RFEM Product Overview

Dlubal Software GmbH
Structural Analysis and Design Software
Product Overview
2014
FEA Analysis
Dlubal - Product Overview
RFEM
Finite elements for
plates, walls, shells,
frame structures, solid
and contact elements
F-STEEL IS
R
Member design according
to IS 800:2007
F-STEEL BS
R
to BS 5950-1:2000
F-STEEL GB
R
to GB 50017-2003
F-STEEL CS
R
to CS S16-09
F-STEEL AS
R
to AS 4100-1998
1.1 A
dd-on Modules
Steel
F-STEEL
R
General stress analysis of
surfaces and members
F-STEEL EC3
R
to Eurocode 3
F-STEEL AISC
R
to ANSI/AISC 360-05 and
360-10
F-STEEL NTC-DF New

R
to NTC-DF (2004)
RF-STEEL SP New
to SP 16.13330.2011
F-STEEL SANS New
R
to SANS 10162-1:2011
RF-STEEL Plastic New
Plastic design of
cross-sections
Frame Analysis
F-STEEL SIA
R
to SIA 263:2013
RSTAB
Analysis and design
of 2D and 3D
frame structures
www.wernersobek.de
2.1 A
dd-on Modules
Steel
TEEL AS
S
to AS 4100-1998
TEEL
S
General stress analysis of
members
TEEL EC3
S
to Eurocode 3
TEEL AISC
S
to ANSI/AISC 360-05 and
360-10
TEEL SIA
S
to SIA 263:2013
TEEL IS
S
to IS 800:2007
TEEL BS
S
to BS 5950-1:2000
TEEL GB
S
to GB 50017-2003
TEEL CS
S
to CS S16-09
STEEL NTC-DF New

to NTC-RCDF (2004)
STEEL SP New
to SP 16.13330.2011
TEEL SANS New
S
to SANS 10162-1:2011
STEEL Plastic New
Plastic design of
cross-sections
TEEL Fatigue
S
Members New
Fatigue design
for members
LUMINIUM
A
to Eurocode 9
E-LTB
F
Lateral torsional buckling
design according to
FE Method
Download the current

Product Overview
at www.dlubal.com
F-STEEL Fatigue
R
Members New
Fatigue design
for members
IN 1045-1 for RFEM

D
Extension by design
according to
DIN 1045-1:2008
F-ALUMINIUM
R
to Eurocode 9
IA 262 for RFEM

S
Extension by design
according to
SIA 262:2013
F-FE-LTB
R
Lateral torsional buckling
design according to
FE Method
F-PLATE-BUCKLING
R
Plate buckling analysis of
stiffened plates according
to Eurocode 3 and
DIN 18800
1.2 A
dd-on Modules
Concrete

RF-CONCRETE
Reinforced concrete design
for plates, walls, shells and
members according to
Eurocode 2*), DIN 1045*),
SIA 262*), ACI 318-11*)
and GB 50010*)

RF-CONCRETE
Columns
with model column method
according to Eurocode 2*),
DIN 1045*), ACI 318-11*)
and GB 50010*)
LATE-BUCKLING
P
to Eurocode 3 and
DIN 18800
2.2 A
dd-on Modules
Concrete
ONCRETE
C
for members according to
SIA 262*), ACI 318-11*)
and GB 50010*)
ONCRETE Columns
C
with model column method
DIN 1045*), ACI 318-11*)
and GB 50010*)
*) c orresponding standard
extension required
C2 for RSTAB
E
Extension by design
according to
Eurocode 2 incl. NAs
IN 1045-1 for RSTAB
D
Extension by design
according to
DIN 1045-1:2008
IA 262 for RSTAB
S
Extension by design
according to
SIA 262:2013
F-CONCRETE NL
R
Non-linear reinforced con
crete design according to
SIA 262*), ACI 318-11*)
and GB 50010*)
F-CONCRETE Deflect
R
Analytical design of
surface deflections
DIN 1045*), SIA 262*),
ACI 318-11*) and
GB 50010*)
CI 318-11 for RFEM

A
Extension by design
according to
ACI 318-11
B 50010 for RFEM
G
Extension by design
according to
GB 50010:2010
F-FOUNDATION Pro
R
Design of single, bucket
and plate foundations
according to Eurocode 2
and Eurocode 7
F-PUNCH
R
Design of punching shear
resistance according to
Eurocode 2*) and
DIN 1045*)
*) c orresponding standard
extension required
C2 for RFEM
E
Extension by design
according to
Eurocode 2 incl. NAs
CI 318-11 for RSTAB

