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Personalvalues,beliefandattitudes
Ashumanbeings,weallhaveourownvalues,beliefsandattitudesthatwehavedeveloped
throughoutthecourseofourlives.Ourfamily,friends,communityandtheexperienceswehave
hadallcontributetooursenseofwhoweareandhowweviewtheworld.Ascommunity
servicesworkers,weareoftenworkingwithpeoplewhoarevulnerableand/orwhomaylivea
lifestylethatmainstreamsocietyviewsasbeingdifferentorunacceptable.If,ascommunity
servicesworkers,wearetoprovideaservicethatmeetstheneedsofourtargetgroupsandhelps
themtofeelempowered,weneedtobeawareofourownpersonalvalues,beliefsandattitudes
andbepreparedtoadopttheprofessionalvaluesofourindustryandnotimposeourownideas
onourclients.

Whatarevalues?
Valuesareprinciples,standardsorqualitiesthatanindividualorgroupofpeopleholdinhigh
regard.Thesevaluesguidethewayweliveourlivesandthedecisionswemake.Avaluemaybe
definedassomethingthatweholddear,thosethings/qualitieswhichweconsidertobeofworth.
Avalueiscommonlyformedbyaparticularbeliefthatisrelatedtotheworthofanideaortype
ofbehaviour.Somepeoplemayseegreatvalueinsavingtheworldsrainforests.Howevera
personwhoreliesontheloggingofaforestfortheirjobmaynotplacethesamevalueonthe
forestasapersonwhowantstosaveit.
Valuescaninfluencemanyofthejudgmentswemakeaswellashaveanimpactonthesupport
wegiveclients.Itisimportantthatwedonotinfluenceclientsdecisionsbasedonourvalues.
Weshouldalwaysworkfromthebasisofsupportingtheclientsvalues.

Activity:Whataresomeofmyvalues?
1. Mannersaretheyoldfashioned?Dotheyholdahighorlowvalueinyourlife?
2. Pridearetherethingsyouneedtobeproudof?Doyouvalueprideordoyouvalue
humility?
3. Clotheshowimportantareclothesatwork?Atplay?
4. Behaviouronthesportsfieldwhatbehavioursdoyouvalue?Sportsmanship?Winning?
Teamspirit?Individuality?
5. Familylife?Whatdoyouvalueaboutfamilylife?
Writedownsomeofthevaluesyouholdintheseareas.Talktofriends
andfamilymembers.Askthemthesesamequestions.Dotheanswers
differ?

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Feedback

Wheredovaluescomefrom?
Ourvaluescomefromavarietyofsources.Someoftheseinclude:
family
peers(socialinfluences)
theworkplace(workethics,jobroles)
educationalinstitutionssuchasschoolsorTAFE
significantlifeevents(death,divorce,losingjobs,majoraccidentandtrauma,majorhealth
issues,significantfinanciallossesandsoon)
religion
music
media
technology
culture
majorhistoricalevents(worldwars,economicdepressions,etc).

