THE NATION’S NEWSPAPER

Collegiate
Case
Study
www.usatodaycollege.com

Lack of sleep sends

emotions off deep end 1-2
Drowsy drivers: A wake-up
call 2-3
Extended sleep may give
athletes a boost 4
Sleep habits affect weight,
study finds 4
Sleep deprivation might lead
to Alzheimer’s disease 5
The Truth about Sleep:
Myths, Realities and Needs
How much sleep do you need? The answer is simple: It depends. On you,
that is.
But the picture is becoming clearer every year about what happens when
there is not enough. Sleep researchers are putting together a daunting pic-
ture of what happens to us mentally, physically and emotionally when we
cheat ourselves of this basic need.
This case study explores some of the realities and effects of sleep deprivation
and provides tips for understanding your own sleep needs and how to keep
yourself in top performance mode. Your future depends on it!

Late nights could catch up Cover Story

Lack of sleep sends
with you 6-7

Regular bedtime boosts chance

for success in school 8-9
emotions off deep end
By Sharon Jayson
Additional Resources 10-11
USA TODAY
You might have guessed it, but now
researchers have real proof: Sleep
deprivation causes our emotions to
go haywire.
That’s according to the first neu-
rological probe into the emotional
brain without sleep. It was carried
out by researchers at the University
of California-Berkeley and Harvard
Medical School.
“Most people think that when
you’re sleep-deprived, what hap- Walker’s team studied 26 people
pens to the brain is that it becomes ages 18 to 30 who were divided into
Reprinted with permission. All rights reserved.
sleepy and less active,” says Mat-
thew Walker, assistant professor
of psychology at Berkeley and a
former Harvard sleep researcher.
But Walker says the imaging study
published in today’s issue of Cur-
rent Biology found that the brain’s
emotional centers become “60%
more reactive.”
The study also suggests that lack of
sleep elevates activity in the emo-
tional centers of the brain most
closely associated with psychiatric
disorders such as depression.
As seen in USA TODAY LIFE Section, Tuesday, October 23, 2007 Page 2D
two groups. The sleep-deprived group was awake 35
hours; the other group slept normally.
Using the brain scans, the researchers showed par-
ticipants a series of images, from neutral to increas-
ingly negative and disturbing. The responses of both
groups showed up as hot spots, but the sleep-deprived
evoked stronger responses because the prefrontal
area of the brain that normally sends out inhibiting
signals wasn’t able to keep emotions in check.
Though the thinking has been that psychiatric disor-
ders cause poor sleep, Walker says now he’s not so
sure because those he studied didn’t have psychiatric
conditions, yet they exhibited emotional brain reac-
As seen in USA TODAY NEWS Section, Thursday, April 2, 2009 Page 3A
Drowsy drivers: A wake-up call
Sleep deprivation carries risks similar to drunken driving’s
By Larry Copeland
USA TODAY
Lionel Edwards used to nod off while driving. For
years, he’d get behind the wheel and after five to 10
minutes find himself dozing.
“I was so exhausted because I wasn’t getting the
proper sleep,” he says. “It was really, really bad, espe-
cially at night.”
Two years ago, Edwards, 39, was driving to his
Pottstown, Pa., home after working a night shift. He
fell asleep, waking to the frantic honking of a wom-
an whose car he was forcing off the road. “She was
already on the shoulder,” Edwards says, adding that
he pulled over just in time for the woman to avoid
crashing into a ditch. “I told my wife, and she was re-
ally upset. She said I had to (get help).”
Drowsy driving is one of the most vexing problems
involving traffic safety. It is a factor in more than
Reprinted with permission. All rights reserved.
tions similar to psychiatric conditions.
Mary Carskadon, a professor of psychiatry and human
behavior at Brown University who has studied ado-
lescents and sleep deprivation, says the new study is
compatible with her findings. She is particularly con-
cerned about what it means for adolescents, who are
often sleep-deprived and who are being diagnosed
with depression in increasing numbers.
“What we don’t know is whether early sleep depriva-
tion then projects out to things like major depressive
disorder or bipolar illness and whether we’re really
setting up our kids for these major problems as they
grow up,” she says.
100,000 crashes, resulting in 1,550 deaths and 40,000
injuries annually, according to the National Highway
Traffic Safety Administration. “That’s probably a con-
servative estimate,” says Jeff Michael, the NHTSA’s
associate administrator for research and program de-
velopment.
