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Metrology
Dr. Ahmed Hassan Backar

2011/2012 - 1432/1433
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804445-3 Metrology
Lab (oral discussions and lab reports)
Mid-term exam
Attendance
Final exam

25%
20%
5%
50%

Team

working and active learning techniques will be used

in some topics during the course.
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Textbook
Handbook of Dimensional Measurement, Mark Curtis and
Francis Farago, Industrial press, 2007, 4th edition.

References
1. Fundamentals of Dimensional Metrology, Bonnie L.
Dotson, Delmar publishers, 2006, 5th edition.
2. Metrology for Engineers, By J. F. W. Galyer, C. R.
Shotbolt, Cassell Publishers Ltd, Hong kong, 1990.
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Course contents

Introduction
Line graduated Measuring Instruments
Fixed Gauges
Gage Blocks
Angle Measurements
Comparative Measurements
Surface Metrology
Measurements of Roundness
Measurements of Surface-Texture
Screw Thread Measurements
Gear Measurements

Week

Date

Lecture
Introduction

Tutorial

19/10/1430

26/10/1430

Lab Safety

3/11/1430

Line graduated Measuring

Instruments
Fixed Gauges

Vernier Calipers

10/11/1430

Gage Blocks

Micrometers

17/11/1430

Angular measurements

Fixed gauges

24/11/1430

Comparative Measurements

Gage Blocks

2/12/1430

Practical Measurements

Angle measurements

9/12/1430

16/12/1430

Practical Measurements
Dial indicators

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23/12/1430

Surface Metrology

Practical measurements

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1/1/1431

Measurements of Roundness

Surface Metrology

12

8/1/1431

Measurements of Roundness

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15/1/1431

Measurements of SurfaceTexture
Screw Thread Measurements

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22/1/1431

Gear Measurements

Measurements of SurfaceTexture
Screw Thread Measurements

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29/1/1431

Revision

Gear Measurements

Introduction
Engineering metrology
Is the science concerned with the measurements of linear
dimensions, angular dimensions, form errors and, surface quality.
This includes the used units, standards, measuring tools, measuring
techniques, and analysis of the results.

Dimension:
It is a geometrical characteristic of which the size is
specified, such as a diameter, length, angle, location, center
distance.

standard

input
Product or
Process to be
Measured

equipment

Measurement
process

output
measurement

procedure

operator

Ambient environmental
characteristics

Measurement Standard Units

Inch, foot; based on human body
4000 B.C. Egypt; Kings Elbow=0.4633 m, 1.5 ft, 2
handspans, 6 hand-widths, 24 finger-thickness.
AD 1101 King Henry I yard (0.9144 m) from his
nose to the tip of his thumb.
1872, Meter (in Greek, metron to measure)- 1/10
of a millionth of the distance between the North
Pole and the equator.

Measurement Standard Units

Platinum (90%)-iridium (10%) X-shaped bar
kept in controlled condition in Paris39.37 in
In 1960, 1,650,763.73 wave length in vacuum of
the orange light given off by electrically excited
krypton 86.

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Measurement Concepts
Precision; the degree to which the instrument
gives repeated measurements of the same
standard
Accuracy; The degree of agreement of the
measured dimension with its true magnitude

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Measurement Concepts
Sensitivity:
the smallest difference in dimensions that the
instrument can detect or distinguish
Resolution:
the smallest dimension that can be read on an
instruments.
Standard measuring temperature: 20 0C
Standard Humidity: 50%
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Measurement Concepts
Feature:
It is a specific portion of a part, such as a surface,
hole, slot, screw thread, or profile.
Size:
A number expressing, in particular unit, the
numerical value of a linear dimension.
Actual size:
The actual size of a dimension is the value that would
be obtained by measurement under standard
conditions of measurement.
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Measurement Concepts
Basic size (Nominal size):
The basic size of a dimension is the theoretical size
from which the limits for that dimension are derived.
Limits of size:
The limits of size are the maximum and minimum
permissible sizes for a specific dimension.

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Measurement Concepts
Maximum limit of size:
The greatest permissible size of a feature.

Minimum limit of size:

The smallest permissible size of a feature.

Tolerance:
The tolerance on a size dimension is the total
permissible variation in its size, which is equal to
the difference between the maximum and
minimum limits of size.

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Measurement Concepts
Bilateral Tolerance:
A bilateral tolerance is a tolerance which is expressed as plus and
minus values, which neither is zero, to denote permissible
variations in both directions from the specified size.

Unilateral Tolerance:
A unilateral tolerance is one which applies only in one direction from
the specified size, so that the permissible variation in the other
direction is zero.

Fit:
The fit between two mating parts is the relationship between them
with respect to the amount of clearance (space) or interference
(friction) present when they are assembled.
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Measurement Concepts
INSPECTION
Inspection is an essential operation in production process Where,
Products are examined and checked to insure its conformability
with the required specifications. There are two techniques to
achieve this operation. The first is the measuring technique , the
second is checking or gauging technique.

MEASURING TECHNIQUE
The product is measured by the conventional measuring tools. The
measured value is then compared with the required ones in order
to accept or reject the product.

GAUGING (CHECKING)
It is the operation of detecting whether the inspected part is
consistent with the required specifications or not, ( Accepted or
rejected), without regard to its parameter values
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Measurement Concepts
MEASURING RANGE
If the maximum reading of the measuring tool is Xmax and, its
minimum reading is Xmin, then
Measuring range = Xmin to Xmax

MEASURING SPAN
If the maximum reading of the measuring tool is Xmax and, its
minimum reading is Xmin, then
Measuring span = Xmax - Xmin
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