Section 9.

5: Stoichiometry of Solutions
Tutorial 1 Practice, page 447
1. (a) Given: VSrCl = 150 mL
2

cSrCl = 0.25 mol / L

2

cNa CO = 0.500 mol/L

2

Required: volume of 0.500 mol/L sodium carbonate, VNa CO

2

Solution:
Step 1. Convert all volumes of the solutions to litres.
1L
VSrCl = 150 mL !
2
1000 mL
VSrCl = 0.150 L
2

Step 2. Write a dissociation equation listing the calculated amounts and the required value(s).
SrCl2(aq)
+
Na2CO3(aq)
SrCO3(s) + NaCl(aq)
VSrCl = 0.150 L
cNa CO = 0.500 mol/L
2

cSrCl = 0.25 mol / L

2

VNa CO
2

Step 3. Determine the amount of strontium chloride by rearranging the equation.

n
c=
V
nSrCl = cSrCl VSrCl
2

0.25 mol
! 0.15 L
1L
= 0.037 50 mol [2 extra digits carried]
=

nSrCl

Step 4. Determine the amount of sodium carbonate.

1 mol Na CO
2
3
nNa CO = 0.037 50 molSrCl !
2
3
2
1 molSrCl
2

nNa CO = 0.037 50 mol

2

Step 5. Determine the volume of sodium carbonate by rearranging the equation.

nNa CO
2
3
VNa CO =
2
3
cNa CO
2

0.037 50 mol
0.500

mol
L

VNa CO = 0.075 L
2

Statement: The volume of 0.500 mol/L sodium carbonate required is 0.075 L or 75 mL.

Copyright 2011 Nelson Education Ltd.

Chapter 9: Solutions and Their Reactions 9.5-1

(b) Given: nSrCl = 0.037 50 mol (from (a))

2

Required: mass of precipitate strontium carbonate, mSrCO

Solution:
Step 1. Write a dissociation equation listing the calculated amounts and the required value(s).
SrCl2(aq)
+
Na2CO3(aq)
SrCO3(s) + NaCl(aq)
nSrCl = 0.037 50 mol
2

Step 2. Determine the amount of precipitate of strontium carbonate.

1 molSrCO
3
nSrCO = 0.037 50 molSrCl !
3
2
1 molSrCl
2

nSrCO = 0.037 50 molSrCO

3

Step 3. Calculate the mass of precipitate of strontium carbonate.

147.63 g
mSrCO = 0.037 50 mol !
3
1 mol
mSrCO = 5.5 g
3

Statement: The mass of strontium carbonate precipitate is 5.5 g.

2. (a) Given: VKOH = 70.0 mL

cKOH = 0.80 mol / L

cFe(NO

3 )3

VFe(NO

3 )3

= 0.50 mol/L
= 40.0 L

Required: mass of iron(III) hydroxide precipitate, mFe(OH)

Solution:
Step 1. Convert all volumes of the solutions to litres.
1L
VKOH = 70.0 mL !
1000 mL
VKOH = 0.070 L

VFe(NO ) = 40.0 mL !
3 3

1L
1000 mL

VFe(NO ) = 0.040 L
3 3

Step 2. Write the dissociation equation listing the calculated amounts and the required value(s).
Fe(NO3)3(aq)
+
3 KOH (aq)
Fe(OH)3(s) + 3 KCl(aq)
cKOH = 0.80 mol / L
cFe(NO ) = 0.50 mol/L
mFe(OH)
3 3

VFe(NO

3 )3

= 0.040 L

VKOH = 0.070 L

Copyright 2011 Nelson Education Ltd.

Chapter 9: Solutions and Their Reactions 9.5-2

Step 3. Determine the amounts.

n
c=
V
nFe(NO ) = cFe(NO ) VFe(NO )
3 3

3 3

3 3

0.50 mol
! 0.040 L
1L
= 0.020 mol
=

nFe(NO

3 )3

nKOH = cKOHVKOH
0.80 mol
! 0.070 L
1L
= 0.056 mol
=
nKOH

Step 4. Determine the limiting reagent.