Dominantvalues
Dominantvaluesarethosethatarewidelysharedamongstagroup,communityorculture.They
arepassedonthroughsourcessuchasthemedia,institutions,religiousorganisationsorfamily,
butrememberwhatisconsidereddominantinonecultureorsocietywillvarytothenext.
Usingthesourceslistedabove,someofyourvaluescouldbe:
familycaringforeachother,familycomesfirst
peersimportanceoffriendship,importanceofdoingthingsthatpeersapproveof
workplacedoingyourjobproperlyapproving/disapprovingofforeignorders(doing
homerelatedactivitiesinworktimeorusingworkresourcesforhomerelatedactivities)
educationalinstitutionsthevaluingorotherwiseoflearningvalueofselfinrelationtoan
abilitytolearn(thisoftendependsonpersonalexperienceofschooling,whetherpositiveor
negative)
significantlifeeventsdeathoflovedonesandtheimpactonwhatwevalueasbeing
importantmarriageandtheimportanceandroleofmarriageandchildrenseparationand
divorceandthevaluechangethatmaybeassociatedwiththis(valuingofselforotherwise)
religionbeliefsaboutrightandwrongandbeliefsingods
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mediatheimpactofTV,movies,radio,theInternetandadvertisingonwhatisimportant
inourlives,whatisvaluedandnotvalued
musicmusicoftenreflectswhatisoccurringinsociety,peoplesresponsetothingssuch
asloveandrelationshipswhichmaytheninfluencethedevelopmentofourvalues
technologytheimportanceoftechnologyorotherwisetheimportanceofcomputersand
developingcomputerskills
cultureaculturalvaluesuchastheimportanceofindividualityasopposedtoconforming
togroups
majorhistoricaleventsnotwastinganything,savingfortimesofdraught,valuinghuman
life,patrioticvalues.
Itisimportantthatyoudevelopanawarenessofwhatyouvalue,asthesevalueswillbe
importantininformingyourrelationshipswithclients,coworkersandemployers.
ThefollowingisalistofcommondominantvaluesinAustraliansociety.Tickthevaluesthat
applytoyouandthenselectthetenmostimportantvaluesyoutickedandrankthem.
(1=mostimportant,10=leastimportant)
Clickhereforthelist(.doc12KB)
Didyoulearnsomethingaboutyourselfthatyoudidntexpect?Whatisimportanthereisyour
abilitytobeabletoidentifythevaluesthatareimportanttoyou.
Itisimportanttobeconsciousofourvalues.Thisknowledgehelpsusto:
askourselveswhywearedoingwhatwearedoing
identifytheconsequencesofouractionsforourselvesandothers(includingclientsandco
workers)
considerotherandbetteroptionsifnecessary.
Itisimportanttonotonlyhaveaknowledgeofyourvaluesystem,buttounderstandthatyour
valuesunderpinyourbeliefsandbeliefsunderpinbehaviour.Howwebehaveisareflectionof
ourbeliefsandourbeliefsareareflectionofourvalues.

Exploringyourvalues
Weareallinfluencedinvaryingdegreesbythevaluesofourfamily,culture,religion,education
andsocialgroup.Knowingyourownvaluescanhelpyouworkeffectivelywithclients,resolve
conflictsandsupporttheorganisationsphilosophyofcareappropriately.Whereverourvalues
comefromtheymakeustheuniquepersonwearetoday!
Answerthefollowingandthenthinkaboutwhatittellsyouaboutyourself,whereyourvalues
havecomefromandhowpeoplewithdifferentbackgroundsandlifeexperienceswouldanswer
thesequestions.Therearenorightorwronganswersjustanswerhonestlyandbewillingto
exploreandreflectuponyourownvalues.

Race

WithwhatracedoIidentify?
DoIknowpeoplefromadifferentracetome?
DoIbelievepeoplefromdifferentracesshouldlivetogether?
Whatwouldlifebelikeifmyskincolourwasdifferent?

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WhatdoIthinkaboutmarriagesandrelationshipsbetweenpeoplefromdifferentraces?

Gender

HowmanyfriendsdoIhavefromtheoppositesex?
IfIwasadifferentgenderhowmightlifebedifferent?

Religion

Whatismyreligion?DoIbelieveinit?
Whatismyfamilysreligion?
Aremostpeopleinmycommunityfromthisreligion?
Howdoesmyreligioninfluencemylife?

Culture

WhatculturedoIidentifywith?
WhatdoIlikeanddislikeaboutmycultureandtraditions?
Whatotherculturesinterestme?DoIlikelearningaboutthem?Why?

Language

Whatismyfirstlanguage?
WhatotherlanguagesdoIspeak?
Whoshoulddecidewhatlanguagepeopleshouldspeak?

General

WhatpoliticalpartydoIsupport?Why?
DoIbelieveinthedeathpenalty?Why?
Whataremyviewsonabortion?Why?
Whataremyviewsonhomosexuality?Why?
Whataremyviewsaboutillegaldrugs?Why?
Whataremyviewaboutvoluntaryeuthanasia?Why?