Darrel Drobnich, chief program officer of the Nation-
al Sleep Foundation, puts the numbers much higher:
71,000 injuries and more than 5,500 deaths a year.
“It’s a huge problem that’s largely gone unreported
because we don’t have good, hard police data,” he
says.
An obstacle for police is that there is no test for
drowsy driving like the Breathalyzer an officer can
give a motorist suspected of drunken driving.
A new battle
Some sleep experts and state legislators say the na-
tion’s progress against drowsy driving is about where
Page 2
As seen in USA TODAY NEWS Section, Thursday, April 2, 2009 Page 3A
the campaign against drunken driving was 30 years
ago. That was before Mothers Against Drunk Driv-
ing (MADD), before any stigma in getting behind the
wheel after drinking, before every state adopted a
single standard for driving while intoxicated.
“Years ago, we didn’t think anything of getting in a
car after having a few drinks,” says Carol Ash, medi-
cal director of a sleep program at Somerset Medi-
cal Center in Somerville, N.J. “Sleep deprivation has
the same impact. Your judgment becomes impaired,
whether you realize it or not. We’re starting to un-
derstand that drowsy driving is the same as driving
intoxicated.”
According to Ash and other researchers, a person
who drives after 18 consecutive hours without sleep
performs at the same level as a person with a blood-
alcohol concentration of .08% — the legal standard
for drunken driving in all 50 states and the District
of Columbia.
About 250,000 drivers fall asleep at the wheel daily,
says Charles Czeisler, director of the Division of Sleep
Medicine at Harvard Medical School and chief of the
Division of Sleep Medicine at Brigham and Women’s
Hospital in Boston. “There’s an epidemic of drowsy
driving crashes, particularly among young drivers,”
he says.
In a national poll released last month by the National
Sleep Foundation, 54% of adult drivers said they had
driven while drowsy during the past year; 28% said
they had actually fallen asleep while driving.
A widespread malady
About 40 million-50 million Americans suffer from
sleep disorders, but like Edwards was, about 85% of
them are undiagnosed. Yet they account for only a
small percentage of drowsy drivers, who are more
likely to be young people and night-shift workers,
Czeisler and other experts say.
Reprinted with permission. All rights reserved.
Legislators in some states — spurred by the deaths
of constituents by drowsy drivers — are trying to
address the issue. New Jersey is the only state that
criminalizes drowsy driving in a fatal crash by classi-
fying it as recklessness under its vehicular homicide
statute. No state has a law dealing with non-fatal
sleep-related crashes.
“The problem has been that people don’t take it all
that seriously,” says Massachusetts state Sen. Rich-
ard Moore, a Democrat. He has been pursuing stiffer
penalties since 2002, when a constituent was killed
by a driver who had fallen asleep and later admit-
ted he had been up all night playing video games,
he says. “The penalty was a slap on the wrist, sus-
pension of his driver’s license for a couple years and
probation.”
Grateful for sound sleep
Edwards, now a night security counselor at a youth
center, was working the overnight shift at the Wal-
Mart in Boyertown, Pa., in 2007. He had just left
work when he had the near-accident that changed
his life.
After his narrow escape and at the insistence of his
wife, Jamesha, he went to University Services Sleep
Diagnostic and Treatment Centers in Pottstown. He
learned he has obstructive sleep apnea, a disorder in
which a person’s sleep is repeatedly interrupted as
muscles in the throat fail to keep the airway open.
Edwards was fitted with a mask that fits over the
nose and mouth and blows air into the airway to
keep it open during sleep. He sleeps soundly now
and says he’s thankful he didn’t kill anyone: “Yes, oh
my God, yes.”
He was lucky: “The greatest predictor that you’re go-
ing to have a sleep-related crash,” Czeisler says, “is
you just had a near-miss.”
Page 3
As seen in USA TODAY SPORTS Section, Tuesday, July 14, 2009 Page 13B

Extended sleep may give athletes a boost

By Erin Thompson Cheri Mah, a researcher at the Stanford Sleep Disor-
USA TODAY ders Clinic and Research Laboratory and lead author
of the study, acknowledged that the athletes didn’t
Stanford University researchers have an idea that always hit the 10-hour mark. But they noticed a dif-
may be something to sleep on. ference even if sleep was extended by a half-hour,
she says: The athletes’ sprinting drills were faster,
If not enough sleep is bad, they wondered, could ex- their hitting was more accurate and deeper, and their
tended sleep be good? mood improved.

