does the president live at?
[Donde]
He lives at Carandolet
WHO
Who lives with the president?
[Quin]
His family lives with him
WHEN
When do we have the exam?
[Cuando]
We have our exam on Saturday may 21st
WHY [Por
Why do you study?
qu]
Because I like to learn
WHICH
Which marker is yours?
[Cal]
The black marker is mine
Which marker do you like?
I like the black marker
HOW
How does Jack get home? [Cmo llega
[Como]
Jack a casa?]
He takes a bus
HOW
How expensive is a BMW car? [Cun
+ADJECTIVE caro es un B.M.W?]
[Cuan]
Its very expensive
1.

Where does Tom live?

Tom lives in Guaranda
2. When does Susan play tennis?
Susan plays tennis on weekends?
3. When does your friend watch TV?
My friend watches TV at night
4. How many brothers do you have?
I have 2 brothers
5. What time do we study?
We study at 5pm
6. How often (con q frecuencia) do you cook?
I cook everyday
7. Who does Sandy go to church with?
Sandy goes to church with her mother
8. Who does plays the violin very well?
Jimmy plays the violin very well
9. How do you/we go to school?
We go to school by bus
10. Why does she like Ecuador food?
She likes Ecuadorian food because its
delicious
Complete the questions using: do/does or the
correct form of be
1. What kind of music...do ...you like
(verb)?
2. Where...are...you from?
3. Wheredoes...your brother live (verb)?
4. Whatisyour (su) favorite kind of
food?
5. How old ...are...you?
(No verb)
6. How old ...is...your mom?
7. Where...does...your father work?
8. When...do...you do (verb) exercises?
9. What...do...you do (verb) on weekends?
10. Areyou married or single?

PRESENT CONTINUOUS (PROGRESSIVE)

NOW (in this moment)
He is checking his notes
Carlos is writing on his notebook
We are studying English
I am working now (No necesario)
FUTURE PLANS
Roberto is dancing tonight
Christian is watching TV tomorrow
The teacher is working next week
NEGATIVE
-- He is not checking his notes
- He isnt
-- Carlos isnt writing on his notebook
-- We are not studying English
-- We arent studying English
-- I am not working now
-- Im not working now
QUESTIONS
Is he checking his notes?
Yes, he is||No, he isnt
Is Carlos writing on his notebook?
Yes, he is||No, he isnt
Are we studying English?
Yes, we is||No, we isnt
Are you working now?
Yes, I am (Yes, Im)||No, Im not
INFORMATION QUESTIONS
What is he checking?
Who is writing on his notebook?
When is the teacher working?
What is Julian doing in the pool?
Julian is swimming in the pool
What are the students copying?
The students are copying the exercises
When are you shopping?
Im shopping tomorrow
When are you shopping?
Im shopping tomorrow
Who is Marian visiting?
Marian is visiting her mother
Who is buying some fruit?
Tim is buying some fruit
Where are they traveling next month?
Theyre traveling to Cuenca next month
Why is the baby is crying (llorando)?
The baby is crying because hes hungry (hambriento)
ING
+ing: walking; working; studying; eating; seeing
eing: havehaving; dancedancing;
writewriting
c-v-c: running; getting; planning
acento: permitting; controlling; occurring
acento: opening
ieying:diedying; tietying; untieuntying
listen listening /listing
Its raining now

CAN
ABILITY
I can to speak English but I cannot speak Chinese
He can plays soccer but he cannot play golf
She can cook Italian food||She cannot cook Chinese
food
We can drive a car || we cant fly an airplane
POSSIBILITY
We can take the test after recess
He can call you tonight
QUESTIONS
Can you speak English? Yes, I can||No, I cant
Can she cook Italian food? Yes, she can||No, she
cant
Can we drive a car? Yes, we can||No, we cant
Where can I buy the book?
How can I help you?
What languages can you speak?
Rta: after food
When kind (qu tipo) of food can she cook?
Rta: after recess
When can we take the test?
HAVE TO
STRONG NECESSITY
I have to study for the exam
I have to eat breakfast
They have to go to the bathroom
Tatty has to go shopping with her sister
He/she/it has to go to the doctor
NEGATIVE
I dont have to study for the exam
I dont have to eat breakfast
They doesnt have to go to the bathroom
Tatty doesnt has to go shopping with her sister
I can cook
I have to cook for my family (obligacin)
YES/NO QUESTIONS
?? Do you have to study for the exam?
+ Yes, I do
- No, I dont
++Yes, I have to study for the exam
--No, I dont have to study for the exam
?? Do they have to go to the bathroom?
+ Yes, they do
- No, they dont
Does he have to go to the doctor?
+ Yes, he does
- No, he doesnt
Does she have to go shopping with her sister?
+ Yes, she does
- No, she doesnt
INFORMATION QUESTIONS
Rta: breakfast
What do you have to eat?
Rta: to the bathroom
Where do they have to go?