A
Extension by design
according to
ACI 318-11
B 50010 for RSTAB
G
Extension by design
according to
GB 50010:2010
OUNDATION Pro
F
Design of single, bucket
and plate foundations
according to
Eurocode 2 and 7
2.3 A
dd-on Modules
Timber
IMBER Pro
T
to Eurocode 5,
DIN 1052:2008-12
and SIA 265:2012
TIMBER AWC New
to ANSI/AWC NDS-2012
TIMBER CSA New
to CSA 086-09
2.4 A
dd-on Modules
Tower
OWER Structure
T
Generation of lattice
tower structures
OWER Equipment
T
Generation of equipment
for communication towers
OWER Loading
T
Generation of wind, ice
and variable loads for
lattice towers
OWER Effective
T
Lengths
Calculation of buckling
lengths for lattice tower
members
OWER Design
T
Design of lattice tower
Eurocode 3
2.5 A
dd-on Modules
Connections
RAME-JOINT Pro
F
Frame joints for frames
and DIN 18800
STV
D
Typified connections in
steel building construction
and DIN 18800
SS
H
Welded hollow structural
section connections
J OINTS Steel Column Base
Connections of steel
column bases according
to Eurocode 3
1.3 A
dd-on Modules
Timber
F-TIMBER Pro
R
to Eurocode 5,
DIN 1052:2008-12
and SIA 265:2012
RF-TIMBER AWC New
to ANSI/AWC NDS-2012
RF-TIMBER CSA New
to CSA 086-09
1.4 A
dd-on Modules
Tower
F-TOWER Structure
R
Generation of lattice
tower structures
F-HSS
R
Welded hollow structural
section connections
F-TOWER Design
R
Design of lattice tower
Eurocode 3
F-JOINTS Steel R
Column Base
Connections of steel
column bases according
to Eurocode 3
1.5 A
dd-on Modules
Glass
F-GLASS
R
Design of planar and
curved glass surfaces
1.6 A
dd-on Modules
Connections
F-FRAME-JOINT Pro
R
Frame joints for frames
and DIN 18800
F-DSTV
R
Typified connections in
steel building construction
and DIN 18800
F-TOWER Equipment
R
Generation of equipment
for communication towers
www.ib-rohmer.de
IMITS New
L
Design by comparison
of results with defined
limit states
2.6 A
dd-on Modules
Dynamics
YNAM Basic
D
Analysis of eigenvibrations
YNAM Addition I
D
Forced vibration analysis
DYNAM Addition II
Equivalent seismic loads for
earthquakes according to
Eurocode 8, DIN 4149 and
IBC 2000/2009
RF-LIMITS New
Design by comparison
of results with defined
limit states
1.7 A
dd-on Modules
Dynamics
RF-DEFORM
Deformation and deflection
analysis for members
F-MOVE
R
Load case generation from
moving loads on members
F-IMP
R
Equivalent geometric im
perfections and pre-deformed initial structures for
members and surfaces
F-STABILITY
R
Buckling modes, critical
load factors and effective
lengths
F-SOILIN
R
Soil-structure interaction
analysis according to
Eurocode 7, DIN 4019
and CSN
2.7 A
dd-on Modules
Others
EFORM
D
Deformation and
deflection analysis
SMOVE
R
Load case generation
from moving loads
SIMP
R
Equivalent geometric
imperfections and
pre-deformed initial
structures
F-DYNAM Addition I
R
Forced vibration analysis
SBUCK
R
Effective lengths,
buckling loads,
bifurcation load factors
UPER-RC
S
Superimposing results
of different structures
(construction phases)
TAGES
S
Consideration of different
construction stages
S-COM
R
Programmable COM
interface
www.ib-rohmer.de

Am Zellweg 2
D-93464 Tiefenbach
Cross-Sections
Cross-section properties
of any type of crosssection and calculation
of stresses and design
3.1 T
hin-Walled
Cross-Sections
HAPE-THIN
S
Cross-section properties
and stress analysis
3.2 S
olid
Cross-Sections
HAPE-MASSIVE
S
Cross-section properties,
stress analysis and
reinforced concrete design
F-INFLUENCE
R
Determination of
influence lines and
influence surfaces
F-MAT NL
R
Consideration of
non-linear material
behavior
F-STAGES
R
Consideration of different
construction stages
F-LAMINATE
R
Design of multi-layer
surfaces
RF-LOAD-HISTORY New
Consideration of
permanent (plastic)
deformation of
previous load states
F-DYNAM Basic
R
Analysis of eigenvibrations
F-COM
R
Programmable COM
interface
F-DYNAM Addition II
R
Equivalent seismic loads
for earthquakes according
to Eurocode 8 and
international standards
F-TOWER Loading
R
Generation of wind, ice
and variable loads for
lattice towers
J OINTS Steel Tower New

Hinged connections of
lattice tower members
F-JOINTS Steel R
Tower New
Hinged connections of
lattice tower members
1.8 A
dd-on Modules
Others
www.pirminjung.ch
F-LINK
R
Import of IGES, STEP and
ACIS files
X-TIMBER
R
Glued-Laminated Beam
Glued-laminated beams according to
Eurocode 5 and DIN 1052:2008-12
Stand-Alone
Programs
Stand-alone programs
(no RFEM or RSTAB
license required)
4.1 S
tand-Alone Programs
Steel
RANEWAY
C
Crane girder analysis
according to Eurocode 3,
DIN 4132 and DIN 18800
RF-PLATE-BUCKLING
to Eurocode 3 and
DIN 18800
4.2 S
tand-Alone Programs
Composite
OMPOSITE-BEAM
C
Composite beam design
according to
DIN V ENV 1994-1-1
X-TIMBER
R
Continuous Beam
Continuous beams according to
X-TIMBER Column
R
Columns according to Eurocode 5
and DIN 1052:2008-12
X-TIMBER Purlin
R
Purlins according to Eurocode 5
and DIN 1052:2008-12
X-TIMBER Frame
R
2D frames according to Eurocode 5
and DIN 1052:2008-12
X-TIMBER Brace
R
Roof bracings according to
X-TIMBER Roof
R
Rafters according to Eurocode 5
and DIN 1052:2008-12
4.3 S
tand-Alone Programs
Timber
X-TIMBER Package
R
Analysis Package with
RX-TIMBER Glued-Laminated
Beam/Continuous Beam/
Column
Tel.: +49 9673 9203-0