Reflectonyouranswersaboutwhereyourvalueshavecomefrom.
1. Whatdidthisactivitytellyouaboutyourvalues?
2. Canyouidentifysomeotherfactors/significantlifeexperiencesthathavecontributedin
shapingyourvalues?
3. WhyhaveyoudecidedtobecomeaworkerintheCSI?
4. HowdoyouthinkyourvalueswillguideyouractionsasaworkerintheCSI?
Theaimofthisactivityistomakeyouawareofissuesthatcouldariseintheworkplaceandthe
differingvaluesworkerscanhave.Therearenorightorwronganswers,sowhencompletingthis
activitytrytobeashonestasyoucan.

Valuesclarification
Readthefollowingscenariosandrateyourreactionsbytickingtheboxwhichbestdefinesyour
reaction.

Scenario1
StanandRussellhavebecomegoodfriendsintheresidentialcare
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facility.Theyenjoyeachotherscompanyandliketoread
pornographicmagazinestogether.Stanusuallybuysthe
magazines,butonemonthStandidnotcomeintothehostelfor
careasheusuallydid.Russellwantedsomenewpornostoreadso
heaskedPennythecareworkertobuyhimsomemagazines.She
agreedandbroughtsomeforhim.
WhatdoyouthinkaboutPennydoingthisforRussell?
Ithinkthisisnotokay.
Iamundecided.
Ithinkthisisokay.

Scenario2
Wayneisa49yearoldvolunteeratanagedcarehome.Heisan
AngloAustralian,withadisability.HeworkswithAnh,the
recreationofficer.SheVietnameseandis20yearsold.Wayneand
AnhhavebeengoingouttogetherandWaynehastoldAnhthathe
lovesher.HowdoyoufeelaboutAnhandWaynebeingpartners?
Rateyourfeelingaccordingtotheirages:
Ithinkthisisnotokay.
Iamundecided.
Ithinkthisisokay.
Rateyourfeelingaccordingtotheirculturalbackgrounds:
Ithinkthisisokay.
Ithinkthisisnotokay.
Iamundecided.
Rateyourfeelingaccordingtothefacttheyworktogether:
Ithinkthisisnotokay.
Iamundecided.
Ithinkthisisokay.

Scenario3
Dawnisa50yearoldwomanwithDownsSyndrome,andisa
residentataresidentialagedcarefacility.Shemasturbatesinthe
commonloungeareaatthefacility.Sheneedstobeshowna
privateplacetodothisanditisyourroletotakehertoaprivate
room,nexttimesheismasturbating.Howdoyoufeelaboutthis?
RateyourresponseaccordingtothefactorofDawnmasturbating:
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Iamundecided.
Ithinkthisisokay.
Ithinkthisisnotokay.
Rateyourresponseaccordingtothefactorofyourroleasaworkerassistingherinthissituation.
Iamundecided.
Ithinkthisisokay.
Ithinkthisisnotokay.
Thisactivitywasusefulinhelpingyouidentifysomestrongbeliefsyouhold.Itisgoodforyou
tobeabletoreflectontheseandthinkhowtheymightimpactonyourroleasacareworker.For
example,ifyouthinkthatallolderpeopleandpeoplewithdisabilitieshavearighttoexpress
theirsexuality,regardlessofthewaytheychoosedothat,youwillwanttoensuretheirprivacy
anddignityisrespected.Remember,clientshavearighttoreceiveaprofessionalservice
regardlessoftheattitudes,beliefsandvaluestheyhold.
Afteransweringthequestions,youmightfinditusefultorevisityouranswersandidentify
whereyourattitudeshavecomefrom.Thiswillhelpinpreventingyourpersonalattitudesfrom
impactingonthewayyouworkwithclients.

Whatisabelief?
Beliefscomefromrealexperiencesbutoftenweforgetthattheoriginalexperienceisnotthe
sameaswhatishappeninginlifenow.Ourvaluesandbeliefsaffectthequalityofourworkand
allourrelationshipsbecausewhatyoubelieveiswhatyouexperience.Wetendtothinkthatour
beliefsarebasedonreality,butitisourbeliefsthatgovernourexperiences.
Thebeliefsthatweholdareanimportantpartofouridentity.Theymaybereligious,culturalor
moral.Beliefsarepreciousbecausetheyreflectwhoweareandhowweliveourlives.

