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MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. When a researcher observes behavior in a real-world setting, it is called a ______.
a. comparative study
b. naturalistic observation
c. case study
d. correlational study
ANS: B
Page: 37
Topic: 2.2 Descriptive Research
Objective: Discuss the components of a naturalistic observation study.
Difficulty: Low
Category: Factual
Format: Multiple Choice
Bloom's: Knowledge
APA: Research Methods
2. Brian is in a lab where he is asked to draw an apple and to say his thoughts aloud as he draws.
Page: 11
Reason: Introspection is an examination of one's own mental and emotional processes.
Topic: 1.2 The Origins and History of Psychology
Objective: Contrast structuralism and functionalism.
Difficulty: Moderate
Category: Applied
Format: Multiple Choice
Blooms: Analysis
APA: Knowledge Base
ANS: D
4. Researchers do survey research to understand specific groups of people. The larger group
about whom researchers would like to draw conclusions is the ______, whereas the subgroup
that actually takes the survey is the ______.
a. bias, sample
b. blind, double blind
c. population, sample
d. sample, population
e. sample, bias
ANS: C
5. Meghan runs a study to determine whether college GPA is associated with later income. This
A double-blind study keeps both the experimenter and subject from knowing the experimental
groups.
7. Russell wanted to be sure his experiment findings were true, so he conducted the experiment a
second time and compared the results. This addresses his concern for ______.
a. validity
b. reactivity
c. replicability
d. reliability
ANS: C
Page: 35
Reason: Replicable findings are ones that are found to be the same when the study is repeated.
Topic: 2.1 Psychological Investigation
Objective: Discuss the importance of the scientific method.
Difficulty: Moderate
Category: Applied
Format: Multiple Choice
Bloom's: Analysis
APA: Research Methods
8. The strength of a correlation is indicated by its ______.
a. sign (+ or )
b. numerical size
c. direction
d. sample
ANS: B
Page: 43
Reason: The size of the correlation coefficient tells how strongly two variables are related; one
of .9 and one of -.9 are equally strong.
Topic: 2.2 Descriptive Research
Objective: Compare and contrast case studies, surveys, and correlational studies in terms of
descriptive research.
Difficulty: High
Category: Factual
Format: Multiple Choice
Bloom's: Comprehension
APA: Research Methods
9. Gina believes that listening to classical music can improve the intelligence of her three year old. She
believes this despite a lot of evidence that shows it is unlikely to improve intelligence. The article she
read on the Internet appears scientific but is based on unsound scientific principles. Gina has fallen
prey to _____.
a. functionalism
b. pseudoscience
c. heritability
d. empiricism
ANS: B
Pseudoscience is information that appears scientific but is based on unsound scientific principles
10. Psychology is the science of
a. behavior and mental processes
b. diagnosis and treatment of mental disorders
c. personality
d. humans
ANS: A
is his speciality is waiting in line for other people. He can wait in line for hours with nothing
to do. It doesnt bother him a bit. Using this information it is likely that:
a. James would score high on the sensation-seeking component of boredom
susceptibility
b. James would score high on the sensation-seeking component of thrill and
adventure seeking.
c. James would score low on the sensation-seeking component of thrill and
adventure seeking.
d. James would score low on the sensation-seeking component of boredom
susceptibility
ANS: D
Know that James can wait in line for hours tells us that he might score low on boredom
susceptibly. But it doesnt tell us anything about his score on the sensation-seeking
component of thrill and adventure seeking.
13. The only method that can prove the independent variable alone is the cause of observed
Only experiments can prove one variable causes differences in a dependent measure.
14. Roman wondered whether his intelligence test really reflects the nature of intelligence. His
Reason: Validity is whether the study captures the underlying meaning of a concept.
Topic: 2.1 Psychological Investigation
Objective: Discuss the importance of the scientific method.
Difficulty: Moderate
Category: Applied
Format: Multiple Choice
Bloom's: Analysis
APA: Research Methods
15. Alan's therapist believes that Alan's phobia of driving occurred because of the auto accident he
witnessed and because he has a biological vulnerability to phobias. The therapist's explanation
reflects a ______ approach.
a. structural
b. functional
c. eclectic
d. psychoanalytic
ANS: C
Page: 13
Reason: The eclectic model is an approach that pulls together multiple ways of examining a
particular problem or question.
Topic: 1.3 Contemporary Psychology
Objective: Compare and contrast contemporary perspectives in psychology.
Difficulty: Moderate
Category: Applied
Format: Multiple Choice
Blooms: Comprehension
APA: Knowledge Base
Page: 319
Reason: We also think of intelligence as a capacity that stays with an individual throughout
life.
Topic: 9.1 The Nature of Intelligence
Objective: Define intelligence from an adaptation perspective.
Difficulty: Moderate
Category: Factual
Format: Multiple Choice
Bloom's: Knowledge
17. Television and radio personalities often give information that sounds as if it is based on
Page: 6
Reason: Any study of a topic that utilizes the scientific method is a science.
Topic 1.1 The Science of Psychology
Objective: Define the science of psychology.
Difficulty: Moderate
Category: Applied
19. The study of psychology is influenced by the study of biology. For example, naturalist
Category: Applied research is a type of research concerned with solving everyday problems.
Topic: 1.3 Contemporary Psychology
Objective: Describe focused specializations of research and practice.
Difficulty: Moderate
Category: Applied
Format: Multiple Choice
Blooms: Comprehension
APA: Research Methods
students.
b. Dr. Quinton who is examining how the eyes adjust to reversed objects.
c. Dr. Dawson who is collecting data on the effect of temperature on reaction time
d. Dr. York who is researching the seasonal changes in testosterone levels in men.