Fax: +49 9673 9203-51
Stand-Alone Programs
F-TENDON Design
R
Design of pre-stressed
concrete members
F-TOWER Effective
R
Lengths
Calculation of buckling
lengths for lattice tower
members
Cross-Sections
F-TENDON
R
Defnition of tendons in
pre-stressed concrete
members
www.dlubal.com
info@dlubal.com
2014
FEA Analysis
Program Overview
Main Programs and
Add-on Modules
Dlubal software is based on a modular system. There
are two main program families: RFEM and RSTAB.
Each family is made up of the main program
and its add-on modules. These modules
are either integrated into the main
program or, in a few cases, run as
independent programs. Integrated
modules only run with the corresponding main program. Each main
program provides the basis for
defining the structure, loads and load
combinations. By the projects completion,
the program shows deformations, internal
and support forces. Materials can be freely defined
in both main programs. Models of RFEM and RSTAB
can be opened in both programs. In RFEM, for example, you can open a framework structure from RSTAB to
model additional surface elements.
The add-on modules either facilitate the data input by
an automated creation of structures, loads and load
combinations or carry out further analyses and designs.
RF-MOVE and RF-IMP, add-on modules of the RFEM
program, represent the modular approach for generating input data. RF-DYNAM is a module that can be
used for further dynamic analyses. RF-/STEEL,
RF-/TIMBER Pro or RF-/CONCRETE are typical modules
for designing materials according to various construction standards. The modular approach allows you to
combine the main programs individually with the modules required for your structural projects. Upgrades at
a later date are always possible. This booklet describes
the modules in detail. In addition, almost every module can be tested as a trial version provided with your
Dlubal program DVD.
For further information
and current events,
see our website
www.dlubal.com.
1. Main Program
1.1 Add-on Modules

1.2 Add-on Modules

1.3 Add-on Modules

1.4 Add-on Modules

1.5 Add-on Modules
1.6 Add-on Modules

1.7 Add-on Modules

1.8 Add-on Modules

- Steel
- Concrete
- Timber
- Tower
- Glass
- Connections
- Dynamics
- Others
Page
RFEM
6
RF-STEEL
10/12
RF-STEEL EC3
13
RF-STEEL AISC
15
RF-STEEL SIA
16
RF-STEEL IS
17
RF-STEEL BS
18
RF-STEEL GB
19
RF-STEEL CS
20
RF-STEEL AS
21
RF-STEEL NTC-DF New
22
RF-STEEL SP New
23
RF-STEEL SANS New
24
RF-STEEL Plastic New
25
RF-STEEL Fatigue Members New 26
RF-ALUMINIUM
27
RF-FE-LTB
28
RF-PLATE-BUCKLING
29
RF-CONCRETE
30/32
RF-CONCRETE Columns
33
RF-PUNCH
34
RF-FOUNDATION Pro
35
RF-TENDON
36
RF-TENDON Design
36
RF-TIMBER Pro
38
RF-TIMBER AWC New
40
RF-TIMBER CSA New
41
RF-TOWER Structure
42
RF-TOWER Equipment
43
RF-TOWER Loading
43
RF-TOWER Effective Lengths
44
RF-TOWER Design
44
RF-GLASS
45
RF-FRAME-JOINT Pro
46
RF-DSTV
48
RF-HSS
49
RF-JOINTS Steel - Column Base
50
RF-JOINTS Steel - Tower New
50
RF-LIMITS New
51
RF-DYNAM Basic
52
RF-DYNAM Addition I
53
RF-DYNAM Addition II
54
RF-DEFORM
55
RF-MOVE
56
RF-IMP
57
RF-STABILITY
58
RF-SOILIN
59
RF-INFLUENCE
60
RF-STAGES
61
RF-LAMINATE
62
RF-LOAD-HISTORY New
63
RF-COM
64
RF-LINK
65
Download the current Product Overview

at www.dlubal.com
2. Main Program
2.1 Add-on Modules

2.2 Add-on Modules

2.3 Add-on Modules

2.4 Add-on Modules

2.5 Add-on Modules

2.6 Add-on Modules

2.7 Add-on Modules

- Steel
- Concrete
- Timber
- Tower
- Connections
- Dynamics
- Others
Page
RSTAB 66
STEEL 10
STEEL EC3 13
STEEL AISC 15
STEEL SIA 16
STEEL IS 17
STEEL BS 18
STEEL GB 19
STEEL CS 20
STEEL AS 21
STEEL NTC-DF New 22
STEEL SP New 23
STEEL SANS New 24
STEEL Plastic New 25
STEEL Fatigue Members New 26
ALUMINIUM 27
FE-LTB 28
PLATE-BUCKLING 29
CONCRETE 30
CONCRETE Columns 33
FOUNDATION Pro 35
TIMBER Pro 38
TIMBER AWC New 40
TIMBER CSA New
41
TOWER Structure 42
TOWER Equipment 43
TOWER Loading 43
TOWER Effective Lengths 44
TOWER Design 44
FRAME-JOINT Pro 46
DSTV 48
HSS 49
JOINTS Steel - Column Base 50
JOINTS Steel - Tower New 50
LIMITS New
51
DYNAM Basic 69
DYNAM Addition I 71
DYNAM Addition II 72
DEFORM 55
RSMOVE 56
RSIMP 73
RSBUCK 74
SUPER-RC 75
STAGES 61
RS-COM 64
Cross-Sections
3.1 Thin-Walled Cross-Sections
3.2 Solid Cross-Sections
SHAPE-THIN
SHAPE-MASSIVE
Frame Analysis
Cross-Sections
Content
Product Overview
Page
76
78
Page
4.1 Stand-Alone Programs - Steel