Preexistingbeliefs
Asacareworkerinthecommunityservicesindustry,thepreexistingbeliefsyoumayhave
couldberelatedtostereotypesthathavedevelopedforyouaroundissueslikesexuality,alcohol
andotherdrugs,ageinganddisabilities,independence,health,therightsofpeople,yourideaof
healthandwhatitsliketobeolderand/ordisabled.
Thesestereotypescouldaffectthewayyouinteractandworkwithclients.Thisisbecauseyou
haveassumptionsaboutwhatyourclientscanandcantdoforthemselves,thewaytheyshould
thinkaboutissuesandwhatisbestforthem.Ifyoumakeassumptionsasaworkerthenyouare
denyingclientstheirrights,respectanddignity.Asaworkerthiswouldberegardedasabreach
inyourdutyofcaretowardsclients.
Theneedforolderpeopleandpeoplewithdisabilitiestoexpresstheirsexualitydoesnot
necessarilydiminishovertime.Thedesireforintimacycaninfactintensify.Thedevelopmentof
newrelationshipsmayoccurasaresultoflivinginaresidentialcaresettingoraspeoplessocial
networkschangeovertime.Therighttoexpresssexualityisaqualityoflifeissueandispartof
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onesselfidentity.Thewaypeoplechoosetoexpresstheirsexualitymaychangeovertimeina
varietyofways.Intimaterelationshipsenhanceapersonsqualityoflifeandcontributetotheir
feelingsofwellbeing.Asacareworkeritisimportanttorespectapersonsrighttoexpresstheir
sexualityinawaywhichisappropriateforthem.

Whatisanattitude?
Thewordattitudecanrefertoalastinggroupoffeelings,beliefsandbehaviourtendencies
directedtowardsspecificpeople,groups,ideasorobjects.
Anattitudeisabeliefaboutsomething.Itusuallydescribeswhatwethinkistheproperwayof
doingsomething.Theattitudesthatwefeelverystronglyaboutareusuallycalledvalues.Other
attitudesarenotsoimportantandaremorelikeopinions.Sometimesourownattitudescanmake
usblindtootherpeoplesvalues,opinionsandneeds.Attitudeswillalwayshaveapositiveand
negativeelementandwhenyouholdanattitudeyouwillhaveatendencytobehaveinacertain
waytowardthatpersonorobject.
Youwillneedtobeawareofyourownpersonalvalues,beliefsandattitudesandhowtheymight
impactonyourwork.
Itisimportanttoconsiderthemappingofyourownlifewhathavebeensomesignificant
eventsthathaveshapedyou,whatqualitiesyouadmireinyourselfandothers,whatbeliefsare
importanttoyou,whatyouvalueandsoon.Someexamplesofthesemaybepersonalfeatures
suchasstrengthofcharacter,helpingpeople,respect,honesty,wealth,success,healthetc.
Whatwebelieveareimportantqualities,orwhatqualitiesweadmireinourselvesandothers,
generallyreflectourlifeexperiencesandthevalueswhichweestablishedinourearlyyears
throughtheinfluenceoffamily,teachers,friends,religion,ourculture,oureducation.
Giventhatallofushavedifferenceswhichhavebeenshapedbyourlifeexperiences,wecan
understandthatwewillallhavedifferentsetsofvaluesandbeliefs.Wedonotallthinkabout
issuesinthesameway!
Toworkeffectivelyitiscriticaltounderstandyourownvaluesandbeliefsandtounderstandthe
importanceofnotallowingthemtoaffectthewayinwhichyouworkwithclients.Remember
theyareyourvaluesandmaybequitedifferenttothevaluesheldbyyourclients.
Inordertoremainprofessionalitisnecessarytoleaveyourpersonalvaluesoutofthe
client/workerrelationship.Thismeansthatitisimportantthatyouallowclientstomake
decisionsbasedontheirownvaluesandbeliefsratherthandecisionsthatreflectwhatyouthink
theyshoulddo.
Whenwearecarryingoutourdailydutiesatworkwerarelythinkaboutourattitudes,weare
immersedinworkitselfandoftenremainunawareofjusthowdifferentourattitudescouldbeto
othersaroundus.
Aspreviouslydefinedanattitudeissimplyabelief,anddescribeswhatwethinkistheproper
wayofdoingorthinkingaboutsomething.Attitudesvaryinintensity.
Whenwefeelstronglyaboutsomethingattitudesarecalledvalues.Attitudesthatareless
importanttousarecalledopinions.Forexamplewemayfeelstronglythatolderpeopleshould
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giveuptheirjobswhentheyreachacertainage,sothatyoungerpeoplecangetwork.Strong
attitudesareoftenveryemotionalandcancloudourjudgementinmeetingotherpeoplesneeds.
Thismeansthatsomepeopleorclientsmaybedeniedtheirrightstobeallowedtomaketheir
ownchoicesanddecisionsabouttheirlife.