They had a hunch that getting more than the usual
amount would improve athletic performance and
mood -- a theory they say has not been explored by
exercise physiologists.
The researchers asked five members of Stanford’s
women’s tennis team to be their guinea pigs. After
following a normal sleeping pattern for a few weeks,
the students, ages 18 to 21, were asked to sleep lon-
ger; the goal was 10 hours a night.
The study was conducted during their regular tennis
season; athletic performance and mood were mea-
sured after every practice session.
The study was part of a research abstract presented
in Seattle last month at the annual meeting of the As-
sociated Professional Sleep Societies.
Frank Wyatt, president of the American Society of
Exercise Physiologists, says the study is too small to
be definitive. But natural hormones are released into
the brain during sleep that aid in the physical recov-
ery process, he says.
“Serotonin and growth hormone are both released
into the body while you sleep,” he says, “These en-
hance your mood and facilitate tissue repair, respec-
tively. So if you get extra sleep, you’re going to have a
better mood and have enhanced recovery.”

Sleep habits affect weight, study finds

By Michelle Healey People who sleep fewer than six hours a night — or more than
USA TODAY nine — are more likely to be obese, according to a government
Thursday, September 24, 2009 study out Wednesday that is one of the largest to show a link
between irregular sleep and obesity. The study also linked light
sleepers to higher smoking rates, less physical activity and more alcohol use. The research adds
weight to a stream of studies that have found obesity and other health problems in those who
don’t get proper sleep, says Ron Kramer, a Colorado physician and a spokesman for the American
Academy of Sleep Medicine. “The data is all coming together that short sleepers and long sleep-
ers don’t do so well,” Kramer said. The study is based on door-to-door surveys of 87,000 U.S.
adults by the National Center for Health Statistics, part of the Centers for Disease Control
and Prevention.