CRANEWAY
PLATE-BUCKLING
79
29
4.2 Stand-Alone Programs - Composite
COMPOSITE-BEAM
80
4.3 Stand-Alone Programs - Timber

RX-TIMBER
Glued-Laminated Beam 81
RX-TIMBER
Continuous Beam
81
RX-TIMBER Column
82
RX-TIMBER Purlin
81
RX-TIMBER Frame
82
RX-TIMBER Brace
82
RX-TIMBER Roof
82

at www.dlubal.com
FEA Analysis
RFEM 5
Main Program
FEA Analysis for Plates, Walls, Shells, Solids

and Frameworks
RFEM is used to define structural systems, materials and actions of planar
and spatial constructions consisting
of plates, walls, shells and members.
Furthermore, RFEM determines deformations, internal and support forces
as well as soil contact stresses according to the FE method. Creating
combined structures as well as modeling solid and contact elements is
also possible.
Due to the use of multi-core proces
sor and 64-bit technology, efficiency
of calculation algorithms is especially
emphasized.
RFEM user interface with navigator, graphic and table ( www.ibehlenz.de)
Download the current Product Overview at www.dlubal.com
Convert Nodal Load to Surface Load
RFEM is the appropriate program to

use when you want to determine internal forces or stresses in thin-walled
or solid structures. For reinforced concrete design, common structural components like flat slabs supported by
columns as well as special constructions like cooling towers consisting of
shells with rotational symmetry can
be analyzed by the program, even in
combination with members.
In steel design, RFEM analyzes frame
work structures as well as connections modeled in detail such as complex frame joints or connections for
columns on tanks.
Basically, RFEM has been conceived
as a software for structural engineer
ing but can also be used in other
fields like mechanical engineering,
plant construction or glass design.
The modular structure of the RFEM
program family allows you to cus
tomize the software according to
your individual needs. Various addi
tional modules are available for
design and structural analysis.
Together with its user-friendly and intuitive graphical user interface, RFEM
stands out for its clear program
structure. All functions and add-on
modules can be accessed directly
from one main menu. Thus, program
handling is easy allowing you to
work efficiently and quickly. RFEM
offering numerous interfaces repreGraphical results display of a models substructure
sents the perfect tool for a smooth

interaction between CAD and structural analysis in Building Information
Modeling (BIM).
Furthermore, it is possible to switch
languages: you can work with a
German, English, Czech, Italian,
Spanish, French, Portuguese, Polish
or Russian user interface.
Structure creation in CAD-like environment or by table input

Interface design can be modified
and set in nine different styles
Free configuration of menus and
toolbars, customizable arrangement
of tables, navigators and toolbars,
Configuration Manager for saving
user-defined settings
Modeling
Comprehensive cross-section and
material libraries
Import of special cross-sections from
SHAPE-THIN and SHAPE-MASSIVE
Object snap, user-defined input
grids and guidelines for easy
graphical input
Import of DXF files as wireframe
display model or provided as layer
for specific use of snap points
Generating tools for input of parametric models such as frames, halls,
trusses, spiral stairways, arcs, roofs
Various possibilities to create load
cases and loading from weight,
snow, wind
Parameterizable data input and
guideline technique for efficient
editing of recurring structural
systems
Zooming, rotating and moving
structures to switch viewing
direction and work plane directly as
well as setting of appropriate views
Partial views for clearer data
overview of structure
Transparent representation of
inactive objects
Input in 2D or 3D model
Easy definition of member properties due to default types like truss
girder or tension member
Generation of torispherical and vaulted heads, with or without loads
Surface modeling using preset sur

face types like standard, ortho
tropic, glass, laminate, rigid, membrane
Selection of material models: isotropic, isotropic plastic - 2D/3D, plastic
- 1D, orthotropic - 2D/3D, transversal isotropic - 3D, temperature, TsaiWu - 2D/3D and masonry - 2D
Specification of non-linearities for
member end releases (yielding, tearing, slippage, friction etc.) and
supports
Determination of spring stiffnesses
of columns and walls based on
geometric specifications
Eccentric arrangement of members,
elastic foundation or definition as
rigid connection
Eccentricities available also for surfaces
S
ets of members for easier load
application on several members
C
onversion of nodal and line loads
into area loads
S
urface division into surface components and member division into
surfaces
L oad generators for frameworks to
create wind, snow and coating loads
according to Eurocode and DIN
L oad case creation depending on
roof shape
S
aving recurring load case and
result combinations as schemes
O
ption to renumber structural
objects subsequently
R
eferring imperfections to members
and continuous members
M
ember extension or graphical
member division
Generation of wind loads according to EN 1991-1-4
FEA Analysis
Immediate check of input by means

of photo-realistic model visualization in 3D rendering
Display control of objects
Model dimensioning using lines,
arcs, angles, inclinations or height
indications
Free definition of guidelines,
sections and comments for
comfortable input and evaluation
Global dialog box controlling units
for input data, loading and results
of RFEM and all add-on modules
Graphical User Interface
FEA Analysis
Results and Printout

C
olored representation of positive
and negative internal forces in
results tables and their relation
to extreme values
Q
uick detection of governing
design locations due to display
of design ratios in results tables
of design modules
S
pecific evaluation of results due to
free configuration of result diagrams
for members, surfaces and supports
where you can define smoothing
ranges with average values or hide
and display result diagrams as
required
T
ransfer of diagrams into printout
report
Equivalent stresses for solid
S
tructure check to correct input errors like identical nodes or members
C
onnecting intersecting members
automatically during data input
M
easuring lengths and angles of
members and surfaces
V
arious load types for member and
surface loads (force, moment, temperature, precamber etc.)
A
ssignment of member loads to
members, sets of members or
member lists
Incremental application of loads

