ENGLISH PHONETIC AND PHONOLOGY

Englishs Accent : Estuary English

Group 6 :
Atika Puspitasari
Nino Greati Ano
Rizal Khanafi

121311233147
121311233149
121311233160

ENGLISH DEPARTMENT
FACULTY OF HUMANITIES
AIRLANGGA UNIVERSITY
2015

Preface
We are so blessed to finally finish our paper on Englishs accent: Estuary
English. Our work might not be perfect, but we do solemnly hope that this
work will help ease everyone who needs insight information on Estuary
Englishs accent on any account. We want to thank everyone who is
involved to the making of this paper.
The subject of this paper firstly brought by our English Phonetics and
Phonologys lecturer, Mrs. Masitha, to suffice academic reason. We do
hope this paper will fulfill her standart in any way possible.

Surabaya, 16 April 2015

Team of Authors

 The Characteristics of Estuary English

The term of Estuary English (EE) first coined in locus classicus article
by David
Rosewarne in 1984 and published in Times Educational
Supplement in which he defines English Estuary (EE) as a variety of
modified regional speech. It is a mixture of non-regional and local southeastern English pronunciation and intonation. If one imagines a continuum
with RP and London speech at either end,Estuary English speakers are to
be found grouped in the middle ground. (Rosewarne, 1984:29)
These are some of the characteristics features in EE as Wells (1992,
1994,1997) states:

Non-rhoticity. Speakers usually pronounce /r/ only before and between

vowels.

Use of intrusive R: pronouncing /r/ where etymologically no /r/ is

present to prevent consecutive vowel sounds. For instance, drawingis
pronounced /drr/.

H-dropping, i.e., Dropping /h/ in stressed words (e.g. [] for hat)

Monophthongal ([] or [a]) realization of /a/ (as in

MOUTH).

There are some presence of a couple of vowel splits in EE:

Wholly-holy split, which
with holy /hli/.

means

that wholly /hli/ doesn't

rhyme

Foot-strut split, which means that foot /ft/ has a different vowel
to strut /strt/.
Trap-bath split, which means that trap /trp/ has a different vowel
to bath /b/.
Parsons
(1998)
also
add
the thought split,
which
causes board /bd/ not
to
rhyme
with bored/bd/.// (phonetically [] or [o]) appears
before
consonants,
while // (phonetically [] or []) appears
at
a
morpheme boundary.
However, Przedlacka (2001) states that
both // and // may have the same, monophthongal quality [].

T glottalisation: realising
a glottal
stop instead
(pronounced /kn/).

non-initial, most commonly

of
an alveolar
stop,

final, /t/ as
e.g. can't

Yod-coalescence, i.e., the use of the affricates [dd] and [td] instead of
the clusters [dj] and [tj] in words like dune and Tuesday. Thus, these
words sound like June and choose day.

Realization of non-prevocalic /l/:

L-vocalisation, i.e., the usage of [o], [], or [] in the last positions or

in a final consonant cluster, for example sold (pronounced [sd]). In
London, this may even occur when a vowel follows, e.g. in the
sentence Id like to ask that girl out [o o]. In all phonetic
environments male London speakers were at least twice as likely to
vocalize dark-l as female London speakers. (Ashby,2011)

Dark /l/ realized as clear [l], as in most accents of Irish

English. Przedlacka (2001) notes that in her study that "all four Essex
speakers have a clear [l] in pull." Alternation between the vocalized [o
~ ~ ], dark non-vocalized [] and clear non-vocalized [l], depending
on the word.

According to Przedlacka (2001) there are many vowels Changed in EE:

/i/ (as in fleece) can be feature as [i], [i] or [i], with the first two
variants predominating Before the dark /l/, it is sometimes a centering
diphthong [i].

/u/ (as in goose) can be comprehend in many different ways, among

which
are
monophthongs [], [], [], [], [], [uu ] and
diphthongs [], [],[] and [u].
Front
realisations
([], [], [] and []) are more often encountered in female speakers.
Before the dark /l/, it is always back.

// can be central (rounded [ ] or unrounded []), near-front [], or

simply near-back [], as in RP. Only the last variant appears before the
dark /l/.

// (as in thought), according to Przedlacka (2001), can be realized in

two
different
ways:
diphthongal; [o] in
closed
syllables,
and [] or [ ] in
open
syllables, and
monophthongal []. But,
according to Parsons (1998), it is either [] or [o] before consonant,
and either [] or [] at a morpheme boundary.

// (as
in strut)
can
be
recognize
as [], [], [], [u ] or [], with [] being predominant. The first two
variants occur mostly before //. Fronted realisations ([u ] and []) are
more often used by females.

// (as in trap) can be realized as [a], [a ], [], [] or []. A somewhat

retracted front [a ] has been reported for some speakers in Reading.

// (as in goat) may be recognize in a couple of different ways.

According
to Przedlacka
(2001),
it
is
any
of
the
following: [], [], [] or []; the last two are more often used by
females. She also notes a fully rounded diphthong [o] found in some
speakers from Essex, as well as two rare monophthongal realizations,
namely []and [o ]. But, According to Lodge (2009), Estuary // may
be pronounced [] or [ ], i.e. with the first element somewhat
lengthened and much more open than in RP, and the second element
being near-close central, either with or without lip-rounding.

/e/ (as in face) can be realised [], [], [] or []

/a/ (as in price) can be realised as [a], [a ], [u ], [u ], [] or [].

/a/ (as in mouth) can be realised as [a], [a], [], [] or [].

[a] denotes a front onset [a], not a central one[a ].

TABLE OF ESTUARY ENGLISH VOWELS

ACCORDING TO WELLS (1994)

Short
vowels

kit

Long
vowels

foot

strut

lot - cloth

comma letter

i
fleece happy

goose

bath - start
palm

thought north
force - sure

dress

trap

nurse

Diphthong
s

holy

goat goalie

loaf

choice

face

price

mouth

near

square

bored

L vocalization

Short
vowels

o o o o eo
o
o
milk

pull

bulk

doll

middle

shell

canal

Long
vowels

io u o o o
field

Diphthon
gs

cool

Charles

call[5]

world

o o o
o o
howl

goal

mile

oil

fail

References :
Rosewarne, David.(1984). Estuary
Supplement. (19 October 1984)

English.

Times

Educational

Wells, John C.(1992).Estuary English?!? Handout for a talk at a BAAP

symposium.
Cambridge
taken
from
<http://www.phon.ucl.ac.uk/home/estuary/estuary-screech-query.htm
Wells, John C.(1994).Transcribing Estuary English: a discussion
document as published in Speech Hearing and Language: UCL Work in
Progress, vol. 8: p. 259-267
Wells, John C. (1997). What is Estuary English?.English Teaching
Professional,
Vol.
3:
p.
46-47.
taken
from<
http://www.phon.ucl.ac.uk/home/estuary/whatis.htm>
Ashby, Patricia.(2011).The l-vocalization trend in young London English
speech: growing or declining?.English phonetics (English Phonetic Society
of Japan)
Parsons, Gudrun.(1998). From "RP" to "Estuary English": The concept
'received' and the debate about British pronunciation standards. Hamburg
Przedlacka, Joanna.(2001). Estuary English and RP: Some Recent Findings.
Poland: Studia Anglica Posnaniensia University of Warsaw

Lodge, Ken(2009). A Critical Introduction to Phonetics.US: A&C Black