Reprinted with permission. All rights reserved. Page 4

As seen in the Gannett News Service on Thursday, September 24, 2009
Sleep deprivation might lead to Alzheimer’s disease
By RANDY DOTINGA
Gannett News Service
If you’re middle-aged, you might want to try a little
harder to get a good night’s sleep, now that new re-
search suggests the right amount of slumber might
keep Alzheimer’s disease at bay.
The research was conducted in mice and is prelimi-
nary, and it may not apply to humans. Still, the pos-
sible link between sleep deprivation and Alzheimer’s
raises the prospect of possible treatments that target
related pathways in the brain, explained study au-
thor Dr. David M. Holtzman, chairman of neurology
at Washington University School of Medicine in St.
Louis.
“This might be a way to delay or prevent the disease
by doing something in middle life” rather than wait-
ing until something goes wrong, Holtzman said.
The Alzheimer’s Association estimates that as many
as 5.3 million people in the United States have the
disease, which is the country’s seventh-leading cause
of death. Alzheimer’s disease is incurable, and al-
though some treatments are available, they only re-
lieve symptoms. In some cases, those symptoms in-
clude sleep problems.
Holtzman and his colleagues were not initially look-
ing at sleep, but instead wanted to better understand
how a protein clogs the brains of people with Al-
zheimer’s. It’s not clear how these clogs, known as
plaques, and structures called “tangles” cause symp-
toms. But experts think it may have something to do
with their disruption of how neurons communicate
with each other.
The researchers developed a way to monitor the
levels of the protein by the hour in both humans —
Reprinted with permission. All rights reserved.
through a continual measurement of their spinal fluid
via a catheter — and mice. Their findings are reported
online Sept. 24 in Science.
The researchers discovered that the level of the pro-
tein went up during waking hours and fell during
sleep. Holtzman said that its levels may be related to
brain activity, which is higher during waking hours.
In mice, the researchers found that sleep deprivation
boosted the levels of the protein, which builds up in
plaques.
If a person is awake for a long time, levels of the pro-
tein might build up, Holtzman said. This could play a
role in middle age because Alzheimer’s disease be-
gins to clog the brain several years before symptoms
become apparent.
Dr. Nikolaos Scarmeas, an associate professor of neu-
rology at Columbia University Medical Center in New
York City, said the findings are “very impressive, ex-
tremely valid and useful.”
Researchers have linked sleep problems and Al-
zheimer’s disease before, he said, but from the per-
spective of the sleep problems being a symptom of
the illness and a result of aging. The idea that sleep
deprivation might cause Alzheimer’s deserves more
attention, Scarmeas said.
Holtzman said that future research should investigate
how processes in the brain can be manipulated with
drugs so that people get more sleep and less brain
clogging.
For now, though, his advice is short and simple: “Get
enough sleep in middle age.”
Page 5
As seen in USA TODAY LIFE Section, Monday, November 26, 2007 Page 9D
Late nights could catch up with you
Researchers suspect that once sleep is lost, it may be gone forever
By Kathleen Fackelmann
USA TODAY
You’ve got a long list of e-mails to return, bills to pay
and, oh, yeah, you don’t want to miss the latest epi-
sode of The Office.
By the time you crawl into bed, it’s nearly midnight.
The alarm goes off at 6 the next morning, and bin-
go! You’ve just joined the legions of Americans who
are bleary-eyed and flat-out tired most days of the
week.
For years, sleep researchers have been preaching the
dangers of lost sleep: People who are fatigued can’t
pay attention to routine tasks, have trouble learning
and are prone to a laundry list of health problems,
from depression to high blood pressure.
New research suggests an added risk to losing sleep
day after day: Humans and animals that have chronic
sleep deprivation might reach a point at which the
very ability to catch up on lost sleep is damaged, says
professor Fred Turek, a sleep researcher at North-
western University in Evanston, Ill.
His research on sleep patterns in rats appeared this
summer in the Proceedings of the National Academy
of Sciences. That, together with findings from a hu-
man study, suggests people who lose sleep night after
night might not recover the alertness they need to
perform well during the day.
So far the studies don’t tell researchers whether the
damage is permanent. But they do suggest that peo-
ple who go to work fatigued day after day might per-
form consistently at a subpar level.
“They may say, ‘Hey, I’m doing fine. I don’t need more
sleep,’ even as their performance on memory and at-
tention tests goes down,” Turek says.
Reprinted with permission. All rights reserved.
People who lose sleep because of a single all-nighter
typically make up for it by boosting the amount of
deep sleep they get the next night, says study co-au-
thor Aaron Laposky, also from Northwestern. Deep
sleep is thought to restore alertness and helps keep
memory and other brain functions in top form.
People also make up for the occasional bout of insom-
nia by sleeping in on weekends, Laposky says.
But is that capacity lost when sleep deprivation be-
comes a fact of life?
At Northwestern, researchers kept lab rats awake for
20 hours and then let them sleep for four hours. After
the first night, the rats recovered; when they were
allowed to sleep, the rats fell into a deep sleep more
frequently than they did when well-rested.
But after three nights of sleep deprivation, the rats
failed to show an increase in deep sleep. And at the
end of the five-day study, the animals were given
a chance to sleep in, but the rats recovered almost
none of the lost sleep.
“The ability to compensate for lost sleep is itself lost,
which is damaging mentally and physically,” Turek
says.
Sleep expert David Dinges says people seem to re-
spond to a chronic lack of sleep the same way.
Dinges, a researcher at the University of Pennsylvania
School of Medicine in Philadelphia, and his colleagues
studied 48 healthy people. Some got eight hours of
sleep a night while others stayed up, losing from two
to four hours of sleep a night.
By the end of two weeks, the people who had lost
sleep at night said they no longer felt tired during the
day. But test scores revealed a different story, accord-
Page 6
As seen in USA TODAY LIFE Section, Monday, November 26, 2007 Page 9D

ing to the 2003 study published in the journal Sleep.
The sleep-deprived group had trouble paying atten-
tion, had slower reaction times and developed im-
pairments in memory, Dinges says.
The ability to fend off sleep might have evolved to
help animals and humans survive a natural disaster.
People forced to evacuate during a fire or hurricane
often lose sleep for a short period, but they’re more
likely to make it through a crisis alive, Turek says.
The trouble is humans have built a society that runs
round the clock, Turek says. Cellphones, laptops and
other electronic devices make it easy to stay con-
nected at all hours. All-night TV and an extended
workday also can rob sleep, says James Walsh, execu-
tive director of sleep medicine at St. Luke’s Hospital
in St. Louis.
Surveys now show that most people in the USA get
less than seven hours of sleep a night, about an hour
less than the average sleep time 40 years ago.
No one really knows the full effect of the steady ero-
sion of sleep time. Only a study that keeps track of
lots of sleepy humans for a long time would answer
that question, Turek says.
But even if the damage can be reversed, there’s plen-
ty of scientific evidence suggesting that sleep loss is
bad for your health.
For example, fatigue might play a role in obesity. And
there’s no question that sleep loss plays a role in fatal-
ities on the highway. The National Sleep Foundation
says drowsy driving is the likely cause of more than
100,000 car crashes each year in the USA.
For that reason alone, Dinges and other experts rec-
ommend getting seven to eight hours of sleep on
most nights. Losing just an hour night after night can
lead to foggy thinking and slow reaction times.
“The deficits can become severe,” Dinges says.
People who put off bedtime to get more done might
find it’s wiser to make their sleep a priority. “You need
to make sure sleep time is protected,” he says.