(useful for calculations according to
large deformation analysis)
Considering shear deformations for
members and referring internal forces
to deformed or undeformed system
Performance of post-critical analysis
O
ptimized FE mesh generator and
support of multi-core processor
as well as 64-bit technology
Editing structures in rendering
P
arallel calculation of linear load
cases and load combinations due
to several processors without
additional memory utilization
because of unique generation
of stiffness matrix
F unction Regenerate Structure to

correct minor deviations of node
coordinates
P
ossibility to follow development
of deformation during calculation
to evaluate convergence behavior
D
etermination of inclination and
precamber for imperfections ac
cording to Eurocode and DIN
R
eduction of singularities with
round or angled surface corners
Calculation
C
alculation of all member types and
surfaces for load cases as well as
result combinations according to
linear static, second-order or large
deformation analysis
Individual setting of calculation
parameters for load cases, load
and result combinations
A
utomatic creation of load and
result combinations according to
Eurocode, DIN etc. in accordance
with respective combination rules
C
opying, adding and recreating
load cases
C
olored graphic display of results
on rendered model
F ree setting of colors for range of
values in control panel
C
omputer animation of defor
mations, surface stresses as well as
internal forces and saving as video
F irst results table showing results
overview summarizing equilibrium
of forces in system and maximum
deformations, presenting information about calculation process
F urther results tables sorted by particular criteria like extreme values or
design locations
O
ption to print model, loading and
results as mail merge including graphics from different directions to
be defined
Internal forces of selected surfaces of a bridge construction with sections ( www.elu.se)
Output in German, English, French,

Spanish, Italian, Czech, Slovak,
Hungarian, Polish, Dutch,
Portuguese and Russian
Creation of more languages possible
RTF import of additional texts
Option to configure paging, for
example for prefixes
Report export in RTF or PDF
Adjusting printout extent with
various selection criteria
Creating templates from existing
reports for cross-project use
Application of title boxes for
graphical print presentations
Project Manager
Preview in printout report with automated graphics
Result diagrams of sections with smooth range
Interfaces
D
irect interfaces with Tekla Struc
tures, Autodesk Revit Structure,
Autodesk AutoCAD and Autodesk
Structural Detailing (reinforcement
transfer)
E
xchange with many programs
via integrated interfaces: STP, DXF,
IFC, SDNF, GEO, FEM, CFE, ASF, ESF,
background layers, VCmaster
File formats for data export
E
xport from and import to MS Excel
and OpenOffice.org Calc for each
input and output table or for all
tables of model
O
ption to define rules for materials
and cross-sections by user-defined
conversion files (except for
MS Excel, OOo Calc, CSV)
R
TF interface for additional printout
report editing including graphics in
MS Office
P
lausibility checks after import
or before export
E
xport of specifically selected
objects
D
efinition of Z-axis direction for
data exchange
Mirroring and resetting coordinates
P
ossibility to open files of frame
work program RSTAB directly in
RFEM to add surface elements
P
rogrammable COM interface for
customer input macros or post-
processing programs (add-on
module RF-COM)
Interfaces IGES, STEP and ACIS
(add-on module RF-LINK)
FEA Analysis
P
roject management of all Dlubal
programs in one central place due
to network-compatibility
Organization of projects from different RSTAB/RFEM versions and
SHAPE-THIN, SHAPE-MASSIVE, RXTIMBER
Results deletion in Project Manager
before archiving and without file
opening
File management of subprojects
Display of model information such
as date of creation and recent
modifications, user name, size
and structure weight
Integrated recycle bin to avoid
irrecoverable deletion
Archiving projects with backup of
related files contained in project
folder
Data compression in ZIP format
Steel
RF-/STEEL
General Stress Designs for Members
RF-/STEEL is one of the add-on
modules integrated into RSTAB.
It performs general stress analyses for members according to EN
1993, DIN18800 and other standards based on the principle of
comparing existing stresses with
limiting stresses.
In case that internal forces are determined according to the second-order
analysis including the application of
imperfections, you can carry out the
stability analysis (DIN 18800) also in
the RF-/STEEL module.
Features
Import of materials, cross-sections
and internal forces from RSTAB or
RFEM
D
esign of all thin-walled cross-sections
including SHAPE-THIN sections
D
etermination of maximum stresses
of sets of members
F lexible design in different design
cases
Graphic of stress points
10
G
raphic of stresses and stress ratios
on the cross-section and in the
RSTAB/RFEM model
D
etermination of governing internal forces
F ilter options for graphical results in
RSTAB/RFEM
G
raphic display for stresses and
stress ratios in the rendered view
Color scales in the results tables
C
onnection between tables and
RSTAB/RFEM work window when
selecting the current member
graphically
V
iew mode for modifying the view
in the work window
O
ption for optimizing rolled and
welded cross-sections
T
ransfer of optimized cross-sections
to RSTAB/RFEM
Parts list and quantity surveying
Data export to MS Excel
Graphical representation of stress ratio for a steel hall
Input
To make the data input easier, the
members, sets of members, materials
and cross-sections already defined in
RSTAB/RFEM are preset. Thus, the input
required for the analysis is minimized.
In many situations, you can use the
pick function offered by the program
to select objects graphically. Further
more, you have access to the global
material and cross-section libraries.
Maximum stresses arranged by cross-sections
Members and sets of members can

be arranged in groups for different
design cases. In this way you can, for
example, combine groups of structu
ral components or define particular
design specifications for them (limit
stresses, partial safety factors, optimization).
You can specify comprehensive detail
settings for the design in a separate
dialog box.
Design
For every stress point, it is possible
to determine the normal, the shear
and the equivalent stresses to compare them with the allowable stresses. When analyzing superimposed internal forces of load combinations,
you can select between two calculation options.
Design details
assignment of colors and corresponding values can be adjusted.