1 mol Fe(NO )
3 3
nFe(NO ) = 0.056 mol KOH !
3 3
3 mol KOH

nFe(NO

3 )3

= 0.0187 mol Fe(NO

3 )3

[1 extra digit carried]

Therefore, 0.056 mol potassium hydroxide requires 0.019 mol of iron(III) nitrate.
Since 0.020 mol of iron(III) nitrate is present, potassium hydroxide is the limiting reagent.
Step 5. Use the amount of limiting reagent to determine the amount of iron(III) hydroxide
precipitate.
1 mol Fe(OH)
3
nFe(OH) = 0.056 mol KOH !
3
3 mol KOH

nFe(OH) = 0.0187 mol Fe(OH) [1 extra digit carried]

3

Step 6. Determine the mass of iron(III) hydroxide precipitate.

106.88 g
mFe(OH) = 0.0187 mol !
3
1 mol
mFe(OH) = 2.0 g
3

Statement: The mass of iron(III) hydroxide precipitate is 2.0 g.

Copyright 2011 Nelson Education Ltd.

Chapter 9: Solutions and Their Reactions 9.5-3

Tutorial 2 Practice, page 448

1. (a) Given: cBaCl = 0.50 mol/L
2

Required: amount concentration of the anion, cCl

Solution:
Step 1: Write the dissociation reaction.
BaCl2(s) Ba2+(aq) + 2 Cl(aq)
Step 2. Convert the concentration of the compound into concentration of anions.
mol BaCl
2 molCl
2
cCl = 0.50
!
L
1 mol BaCl
2

cCl = 1.0 mol/L

Statement: The amount concentration of chloride anion is 1.0 mol/L.
(b) Given: cKOH = 6.0 mol/L
Required: amount concentration of the anion, cOH
Solution:
Step 1: Write the dissociation reaction.
KOH(s) K+(aq) + OH(aq)
Step 2. Convert the concentration of the compound into concentration of anions.
cOH = 6.0

mol KOH
L

1 molOH
1 mol KOH

cOH = 6.0 mol/L

Statement: The amount concentration of hydroxide anion is 6.0 mol/L.

(c) Given: cAl(ClO ) = 0.10 mol/L
3 3

Required: amount concentration of the anion, cClO

3

Solution:
Step 1: Write the dissociation reaction.
Al(ClO3)3(s) Al3+(aq) + 3 ClO3(aq)
Step 2. Convert the concentration of the compound into concentration of cations.
molAl(ClO )
3 molClO
3 3
3
cClO = 0.10
!
3
L
1 molAl(ClO )
3 3

cClO = 0.30 mol/L

3

Statement: The amount concentration of chlorate anion is 0.30 mol/L.

Copyright 2011 Nelson Education Ltd.

Chapter 9: Solutions and Their Reactions 9.5-4

2. Given: m(NH

V(NH

4 ) 2 CO3

= 14.4 g

= 100.0 mL

4 ) 2 CO3

Required: amount concentration of ammonium ion, cNH +

4

Solution:
Step 1. Convert the volume of the solution to litres.
1L
V(NH ) CO = 100.0 mL !
4 2
3
1000 mL
V(NH ) CO = 0.1000 L
4 2

Step 2. Determine the amount of solute.

1 mol
n(NH ) CO = 14.4 g !
4 2
3
96.11 g

n(NH

4 ) 2 CO3

= 0.149 83 mol [2 extra digits carried]

Step 3. Determine the amount concentration.

n(NH ) CO
4 2
3
c(NH ) CO =
4 2
3
V(NH ) CO
4 2

0.149 83 mol
0.1000 L
= 1.50 mol/L
=

c(NH

4 ) 2 CO3

Step 4. Write a dissociation equation listing the calculated amounts and the required value(s).
(NH4)2CO3(s)
2 NH4+(aq) + CO32(aq)
c(NH ) CO = 1.50 mol/L
4 2

Step 5. Convert the concentration of the compound into concentration of cations.

mol(NH ) CO
2 mol NH +
4 2
3
4
cNH + = 1.50
!
4
L
1 mol(NH ) CO
4 2

cNH + = 3.00 mol/L

4

Statement: The amount concentration of the ammonium ion is 3.00 mol/L.

Copyright 2011 Nelson Education Ltd.

Chapter 9: Solutions and Their Reactions 9.5-5

3. Given: VNa PO = 1.75 L

3

cNa + = 0.25 mol / L

Required: mass of sodium phosphate, mNa PO
3

Solution:
Step 1. Write a dissociation equation listing the calculated amounts and the required value(s).
Na3PO4(s)
3 Na+(aq) + PO43(aq)
cNa + = 0.25 mol / L
VNa PO = 1.75 L
3

mNa PO
3

Step 2. Convert the concentration of the sodium ion into concentration of sodium phosphate.
mol Na + 1 mol Na PO
3
4
cNa PO = 0.25
!
3
4
L
3 mol Na +

cNa PO = 0.083 mol/L

3

Step 3. Determine the amount of solute.

n
c=
V
nNa PO = cNa PO VNa PO
3

0.083 mol
! 1.75 L
1L
= 0.146 mol [1 extra digit carried]
=

nNa PO
3

Step 4. Determine the mass of sodium phosphate.