ANS: A
Page: 17
Reason: A type of research concerned with solving everyday problems.
Topic: 1.3 Contemporary Psychology
Objective: Describe focused specializations of research and practice.
Difficulty: Moderate
Category: Applied
Format: Multiple Choice
Blooms: Evaluation
APA: Research Methods
22. Erma found one type of intelligence test showed declines with age; namely, her ______.
a. fluid intelligence
b. crystallized intelligence
c. primary mental abilities
d. general intelligence
ANS: A
Page: 320
Reason: Cattell's fluid intelligence shows declines after age 30.
Topic: 9.1 The Nature of Intelligence
Objective: Compare and contrast theories of intelligence.
Difficulty: Moderate
Category: Applied
Format: Multiple Choice
Bloom's: Analysis
APA: Application
23. The initial studies that discovered sensation-seeking were studying
a. free divers
b. sensory deprivation
c. following behavior of drivers
d. mountain climbers
ANS: C
24. Leo takes time to meditate each day. Which of the following benefits might he have from this
practice?
a. Better focus
b. Increased boredom susceptibility
c. Increased tolerance to medicines
d. Increased attentional blink
ANS: A
Page: 168
Reason: Researchers have discovered that meditation can help us to focus our attention
Topic: 5.5 Meditation
Objective: Discuss the effects and benefits of meditation.
Difficulty: Moderate
Category: Applied
Format: Multiple Choice
Bloom's: Comprehension
APA: Knowledge Base
25. In one study, a girl who had been severely neglected was tested for her language ability. The
When an individual is the only subject, the method is called a case study.
26. Which of these is the best example of intelligence?
a. Deciding what to eat for lunch.
b. Recalling a childhood birthday celebration.
c. Reading a history of a town.
d.
ANS: D
Page: 318
Reason: Intelligence is the capacity to learn from experience, acquire knowledge, adapt to the
environment, and solve problems marked by the use of deliberate reasoning.
Topic: 9.1 The Nature of Intelligence
Objective: Define intelligence from an adaptation perspective.
Difficulty: Moderate
Category: Applied
Format: Multiple Choice
Bloom's: Analysis
APA: Application
Surveys are self-report, and people may not want to say or may not recall the desired
information.
28. Ryan compares subjects who have been socially excluded to those who were not. The group
10
Page: 320
Reason: Cattell's crystallized intelligence is the ability to draw upon previously learned
knowledge and skills.
Topic: 9.1 The Nature of Intelligence
Objective: Compare and contrast theories of intelligence.
Difficulty: Moderate
Category: Applied
Format: Multiple Choice
Bloom's: Analysis
APA: Application
32. A 21-year-old who scores the same as the average ten-year-old would have a mental age of
______.
a. 21
b. 2.1
c. 10
d. 100
ANS: C
Page: 329
Reason: Mental age is the average level of intellectual development for a child of a particular
age.
Topic: 9.2 Measuring Intelligence
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33. If the subgroup selected from the population fails to capture an accurate representation of the
Page: 40
Topic: 2.2 Descriptive Research
Objective: Compare and contrast case studies, surveys, and correlational studies in terms of
descriptive research.
Difficulty: Moderate
Category: Factual
Format: Multiple Choice
Bloom's: Knowledge
APA: Research Methods
34. The factor that changes as the experimenter manipulates it to create different experiences for
then compares them to another group of rats. In this study, the independent variable is
______.
a. the drug
b. maze learning
c. correlated
d. animal
ANS: A
The manipulated variable, whether they received the drug, is the independent variable.
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36. The finding that scores on intelligence tests have no relationship to scores on athletic ability
Page: 43
Reason: Zero correlation means that there is no association between two variables.
Topic: 2.2 Descriptive Research
Objective: Compare and contrast case studies, surveys, and correlational studies in terms of
descriptive research.
Difficulty: Moderate
Category: Applied
Format: Multiple Choice
Bloom's: Analysis
APA: Research Methods
37. Todd is a mountain climber. He scores high in sensation seeking. Sarah, on the other hand is
not a sensation seeker. While standing on the edge of a cliff whos cortisol level might be
higher?
a. Theres no relationship between sensation seeking and cortisol
b. Todd
c. Sarah
d. They might be about the same
ANS: B
38. Thea assumed that the reason that many dogs spin before they sit down is to be sure they
aren't sitting on anything harmful. She suggests this increases their chance of survival. Thea's
assumption forms the basis of what classic school in psychology?
a. Psychoanalytic
b. Positive psychology
c. Functionalism
d. Structuralism
e. Humanism
ANS: C
Functionalism is a school of psychology concerned with the purposes of behavior and mental
processes
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39. Blakely has trouble focusing on everyday tasks, which has caused her to become anxious and
stressed. Which of the following practices would best fit Blakely's needs?
a. Dopamine
b. Meditation
c. Attentional blink
d. Progressive relaxation
ANS: B
Page: 167
Reason: Meditation can help people to focus their attention.
Topic: 5.5 Meditation
Objective: Discuss the effects and benefits of meditation.
Difficulty: Moderate
Category: Applied
Format: Multiple Choice
Bloom's: Analysis
APA: Knowledge Base
40. If someone scores high on one intelligence test, according to Spearman's g theory, they will
______.
a. score high on only very similar ones
b. do poorly on many others
c. prefer specific tests
d. score high on a very different one
ANS: D
Page: 320
Reason: General intelligence (g) is Spearmans theory that all mental abilities reflect a single
underlying capacity.
Topic: 9.1 The Nature of Intelligence
Objective: Compare and contrast theories of intelligence.
Difficulty: Moderate
Category: Factual
Format: Multiple Choice
Bloom's: Analysis
APA: Application
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