Rta: her sister

Who does Tatty have to go shopping with?
Rta: El sujeto (Si va el sujeto no va el auxiliar)
Peter has to go to the doctor
Who does have has to go to the doctor
SIMPLE PRESENTROUTINES
S+Verb+C
??Do you take a shower every day?
+ - Yes, I do||No, I dont
++I take a shower everyday
-- I dont take a shower everyday
??Does he get up at 6 am?
+ - Yes, he does||No, he doesnt
++He gets up at 6 am
-- He doesnt get up at 6 am
What time/ when does he get up? At 6am
Water consistsof hydrogen and oxygen (consist)
Listen! The babyis carrying (Cry)
The Earthgoesaround the sun (Go)
Sheis wearinga yellow dress (usar) today (Wear)
Hey! Someoneis knocking at the door (Knock)
He usuallystudiesat the library (Study)
Iam readinga book right now (Read)
They neverhelptheir mother (Help)
ADVERDS OF FREQUENCY
100% Always
90%
80%
Usually/often/frecuenty
50%
Sometimes
30%
Rarely
20%
Hardly ever
0%
Never

Siempre
Casi siempre
Usualmente
A veces
Rar vez
Casi nunca
Nunca

TIME EXPRESSSION (+ especificas, van al final)

Everyday
At 6 am
Now
Tomorrow
He always studies at home
AF+verb
I am always happy
Be+AF
How often (con q frecuencia) do you go to church?
I always go to church on Sunday
I am Pamela
I have am 29 years old
My job is a teacher I am a teacher||I am an electric
engineer
I work in UPS I work at UPS (Salesian Polytechnic
University)
I like pop music and Im a salsa fans too
My favorite singer is Marck A
He have has a lot of beautiful songs

My sister study in studies at 24 de Mayo college

high school
How old are you?
Whats your job?
What do you do?
Singular
Prural

This table
That
These
Those

Esta (cerca)
Esa (Lejos)
Estas
Esas

THERE IS [HAY](SINGULAR)
++
There is a CD player on the table
Theres an eraser on the desk
Theres some water in the bottle
-There isnt a CD player on the table
There isnt an eraser on the desk
There isnt some any water in the bottle
??
Is there a CD player on the table?
Yes, there is a CD player on the table
No, there isnt a CD player on the table
Is there an eraser on the desk?
Yes, there is
No, there isnt
Is there any (+ usual)/some water in the bottle?
Yes, theres some water in the bottle
No, there isnt any water in the bottle
THERA ARE [HAY](PRURAL)
++
There are 3 markers on the desk (mesa)
There are 4 lamps in the classroom
There are some students here
-There arent 3 markers on the desk
There arent 4 lamps in the classroom
There arent any students here
??
Are there 3 markers on the desk?
Yes, there are
No, there arent
Are there 4 lamps in the classroom?
Are there any students here?
Yes, there are some students here
No, there arent any students here
TOO MUCH (Demasiado)[puede ir en afirmativo]
INDEFINITIVE ARTICLE (A; AN)
A student had an accident
DEFINITE ARTICLE (THE)
The accident was on 10 de Agosto Ave.
The student is in hospital (el que tuvo el accidente)
A river
The sun
A mountain
The moom

THE
THE Before proper names
The Tatiana
The Mr. Troya
The Sr. Sanchez
The Quito
The Ecuador
The nombres geograficos
Generalization with plural nouns or non count
nouns
The boys like the cars and the girls like the dolls
Boys like cars and girls like dolls
The children like the ice-cream
Children like ice-cream
Everybody loves rock music
THE [DO] Consonants
THE [DI] Vowels
The elephant
The apple
The octopus
The umbrella
A bottle of
A cup of
13 cup of
A gallon of
A piece of
A slice of
2 slices of

Water/coke
Sugar/flower(harina)
coffee
Gas
Bread
Pizza
Pizzas

QUANTITY EXPRESSIONS
COUNT NOUNS
NON COUNT NOUNS
Dollars (billetes;
(Dinero/
monedas)
plata)Sugar/water/oil/g
asoline/bread/feeling
(sents, intelig)
Can use a, an or
Cannot use a, an
one before them
or one
(singular)
A car
A car
An eraser
An eraser
One students
One students
Have plural forms
Dont have plural
forms
Cars/erasers/students
Cars/erasers/students
(-/?); +
MANY(muchos)[meny]
MUCH(muchos) [match]
A FEW/several/various
A LITTLE
Two, five, 100
PRURAL: Students
SINGULAR: Sugar
A LOT OF (Bastante)
SOME (+/?) [Som]
(Algunos, ni muchos, ni pocos)
ANY (-/?)
(ningn o nada)
How many brothers
How much sugar do you
do you have?
want?
I have 2 brothers
Not much, just a little
How much money do you
have? I have $2/

I have a lot of money

CONTABLES
I have some friends
I dont have any (ningn o nada) friends
Do you have any (+ usual)/some (si espero Rtas +)
friends?
NO CONTABLES
I have some (algo) money
I dont have any (nada) money
Do you have any/some money?
*1ero veo el sustantivo, y si es o no contable
*los no contables van en singular
I dont need some any sugar (noun count)
There is are many cars in the city
There arent isent any information (noun count)
for this project
There is much a lot of traffic (noun count) in Quito
There is any some ice cream(noun count) in the
freezer
I have to do a lot of homeworks (noun count)
homework