Stress ratios in the 3D rendering
Results
Design details
The factors for determining equivalent stresses are considered according to the users specifications.
RF-/STEEL calculates the stress ratios for every stress component during the design. The governing internal forces will be related to the type
of stress selected by the user.
The design is completed by determining the masses.
After the designs completion, the

maximum stresses and stress ratios
are displayed in results tables according to cross-sections, members and
sets of members. In addition, the
stress curve on the cross-section is
displayed graphically. Furthermore,
the stress components can be shown
for every internal force individually.
The diagrams for result distribution

on the member or set of members allow for a specific evaluation.
For every designed location on the
member, you can open a dialog box
to check the relevant cross-section
properties and stress components
for every stress point. The respective
graphic can be printed including all
design details.
For detailed analyses (for example fatigue design), stresses are available
for every stress point. Optionally, the
maximum difference of the normal
stresses Delta is displayed.
The stress ratio is represented by different colors in the RSTAB/RFEM
model so that oversized or crucial areas of the structure can be recognized immediately. If necessary, the
Optimization parameters of an I-section
The automatic optimization of crosssections is a special RF-/STEEL feature.

The module determines the crosssection of the specified cross-section table that fulfils the analysis requirements in the most optimal way,
i.e. comes as close as possible to the
maximum stress ratio of 1.00. The
optimization is also available for the
parameterized cross-section tables as
well as for tapered members.
If required, the optimized cross-sections can be transferred to RSTAB/
RFEM to calculate the internal forces again.
Steel
Cross-section Optimization
Detailed representation of stresses on the cross-section
11
Steel
RF-STEEL
General Stress Designs for Members and Surfaces
The add-on module RF-STEEL used
for general stress designs with the
main program RFEM consists of
two parts: RF-STEEL Surfaces allows
for the design of surface and shell
elements. RF-STEEL Members is
used for the design of member elements. The stress design for members has already been described
for STEEL.
By comparing existing stresses with
limit stresses, it is possible to design
also structural parts made from other
materials than steel.
Features
Integration in RFEM with import of
all required structural information
and internal forces
D
esign and analysis of almost any
modeled structural parts
12
D
etermination of the following
stresses including stress ratios:
- normal stresses
- shear stresses
- equivalent stresses according to
von Mises, Tresca, Rankine or Bach
O
ptional output of membrane
stresses only due to axial loading
Display of stresses sorted by surfaces
you want to design and to check the

preset material properties and surface data.
The limit stresses can be taken from
a comprehensive library, but they can
also be modified manually or freely
defined. New material properties can
be stored in the library for later use
in other design cases.
The results tables and graphics can

be integrated into the printout report. In this way a clearly arranged
documentation is guaranteed.
Due to various combination possibilities of surface and member elements
in RFEM and the option to analyze
them separately in both RF-STEEL
add-on modules, crucial areas like
frame joints can be modeled and
designed as surface elements. The remaining structure can be designed by
member analyses.
T
ransversal shear stresses in neutral axes of surfaces according to
Kirchhoff, Mindlin or user-defined
specifications
Subsequent to the design, all stresses

and stress ratios are available for numerical and graphical evaluation.
Serviceability limit state design
Equivalent stresses of base plate with surface-related extreme values
O
ption to use different material or
element properties as basis for optimizations
N
umerical results output displayed
in user-defined grid with colored relation scales
G
raphical design results displayed
on RFEM model with various filter
options
V
in the RFEM work window
The input data required is reduced
to a minimum. You only have to select the surfaces and load cases that
Ultimate and Serviceability Limit State Design, Stability Analysis and Fire Resistance
Design According
to Eurocode 3
The add-on module RF-/STEEL EC3
for RSTAB/RFEM performs the
cross-section design, the stability
analysis, the deformation analysis,
and the fire resistance design for
members and sets of members
according to
EN 1993-1-1
EN 1993-1-2
EN 1993-1-4
EN 1993-1-5.
Program Features
21 National Annexes
Analysis of load cases, load combinations, and result combinations
Cross-section classification, automatically or manually

Determination of effective crosssection properties for sections of
cross-section class 4
Cross-section designs for all crosssection classes including plastic
interaction checks
Tension analyses with input option
for net cross-section
S
tability analysis acc. to EN 1993-1-1,
clauses 6.3.1 6.3.4
V
arious intermediate lateral
restraints used for stabilization
Input of rotational restraint and
shear panel acc. to EN 1993-1-3
V
isualization of nodal supports
for set of members design acc.
to general method
D
esign extended by transverse
bending for general method
E
igenvalue resolver integrated to
determine critical loads
Graphical representation of design results of RF-STEEL EC3 in RFEM
G
raphical representation of design
ratio in RSTAB/RFEM for design
groups (e.g. cross-section designs,
stability analyses)
D
etailed results filterable by design
ratio
Country-specific
Arrangements
The National Annexes of many countries are already integrated. You can
always adjust the preset parameters
or create a new National Annex that
can be saved in a library.
Input
The members, sets of members, materials (also stainless steel) and crosssections are imported from RSTAB/
RFEM. The most efficient design
method conforming to standards
is preset in the program.
F ire resistance design considering