Theinfluenceofattitudes
Ourattitudesdevelopovertimeandnotonlyreflectwherewehavecomefromi.e.theinfluence
family,friendsandexperienceshavehadonourattitudes,butalsohowwewillproceedwithour
lifeinthefuture.Attitudesarethereforeapowerfulelementinourlife,arelongenduringand
hardtochangebutnotimpossible!

Theproblemwithattitudes
Oneoftheproblemswithourattitudesisweoftenignoreanyinformationwhichisnotconsistent
withthemwebecomeselectiveinthewayweperceiveandrespondtoeventsandissuesand
loseourobjectivityabouttheworld.Bydevelopinginsightsaboutourattitudeswereducethe
riskofmakingdecisionsatworkbasedonourunconscious,preexistingperceptions,allowingus
workmoreprofessionallywithclients.

Awarenessofpersonalattitudes
Itisgoodpracticetothinkaboutyourattitudesandbeliefs:ithelpsyoutounderstandyourself
better.Itisbeneficialtoreflectonyourlife,identifysomeofthesignificanteventsthathave
shapedyou,considerwhatqualitiesyouadmireinyourselfandothersandbemindfulofwhat
valuesandareimportanttoyou.

Activity
Youridentityhasshapedthepersonyouaretoday!
Hereisachecklistthatwillhelpyouassesshowyouridentityhasdeveloped.(.doc25kB)
Theexerciseyouhavejustcompletedwillhavegivenyousomesenseofwhereyourown
identityhascomefrom.Thinkaboutthisasyouanswerthefollowingquestions.

Activity
1. Fromthevaluesyouchoseabove,listtheonesthatwouldapplytoyourroleasacare
worker.
2. Whyisitimportantforcommunityservicesworkerstohaveasenseoftheirownidentity
andwhereithascomefrom?
3. Whatissuescanyouidentifyforyourselfinhavingtoworkwithpeopleandclientswho
havegrownupdifferentlyformyou,haveadifferentidentityandthereforedifferent
beliefs?

Takingintoaccountpersonalvaluesandbeliefs
Oneoftheresponsibilitiesofworkersisthatwedonotimposeourownvaluesandbeliefsonthe
peopleweworkwith.Thatis,thatwedontprovideoptionsandservicesbasedonwhatwefeel
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isright,butthatweworkwithpeopleinrelationtowhatisrightforthem.Weshouldalways
rememberthatitistheirlifeandonlytheyshouldmakedecisionsabouthowtheyshouldlive
theirlife.
Ifyoutrytoimposeyourownmoralvaluesonclients,youarelikelytomakethemfeeljudged
andtodamagetheirselfworth.Moreover,theyarelikelytorejectyouandtorejectyourvalues
too.Ifyouareabletoacceptyourclients,withwhatevervaluestheyhave,youmaywellfind
thatastimepassestheymoveclosertoyouintheirbeliefs.Thisisinevitablebecauseweare,
whetherwelikeitornot,modelsforourclientsandwehavearesponsibilitytobegoodmodels.
Regardlessofwhotheclientis,andregardlessofhisorherbehaviour,heorshedeservestobe
treatedasahumanbeingofworth.Ifyourespectyourclients,theywill,throughfeelingvalued,
begiventheoptimumconditionsinwhichtomaximisetheirpotentialasindividuals.
Itisessentialthatyouareawareofyourownvaluesandbeliefssothatyoudonotimposethem
(deliberatelyorunintentionally)onthepeopleyouareworkingwith.