163.95 g
mNa PO = 0.146 mol !
3
4
1 mol
mNa PO = 24 g
3

Statement: The mass of sodium phosphate is 24 g.

Section 9.5 Questions, page 449
1. (a) Given: VAgNO = 32.0 mL
3

cAgNO = 0.100 mol / L

3

VNaCl = 25 mL
Required: amount concentration of sodium ions, cNa +
Solution:
Step 1. Convert all volumes of the solutions to litres.
1L
VAgNO = 32.0 mL !
3
1000 mL
VAgNO = 0.032 L
3

Copyright 2011 Nelson Education Ltd.

Chapter 9: Solutions and Their Reactions 9.5-6

VNaCl = 25 mL !

1L
1000 mL

VNaCl = 0.025 L
Step 2. Write a dissociation equation listing the calculated amounts and the required value(s).
AgNO3(aq)
+
NaCl(aq)
AgCl(s) + NaNO3(aq)
VAgNO = 0.032 L
VNaCl = 0.025 L
3
cAgNO = 0.100 mol / L
3

cNaCl

Step 3. Determine the amount of solute.

n
c=
V
nAgNO = cAgNO VAgNO
3

0.100 mol
! 0.032 L
1L
= 0.003 20 mol [1 extra digit carried]
=

nAgNO

Step 4. Determine the amount of sodium chloride.

1 mol NaCl
nNaCl = 0.003 20 molAgNO !
3
1 molAgNO
3

nNaCl = 0.003 20 mol NaCl

Step 5. Determine the amount concentration of sodium chloride.
n
cNaCl = NaCl
VNaCl
0.003 20 mol
0.025 L
= 0.13 mol/L
=
cNaCl

Step 6. Write the dissociation reaction for sodium ions.

NaCl(aq) Na+(aq) + Cl(aq)
Step 7. Convert the concentration of the compound into concentration of sodium cations.
cNa + = 0.13

mol NaCl
L

1 mol Na +
1 mol NaCl

cNa + = 0.13 mol/L

Statement: The amount concentration of sodium ions is 0.13 mol/L.

Copyright 2011 Nelson Education Ltd.

Chapter 9: Solutions and Their Reactions 9.5-7

(b) Given: VNaCl = 0.032 L

nNaCl = 0.00320 mol / L (from (a), 1 extra digit carried)

Required: amount concentration of sodium chloride in g/L

Solution:
Step 1. Convert the amount of solute to mass.
58.54 g
mNaCl = 0.003 20 mol !
1 mol
mNaCl = 0.187 g [1 extra digit carried]
Step 2. Determine concentration of the solute using the mass.
m
cNaCl = NaCl
VNaCl
0.187 g
0.025 L
= 7.5 g/L
=
cNaCl

Statement: The amount concentration of sodium chloride is 7.5 g/L.

2. (a) NiSO4(aq) + 2 NaOH(aq) Ni(OH)2(s) + Na2SO4(aq)
(b) Given: cNiSO = 0.45 mol / L
4

VNiSO = 50.0 mL
4

VNaOH = 25.0 mL
cNaOH = 1.00 mol / L

Required: mass of nickel hydroxide precipitate, mNi(OH)

Solution:
Step 1. Convert all volumes of the solutions to litres.
1L
VNiSO = 50.0 mL !
4
1000 mL
VNiSO = 0.0500 L
4

VNaOH = 25.0 mL !

1L
1000 mL

VNaOH = 0.0250 L
Step 2. Write a dissociation equation listing the calculated amounts and the required value(s).
NiSO4(aq)
+
2 NaOH(aq) Ni(OH)2(s) + Na2SO4(aq)
VNiSO = 0.0500 L
VNaOH = 0.0250 L
4
cNiSO = 0.45 mol / L
4

cNaCl = 1.00 mol/L

Copyright 2011 Nelson Education Ltd.

