BIO 22 Study Guide- Lecture & Lab Exams #1

- As you are studying remember that physiology is why things are happening within the body or within a system.
- Review Homework #1 with emphasis on why the wrong answers are wrong and what would make
them correct. There will be some questions taken directly from the homework.
- Use the WileyPlus online resources to review areas you are having difficulty understanding, there are
self quizzes available to test yourself
- Review the old labs and all the required topics in the labs- there will be some questions directly from the labs
- You will not need to draw any organic compounds
- Homeostasis- what is it, what are the components, why is it important
- define negative feedback and examples
- define positive feedback and examples
- What are the different systems in the body and what do they do
- What are the different types of medical imaging, what are the sources of energy, what do you use
them for, advantages/disadvantages of each type of medical imaging
- Parts of an atom, what is atomic number, atomic mass, isotopes
- Different chemical bonds and strength of each
- What are enzymes, how do they work, what affects them, what do increased values of different
enzymes in blood mean
- What is pH, ranges, and effects in the body
- Types of organic compounds, what they are used for, and what they are broken down into
- Parts of the cell and what does each organelle do
- How substances are transported across a cell membrane
- Diffusion- passive vs. active, simple vs. facilitated
- Importance of osmosis and what affects it
- Tonicity, and how different fluid types affect cells (especially RBCs) and movement of fluids and solutes
in a cell
- What is the plasma osmolarity value and how it is maintained
- How and where do the different parts of protein synthesis occur, different types of RNA
- How does replication of DNA occur
- Stages of mitosis and meiosis
- Differences between mitosis and meiosis and where each occurs in the body
- What are the types of tissues and how do you differentiate each type
- Within each tissue type, what are the different types of tissues and cells and what are the uses for each cell
type
- Functions of skin particularly related to homeostasis
- Types of skin cells and uses
- Types of bone cells and uses
- Effects of various hormones on bone and maintenance of calcium levels
- Function of each part of the digestive system, all the different cells of each part of the digestive
system, what they secrete, what those secretions do and how the cells are protected from secretions
- Nervous innervations of GI tract and effects of sympathetic vs. parasympathetic innervation
- Where does digestion of each organic compound begin and where and how is it absorbed
- The phases of digestion, what happens in each phase and what triggers each phase
- Carbohydrate metabolism- both catabolic and anabolic, what are the steps, what energy is released,
what electron transporters are used, and where each step occurs in the cell (see handout)
- Anaerobic respiration- what is it, when is it used, pros/cons vs. aerobic respiration
- Lipid metabolism- what are byproducts
- Importance of different vitamins and minerals, and conditions that develop as a result of deficiencies
or excesses of them
- Absorptive vs post absorptive states, the hormones involved and the effects of those hormones
- Be able to convert within the metric system (lab exam only)