protective coatings or encasements
The design situations according to

EN 1990 are available for the ultimate
limit state as well as the serviceability
limit state designs.
D
esign of longitudinal welds for
welded cross-sections
The cross-section classes 1 to 4 are

automatically determined according
Cross-section optimization
to EN 1993-1-1:2010-12, clause 5.5.2

but can be defined also manually.
The effective length factors required
for the stability analyses are manually
defined. A dialog box showing the
Euler buckling modes is additionally
offered.
Furthermore, it is possible to import
the effective length factors from the
stability analyses performed with
RSBUCK/RF-STABILITY.
Cross-section Designs
The designs required by EN 1993-1-1
are performed depending on the
cross-section class. The elastic design
considers, if applicable, effective
cross-section values for local plate
buckling of the cross-section class 4
according to EN 1993-1-5. For the
plastic interaction designs of the
cross-section classes 1 and 2 the
program performs, in addition to
the linear interaction, the interaction
Graphical representation of mode shape
Steel
Design of any cross-section specified in Eurocode 3
RF-/STEEL EC3
13
Steel
checks according to clause 6.2.9.

Moreover, for the tension analysis
you can define net cross-sectional
areas for the member start and end
in order to take account of holes for
connecting elements.
Stability
The stability analyses for buckling
around the y- and x-axis as well as
for lateral torsional buckling is carried out for each member.
For the lateral-torsional buckling
analysis the add-on module deter
mines the critical moment Mcr for
members and sets of members con
sidering load application, distribution
of moments, intermediate supports
and stabilization options like the rotational restraint and the shear panel
by means of an integrated resolver
for eigenvalues.
It is possible to consider load combi

nations as well as result combina
tions. The entered boundary condi
tions of a set of members, which are
used by the eigenvalue resolver, can
be checked graphically in the add-on
module.
14
Fire Resistance
The design for the case of fire is car
ried out according to EN 1993-1-2.
Several methods can be selected for
the design performance.
The temperature of gases can be
determined for the standard tem-
Input of nodal supports with visualization
perature-time curve, the external fire

curve and the hydrocarbon curve.
It is also possible to define the final
temperature manually. Furthermore,
you can specify protective coatings
and encasements in the add-on
module.
Serviceability
The limit values of the deformations
for the serviceability limit state design
can be defined in the settings of the
National Annex.
RF-/STEEL EC3 uses the members or
member sets reference length that is
either entered manually or calculated
by the program. Optionally, a precamber is considered.
Design results sorted by cross-section displayed in tables
Results Output and Report

All results are clearly represented in
results tables that are sorted by load
cases, cross-sections, members, sets
of members or x-locations.
The number of result rows can be
reduced effectively in the tables and
the printout report by using filters
(design ratio).
When you select a particular result
row, detailed design information
about the performed designs is
available.
The design ratios can be checked
graphically in the work window of
RSTAB/RFEM or in a separate window
showing the result diagrams. Parts
lists available for individual crosssection types and sorted by members
or sets of members complete the
detailed and clearly arranged results
representation.
All material and cross-section pro
perties, design internal forces and
factors are clearly documented in
the global printout report of RSTAB/
RFEM.
Ultimate and Serviceability Limit State Design According to ANSI/AISC 360-05

and 360-10 (US Standard)
The add-on module can be used for
RSTAB and RFEM and is based on
the US standard Specification for
Structural Steel Buildings released
by the American Institute of Steel
Construction (AISC). RF-/STEEL AISC
performs the ultimate limit state
design, the stability as well as the
deformation analysis for members
and sets of members according to
the two design methods mentioned
in ANSI/AISC 360-05 and 360-10:
Allowable Stress Design (ASD)
L oad Resistance Factor Design
(LRFD)
Standard-specific libraries facilitate
the design challenge:
Material library according to ASTM
C
ross-section library according to
AISC and CAN/CSA S16-01
Selection of members, sets of members, loads and design method
C
ross-section classification: compact, noncompact, slender
S
erviceability limit state design by
checking the deformation
D
esigns for rolled and welded I-, Cand T-sections, angles, rectangular
hollow sections and pipes, round
bars and combined L-sections
Metric and imperial units
D
etailed results documentation
with reference to decisive equations
O
utput of member slenderness and
governing internal forces
Library for US materials
Features
D
esign for tension and compression, bending and shear, combined
actions and torsion
F ilter options for results in tables

and graphic
Parts list
When entering design relevant data,

you decide if you want to use the
ASD or the LRFD method. It is also
possible to adjust the intermediate
lateral supports, the effective lengths
and further design parameters such
as the modification factor Cb or the
shear lag factor U.
RF-/STEEL AISC
Subsequent to the calculation, the

maximum design criteria of each action are displayed. In addition, the
program shows all intermediate results of the various design locations
on the member.
All module data is documented in
the global RSTAB or RFEM printout
report.
Detailed results output for every designed member
Integrated eigenvalue analysis to

determine the buckling load and
the ideal critical moment for lateral
torsional buckling, or analytical solution for standardized conditions
S
pecification of lateral member
supports
Steel
S
tability analysis for buckling, torsional buckling and lateral torsional buckling
15
Steel
RF-/STEEL SIA
Ultimate and Serviceability Limit State Design According to SIA 263:2013
(Swiss Standard)
The add-on module RF-/STEEL SIA
for RSTAB and RFEM is used to carry out the ultimate and serviceabi
lity limit state design according to
the Swiss standard SIA 263:2013.
You can design members as well
as sets of members.
Selection of members, sets of members and load cases for the design
Details for stability analysis
Features
D
esign for tension, compression,
bending, shear and combined actions
S
tability analysis for buckling, torsional buckling and lateral buckling
16
D
etermination of critical buckling
loads and of critical moment for
lateral torsional buckling by means
of integrated FEA program (eigenvalue analysis) for general load applications and support conditions
O
ption for discrete, lateral beam
supports
Cross-section classification
Analysis of deformations
D
esigns for rolled and parameterized I-, C- and T-sections, angles,
rectangular hollow sections, pipes,
round bars and double angles
Import option for buckling lengths
from RSBUCK or RF-STABILITY
C
omprehensive results documentation with references to the standards results equations used in the
calculation
O
utput of member slenderness and
governing internal forces
Parts list
The RSTAB/RFEM library already