Chapter 9: Solutions and Their Reactions 9.5-8

Step 3. Determine the amounts of both substances.

n
c=
V
nNiSO = cNiSO VNiSO
4

0.45 mol
! 0.0500 L
1L
= 0.0225 mol [1 extra digit carried]
=

nNiSO

nNaOH = cNaOHVNaOH
1.00 mol
! 0.0250 L
1L
nNaOH = 0.0250 mol
Step 4. Determine the amount of sodium hydroxide required to react with 0.0225 mol of
nickel(II) sulfate solution.
2 mol NaOH
nNaOH = 0.0225 mol NiSO !
4
1 mol NiSO
=

nNaOH = 0.0450 mol

Since this amount is greater than the amount present, sodium hydroxide is the limiting reagent
and nickel(II) sulfate is the excess reagent.
Step 5. Determine the amount of nickel hydroxide precipitate.
1 mol Ni(OH )
2
nNi(OH ) = 0.0250 mol NaOH !
2
2 mol NaOH

nNi(OH ) = 0.0125 mol Ni(OH )

2

Step 6. Determine the mass of nickel hydroxide precipitate.

92.71 g
mNi(OH ) = 0.0125 mol !
2
1 mol
mNi(OH ) = 1.16 g
2

Statement: The mass of nickel(II) hydroxide precipitate produced in this reaction is 1.16 g.
3. (a) Given: mCaCO = 15.2 g
3

VNa CO = 200.0 mL
2

Required: amount concentration of sodium carbonate solution, cNa CO

2

Solution:
Step 1. Convert the volume of the solution to litres.
1L
VNa CO = 200.0 mL !
2
3
1000 mL
VNa CO = 0.2000 L
2

Copyright 2011 Nelson Education Ltd.

Chapter 9: Solutions and Their Reactions 9.5-9

Step 2. Determine the amount of calcium carbonate.

1 mol
nCaCO = 15.2 g !
3
100.09 g

nCaCO = 0.151 86 mol [2 extra digits carried]

3

Step 3. Write a dissociation equation listing the calculated amounts and the required value(s).
Na2CO3(aq) +
CaCl2(aq)
CaCO3(s) + 2 NaCl(aq)
VNa CO = 0.200 L
mCaCO = 15.2 g
2

nCaCO = 0.151 86 mol

3

Step 4. Determine the amount of sodium carbonate.

1 mol Na CO
2
3
nNa CO = 0.151 86 molCaCO !
2
3
3
1 molCaCO
3

nNa CO = 0.151 86 mol

2

Step 5. Determine the amount concentration.

nNa CO
2
3
cNa CO =
2
3
VNa CO
2

0.151 86 mol
0.2000 L
= 0.759 mol/L
=

cNa CO
2

Statement: The amount concentration of original sodium carbonate solution is 0.759 mol/L.
(b) Given: mCaCO = 15.2 g
3

cCaCl = 0.500 mol/L

2

nCaCO = 0.151 86 mol (from (a), 2 extra digits carried)

3

Required: volume of calcium chloride solution, VCaCl

Solution:
Step 1. Write a dissociation equation listing the calculated amounts and the required value(s).
Na2CO3(aq) +
CaCl2(aq)
CaCO3(s) + 2 NaCl(aq)
cCaCl = 0.500 mol/L
mCaCO = 15.2 g
2

nCaCO = 0.151 86 mol

3

Step 2. Determine the amount of calcium chloride.

1 molCaCl
2
nCaCl = 0.151 86 molCaCO !
2
3
1 molCaCO
3

nCaCl = 0.151 86 mol

2

Copyright 2011 Nelson Education Ltd.

Chapter 9: Solutions and Their Reactions 9.5-10

Step 3. Rearrange the equation and substitute values.

nCaCl
2
cCaCl =
2
VCaCl
2

VCaCl =
2

nCaCl
cCaCl

0.151 86 mol
0.500

mol
L

VCaCl = 0.304 L
2

Statement: The volume of calcium chloride solution required to produce 15.2 g of calcium
carbonate is 0.304 L or 304 mL.
4. Given: cHCl = 12.0 mol/L

mFe O = 224 g
3

Required: volume of hydrochloric acid, VHCl

Solution:
Step 1. Determine the amount of solute from the mass of solute.
1 mol
nFe O = 224 g !
2 3
159.7 g

nFe O = 1.4026 mol [2 extra digits carried]

2

Step 2. Write a dissociation equation listing the calculated amounts and the required value(s).
Fe2O3(s)
+
6 HCl(aq)
2 FeCl3(aq) + 3 H2O(l)
cHCl = 12.0 mol/L
mFe O = 224 g
2

nFe O = 1.4026 mol

2

Step 3. Determine the amount of hydrochloric acid.