Don’t lose that snooze

The American Academy of Sleep Medicine, the National Sleep Foundation and other sleep experts offer
these tips on getting a good night’s sleep:

• Do not stay up late to talk on the phone or surf the Internet.

• Keep computers and TVs out of the bedroom.
• Stick with a regular bedtime.
• Avoid food or drinks with caffeine, especially at night. Such stimulants can keep you awake.
• Don’t stay up all night to cram for a big work project or to finish homework if you’re in school.
• Avoid vigorous exercise within a few hours of bedtime.

Reprinted with permission. All rights reserved. Page 7

As seen in the Gannett News Service on Thursday, August 14, 2008
Late nights could catch up with you
By Darla Carter
Gannett News Service
Pencils. Check.
Paper. Check.
Folders. Check.
A sleep schedule?
If that last item is missing from your child’s back-to-
school list, then it’s time to write it in, some experts
say.
Children — and teens — not only need plenty of sleep,
but a consistent sleep schedule that includes a regu-
lar bedtime, says Sarah Honaker of the University of
Louisville’s Pediatric Sleep Medicine Center.
“I think it really improves the quality of life for the
child and (may improve) the child’s mood ... and cer-
tainly that has important implications for ... the well-
being of the family in general,” says Honaker, a psy-
chologist.
Past surveys by the National Sleep Foundation, a non-
profit organization that educates the public on sleep
and sleep disorders, have found that children often
don’t get enough sleep.
Parents should be concerned about that because if
children are sleep-deprived, “they’re not going to
give their best effort,” says Ron Kron, clinical man-
ager of the Sleep Disorders Center at Floyd Memorial
Hospital in New Albany, Ind.
Sleep “allows the body to restore and refresh itself,”
says Kron, a registered respiratory therapist. “If you
don’t get enough sleep ... you’re going to be tired and
drowsy through the day.”
Reprinted with permission. All rights reserved.
Also, Honaker notes, “We know that sleep depriva-
tion can impair learning; it impairs mood, physical
health.”
The National Sleep Foundation recommends 9 to 11
hours of sleep a night for children 5 through 12 who
attend school, and 8.5 to 9.5 hours a night for adoles-
cents.
Estimates among experts vary. “Elementary-age chil-
dren and young intermediate-age children probably
need 10 hours of (nightly) sleep, and then the adoles-
cents need at least nine, but that’s sort of a beginning
point,” says Dr. Vincent McCarthy, a physician and
associate professor with the University of Louisville’s
sleep center.
Ease back into schedule
To ensure that youths get enough sleep, parents
shouldn’t wait until the last minute to get them back
on a school-year sleep schedule, Honaker says.
“It’s important to return to the schedule gradually
because if you ask a child who’s been going to sleep
at 10 or 11 all summer all of a sudden to fall asleep at
8, then chances are they’re not going to be able to fall
asleep at that earlier time,” Honaker says.
She suggests having the children go to bed earlier and
earlier each night until they reach the target bedtime
that you want them to stick with during the school
year.
Having a regular bedtime is important, even for teens,
who have unique challenges, she says.
Teenagers tend to “feel tired later and want to sleep
later, and that’s a biological tendency.”
However, because of typical school times, “they have
to wake up early, they get sleep-deprived during the
Page 8
As seen in the Gannett News Service on Thursday, August 14, 2008

week and then they do sort-of catch-up sleep on the
weekends or (take) after-school naps,” she says.
Honaker prefers that children not be allowed to sleep-
in more than 30 to 60 minutes on weekends.
To help kids sleep, encourage them to relax before
bed and to minimize light, even the glow from elec-
tronics. Such light “can be pretty powerful, and it
sends a cue to the system that it’s time to be awake,”
Honaker says.