Professionalvalues
Inordertoleaveyourpersonalvaluesoutoftheclient/workerrelationship,youneedtoawareof
theimpacttheymayhavewhenyoucomeacrossclientsthatdonotbehaveinwaysthatyou
agreewiththatis,clientswhohavedifferentvaluesandbeliefstoyou.Youmayfindthatwith
suchclientsyoubecomejudgementalornoticethatyouareencouragingclientstomakea
decisionthatreflectswhatyouthinktheyshoulddo(basedonyourvaluesandbeliefs)rather
thanworkingwiththeclienttocomeupwiththeirownideasabouthowtoresolvetheissue.
Thatiswhyitissoimportanttohaveethicalstandards,sothatweareoperatingbyaprofessional
setofguidelines,notwhatwepersonallythinkisrightorwrong.

Activity:Professionalvalues
Whatwouldyouconsidertobethevaluesandattitudesthatarecritical
forsomeonewhoworksinthecommunityservicesindustry?

Feedback

Respectingthebeliefs,attitudesandvaluesof
others
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Everyoneisentitledtotheirownvalues,attitudesandbeliefs.Itisimportanttoacceptand
respectthatotherpeoplemaywellhavedifferentattitudes,valuesandbeliefsthanyou.Wedo
nothavetherighttoexpectthatotherschangetheirvalues,attitudesandbeliefsjustbecausethey
aredifferenttoours.
Itisquitepossiblethatyoumayfacesituationsatworkthateitherchallengeorcompromiseyour
ownvalues,attitudesorbeliefswhenworkingtosupportpeoplewithadisability.
Itisnotalwayseasytoavoidcommunicatingyourbeliefsandvaluestoclients,butitis
somethingyouneedtobeveryawareof.Itcanbeveryeasytoinfluenceclientsinsubtleways.
Simplethingslikebodylanguage,gestures,thewayyousaysomething,orevenactions,cangive
aclienttheimpressionyouagreeordisagreewiththeirvaluesorbeliefs.
Adisabilitysupportworker,Sally,wasassistingHarry,aclient,to
decidewhatmoviehewasgoingtoseeontheweekend.Harry
lovedhorrorfilms.Sallyhatedthem.DuringtheconversationSally
shookherheadeverytimeHarrypointedtoahorrorfilminthe
paper.IntheendHarrydecidedtogoandseeacomedy.Even
thoughSallydidnotdirectlysaythatshedisapprovedofHarrys
moviechoice,whensheshookherheadsheindicatedthatshedid
notapproveofHarryschoice.
Thesupportyougivetoclientsshouldbe,asmuchaspossible,inlinewiththeirvalues,attitudes
andbeliefs,whilealsoinlinewithyourcommunityservicesorganisationandthelaw.

Impactofvaluesandphilosophiesonservice
provision
Thewaythattheabovevaluesandphilosophiesareacteduponinservicesaffectsthequalityof
theserviceprovidedtoclients.Themorethesevaluesarepromotedandreflectedinthewaythe
serviceoperates,themorepositivetheexperiencefortheclient.

Activity:Identifyingtheimpactofvaluesandphilosophiesonservice
provision
Phongisa29yearoldVietnamesemanwhowasinjuredina
seriouscaraccidenteightmonthsagoandsustainedabrain
injury.Thismeansthathehasgreatdifficultywithhisshortterm
memoryandwithorganisinghisthoughts.Healsoneedstousea
wheelchairbecauseofaneckinjury.Phongisnowlivingbackat
homewithhisfamily.Mostofhisfriendsdontcomearound
anymoreandPhonghardlygetsout.Heisunabletoreturntowork
asamechanic.Phonghasbeenreferredtoacommunityaccess
program,designedtohelphimdealwithhisbraininjuryand
integratebackintothecommunity.
Ifthecommunityaccessprogramembracesthevaluesandphilosophies
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underlyingtheCSI,whateffectwouldthishaveontheserviceprovided
toPhong?

Feedback

Backtotop
StateofNewSouthWales,DepartmentofEducationandTraining,2009

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