6 mol HCl
nHCl = 1.4026 mol Fe O !
2 3
1 mol Fe O
2

nHCl = 8.4158 mol HCl [2 extra digits carried]

Copyright 2011 Nelson Education Ltd.

Chapter 9: Solutions and Their Reactions 9.5-11

Step 4. Rearrange the equation and substitute values to calculate the volume of hydrochloric
acid.
n
cHCl = HCl
VHCl

VHCl =
=

nHCl
cHCl
8.4158 mol

mol
L
VHCl = 0.701 L
Statement: The volume of hydrochloric acid is 0.701 L.
5. (a) 2 Al(s) + 3 CuSO4(aq) 3 Cu(s) + Al2(SO4)3(aq)
(b) Given: cCuSO = 0.100 mol/L
12.0

VCuSO = 150 mL
4

Required: mass of aluminum, mAl

Solution:
Step 1. Convert the volume of the solution to litres.
1L
VCuSO = 150 mL !
4
1000 mL
VCuSO = 0.15 L
4

Step 2. Determine the amount of copper(II) sulfate.

nCuSO
4
cCuSO =
4
VCuSO
4

nCuSO = VCuSO ! cCuSO

4

0.100 mol
1L
= 0.015 mol
= 0.15 L !

nCuSO

Step 3. Determine the amount of aluminum.

2 molAl
nAl = 0.015 molCuSO !
4
3 molCuSO
4

nAl = 0.010 molAl

Copyright 2011 Nelson Education Ltd.

Chapter 9: Solutions and Their Reactions 9.5-12

Step 4. Determine the mass of aluminum.

26.98 g
mAl = 0.010 mol !
1 mol
mAl = 0.27 g
Statement: The mass of aluminum required to react with the copper(II) sulfate solution
is 0.27 g.
6
6. Given: mNaOH = 45 ! 10 t
cNaCl = 6.0 mol/L

Required: volume of sodium chloride, VNaCl

Solution:
Step 1. Convert the mass of sodium hydroxide to grams.
106 g
6
mNaOH = 45 ! 10 t !
1t

mNaOH = 45 ! 1012 g
Step 2. Determine the amount of sodium hydroxide.
1 mol
nNaOH = 45 ! 1012 g !
40.00 g
nNaOH = 1.125 ! 1012 mol [2 extra digits carried]
Step 3. Write a dissociation equation listing the calculated amounts and the required value(s).
2 NaCl(aq) + 2 H2O(l) 2 NaOH(aq) + Cl2(g) + H2(g)
nNaOH = 1.125 ! 1012 mol
cNaCl = 6.0 mol/L
Step 4. Determine the amount of sodium chloride.
1 mol NaCl
nNaCl = 1.125 ! 1012 mol NaOH !
1 mol NaOH

nNaCl = 1.125 ! 1012 mol NaCl

Step 5. Rearrange the equation and substitute values to calculate the volume of hydrochloric
acid.
n
cNaCl = NaCl
VNaCl
VNaCl =
=

nNaCl
cNaCl
1.125 ! 1012 mol

mol
L
11
= 1.9 ! 10 L
6.0

VNaCl

Statement: The volume of sodium chloride solution required is 1.9 1011 L.

Copyright 2011 Nelson Education Ltd.

Chapter 9: Solutions and Their Reactions 9.5-13

7. Given: cAgNO = 0.50 mol / L

3

VAgNO = 15.0 mL
3

msolute = 0.42 g
Vsolution = 100.0 mL
Required: identify the solute
Solution:
Step 1. Convert the volumes of the solutions to litres.
1L
VAgNO = 15.0 mL !
3
1000 mL
VAgNO = 0.0150 L
3

Vsolution = 100.0 mL !

1L
1000 mL

Vsolution = 0.1000 L
Step 2. Determine the amount of silver nitrate used.
0.50 mol
nAgNO = 0.0150 L !
3
1L

nAgNO = 7.5 ! 10 "3 mol

3

Step 3. Using sodium chloride as the solute, determine the amount of sodium chloride.
1 mol
nNaCl = 0.42 g !
58.44 g

nNaCl = 7.2 ! 10 "3 mol

Step 4. Using sodium chloride as the solute, write the dissociation equation.
NaCl(aq)
+
AgNO3(aq) AgCl(s) + NaNO3 (aq)
"3
nNaCl = 7.2 ! 10 mol
nAgNO
3