“Sleeping in longer than an hour can really cause
problems with their sleep schedule,” keeping them
from being sleepy at bedtime, Honaker says.
The same goes for naps, which Honaker discourages
except under special circumstances, such as sick-
ness.
Kron doesn’t oppose naps as long as they don’t keep
the child from sticking to his or her bedtime.
In fact, the bedroom should be electronics-free, if
possible, she says. This will help remove the tempta-
tion to use them close to bedtime, allow parents to
monitor use more closely and create an association
between the bedroom and sleep.
“The bedroom should be used basically to sleep,”
Kron agrees. “No television, no computers, no games.
When it’s time to go to bed, it’s time to go to bed.”

Reprinted with permission. All rights reserved. Page 9

 Discussion Questions
uRefer back to the articles on lack of sleep, drowsy drivers and the possible boost to athletes from extra
sleep. Create a list of the mental, physical and emotional consequences of poor sleep. Add consequences
from your own personal experiences.

uShortened sleep time has been linked to health impairments as indicated in the articles on weight change
and Alzheimer’s links. In group or individual study, determine what you think are the top 5 causes of short-
ened/restricted sleep for you. What are the underlying reasons for each cause (e.g. culture, personal choice,
need-based)? How can one realistically prevent shortened sleep?

uSome research suggests that sleep-deprived drivers can be as dangerous as drunk drivers. Should there be
a law similar to a DUI for sleepy drivers? Create a mock debate for this ‘proposed’ law. Be sure to consider
how you will determine ‘sleepiness’, the guidelines for punishment (e.g. if adults need less sleep than teen-
agers are adults allowed to be sleepier than teenagers without fine?), and the implications for future laws.
Use other evidence to support or reject the ‘proposed law’.

uPeople with short sleep (6 hours or less) or too much sleep (9 or more hours) are more likely to be obese
than those sleeping about 8 hours a night. Given this evidence, a hypothetical ‘sleep diet’ appears which
claims that the average sleep deprived and overweight American can now “sleep themselves thin!” Write a
2-minute paper describing why you would or would not believe this ‘diet’ could work. (Hint: Which do you
believe happens first: Sleep changes or obesity?)

uGood sleep habits and hygiene may be just as important as diet and exercise for a healthy body and mind.
Individually or in groups, increase sleep hygiene awareness by creating a small skit, poster, brochure, or
commercial promoting healthy sleep habits.

Future Implications

uYour sleep/wake cycle is tightly linked to your body’s circadian rhythm. Your circadian rhythm includes
daily fluctuations in many things from gene expression to behavior (e.g. stress hormone levels, body tem-
perature). Often it is difficult for scientists to determine what is due to altering circadian rhythms and what
is due to altering sleep. How can we use our understanding of circadian rhythms to prevent sleep depriva-
tion?

uDr. Van Cauter found that healthy young adults undergoing sleep restriction for 1 week developed symp-
toms of metabolic syndrome. How is sleep linked to metabolism? How is sleep linked to other health prob-
lems (e.g. depression)?

uNew research suggests that people may not be able to “catch up” on lost sleep when chronically sleep re-
stricted. How do we determine an individual’s limit to sleep restriction and what are the consequences of
“permanently” losing sleep?

uHow can we maximize the quality and benefit of the sleep we are getting when we are able to get it?

uWhat other variables affect sleep? Do men and women respond differently to sleep challenges? How might
drugs (e.g. prescriptions, caffeine), light exposure, exercise, feeding patterns, and stress positively or nega-
tively affect sleep?

Reprinted with permission. All rights reserved. Page 10

 Resources
uhttp://www.cdc.gov/sleep/hygiene.htm
udiabetes.org
uamericanheart.org
uarthritis.org
usleepfoundation.org
umentalhealth.org
uacg.gi.org
uheadaches.org

Expert bio: Deanna Arble

Deanna Arble is a graduate student in neuroscience at Northwestern University. Work-

ing with Professor Fred W. Turek, director of the Center for Sleep and Circadian Biology,
Deanna has co-authored various studies on sleep, circadian rhythms and metabolism.
She graduated from the University of Virginia in 2005 with a dual focus of neurosci-
ence and psychology.

Reprinted with permission. All rights reserved. Page 11