Step 5. Using sodium chloride as the solute, determine the amount of silver nitrate required.
1 molAgNO
3
nAgNO = 7.2 ! 10 "3 mol NaCl !
3
1 mol NaCl
nAgNO = 7.2 ! 10 "3 mol
3

Step 6. Using calcium chloride as the solute, determine the amount of calcium chloride.
1 mol
nCaCl = 0.42 g !
2
110.98 g

nCaCl = 3.78 ! 10 "3 mol [1 extra digit carried]

2

Step 7. Using calcium chloride as the solute, write the dissociation equation.
CaCl2(aq)
+
2 AgNO3(aq) 2 AgCl(s) + Ca(NO3)2(aq)
"3
nAgNO
nCaCl = 3.78 ! 10 mol
2

Copyright 2011 Nelson Education Ltd.

Chapter 9: Solutions and Their Reactions 9.5-14

Step 8. Using calcium chloride as the solute, determine the amount of silver nitrate required.
2 molAgNO
3
nAgNO = 3.78 ! 10 "3 molCaCl !
3
2
1 molCaCl
2

nAgNO = 7.56 ! 10 "3 mol

3

Statement: The actual amount of silver nitrate available is 7.5 10-3 mol. If the unknown
solution contains sodium chloride, it would take 7.2 10-3 mol of silver nitrate to precipitate all
of the chloride ions. If the unknown solution contains calcium chloride, it would take
7.56 10-3 mol of silver nitrate to precipitate all of the chloride ions. The unknown solution is
sodium chloride because there is not enough silver nitrate to precipitate all of the chloride ions if
the solution was calcium chloride.
8. (a) Given: cNa CO = 0.5 mol / L
2

Step 1: Write the dissociation reaction.

Na2CO3(aq) 2 Na+(aq) + CO32-(aq)
Step 2. Convert the concentration of the compound into concentration of cations.
mol Na CO
2 mol Na +
2
3
cNa + = 0.5
!
L
1 mol Na CO
2

cNa + = 1 mol/L
Statement: The amount concentration of cations is 1 mol/L.
(b) Given: c( NH ) SO = 0.2 mol / L
4 2

Step 1: Write the dissociation reaction.

(NH4)2SO3(s) 2 NH4+ + SO32
Step 2. Convert the concentration of the compound into concentration of cations.
mol(NH ) SO
2 mol NH +
4 2
3
4
cNH + = 0.2
!
4
L
1 mol(NH ) SO
4 2

cNH + = 0.4 mol/L

4

Statement: The amount concentration of cations is 0.4 mol/L.

(c) Given: cFe (SO ) = 1.5 mol / L
2

4 3

Step 1: Write the dissociation reaction.

Fe2(SO4)3(s) 2 Fe3+ + 3 SO42
Step 2. Convert the concentration of the compound into concentration of cations.
mol Fe (SO )
2 mol Fe3+
2
4 3
cFe3+ = 1.5
!
L
1 mol Fe (SO )
2

4 3

cFe3+ = 3.0 mol/L

Statement: The amount concentration of cations is 3.0 mol/L.

Copyright 2011 Nelson Education Ltd.

Chapter 9: Solutions and Their Reactions 9.5-15

9. Given: cNa + = 0.85 mol/L

VNa CO = 200.0 mL
2

Required: mass of sodium carbonate, mNa CO

2

Solution:
Step 1. Convert the volume of the solution to litres.
1L
VNa CO = 200.0 mL !
2
3
1000 mL
VNa CO = 0.2000 L
2

Step 2. Write the dissociation reaction.

Na2CO3(aq) 2 Na+(aq) + CO32-(aq)
Step 3. Determine the concentration of sodium carbonate.
mol Na + 1 mol Na CO
2
3
cNa CO = 0.85
!
2
3
L
2 mol Na +

cNa CO = 0.425 mol/L [1 extra digit carried]

2

Step 4. Determine the amount of sodium carbonate.

nNa CO
2
3
cNa CO =
2
3
VNa CO
2

nNa CO = cNa CO ! VNa CO

2

nNa CO
2

mol
= 0.425
! 0.2000 L
L
= 0.085 mol

Step 5. Determine the mass of sodium carbonate.

105.99 g
mNa CO = 0.085 mol !
2
3
1 mo l
mNa CO = 9.0 g
2

Statement: The mass of sodium carbonate is 9.0 g.

Copyright 2011 Nelson Education Ltd.

Chapter 9: Solutions and Their Reactions 9.5-16