contains materials according to
SA EN 1993-1-1. In addition, RSTAB
and RFEM allow for an automatic creation of relevant load combinations in
accordance with SIA 260.
In the first table of the add-on module RF-/STEEL SIA you select all load
cases, groups and combinations that
you want to design. If required, you
can adjust the preset parameters
for the lateral intermediate supports
and the effective lengths. For sets of
members, it is possible to define individual supports with eccentricities on
each member node.
Maximum design ratios of every cross-section
In the programs background, a special FEA tool determines the buckling

loads and moments that are required
for the stability analysis.
The results tables show the maximum
design ratios including corresponding designs for each designed action. All detailed results are displayed
in extendable tree menus according
to specific subjects. Furthermore, it is
possible to display the intermediate
results for each member location.
The complete module data is part
of the printout report of RSTAB or
RFEM. You can select the results that
you want to include in the output.
Ultimate and Serviceability Limit State Design According to IS 800:2007

(Indian Standard)
The Indian standard General Con
struction in Steel released by the
Bureau of Indian Standards represents the basis of this RSTAB/RFEM
add-on module. RF-/STEEL IS performs the ultimate limit state design and the deformation analysis
for members and sets of members.
Standard-specific libraries facilitate
the design challenge:
M
aterial library according to
IS 800:2007
C
ross-section library for rolled
cross-sections according to
IS 808:1989
Degrees of freedom and eccentricities of nodal supports in sets of members
S
tability analysis for buckling and
lateral torsional buckling
Parts list
Library of Indian rolled cross-sections
Features
D
bending, shear and combined actions
S
lateral torsional buckling
Integrated eigenvalue analysis to
determine the critical buckling
loads and the ideal critical moment
for lateral torsional buckling
The members, sets of members, materials and cross-sections defined

in RSTAB/RFEM are already preset.
When you have selected the relevant
actions, you can add lateral intermediate supports and specify effective
lengths for buckling and lateral torsional buckling to adjust the input to
the real situation. For sets of members, it is possible to define individual
supports with eccentricities on each
member node.
In accordance with IS 800:2007, section 3.7, RF-/STEEL IS divides the
cross-sections into the classes 1 to 4.

The maximum b/t and d/t ratios are
determined according to table 2.
When analyzing the data, the program compares the actions design
values with the design values of the
maximum resistance. When applying bending and compression to the
structural components at the same
time, interactions will be considered
by the design.
RF-/STEEL IS
All results are clearly represented in

results tables, arranged according to
load cases, cross-sections, members,
sets of members and x-locations.
When you click into a result row, detailed design information is available.
Member analysis with detailed results
S
pecification of lateral member
supports
S
checking the deformation
D
esigns for rolled and welded I-, Cand T-sections, angles, rectangular
hollow sections and pipes, round
bars and double angles
Steel
C
ross-section classification with design for classes 1 to 3
17
Steel
RF-/STEEL BS
Design of Steel Members According to BS 5950-1:2000 (British Standard)
or BS EN 1993-1-1
Features
D
bending, shear and combined internal forces
S
tability analysis for flexural buckling and lateral torsional buckling
A
utomatic determination of critical
buckling loads and critical moment
for lateral torsional buckling for
general load applications and support conditions, by means of a special FEA program (eigenvalue analysis) integrated in the module
O
ption to apply a discrete lateral
support for beams
A
utomatic cross-section classification
A
nalysis of deformations (serviceability)
18
L arge selection of cross-sections,

for example rolled I- and C-sections,
rectangular hollow sections, angle
irons and double angle sections
(flange to flange), T-sections, welded I-sections (symmetrical and unsymmetrical about the strong
axis), welded C-sections (symmetrical about the strong axis), welded
rectangular hollow sections and
angle irons, round sections and
round bars
Clearly arranged results tables
D
with reference to design equations
used and described in the standard
V
arious options to filter and arrange
results, including results listed by
member, cross-section, x-location or
load cases, groups and combinations
R
esults tables for slenderness of
members and governing internal
forces
P
arts list with weight and volume
specifications
Input of general data
Working with RF-/STEEL BS

The data specified in RSTAB/RFEM for
material, loads and load combinations must be entered in accordance
with the design concept described in
BS 5950 (or Eurocode). The RSTAB/
RFEM library already contains appropriate materials. RSTAB and RFEM allow you to create adequate load
combinations automatically. The presettings for lateral intermediate supports and effective lengths can be
adjusted. In case continuous memResults graphic with design ratio
bers are used, you can define individual support conditions and eccentricities for each intermediate node.
Results Output
The first results table shows the maximum design ratio with the corresponding analysis for each load case,
group or combination that has been
designed. The complete module data
is part of the printout report. The report contents and the extent of the
output can be selected specifically for
the individual designs.
Design of Steel Members According to GB 50017-2003

(Chinese Standard)
Features
D
S
tability analysis for flexural buckling and lateral torsional buckling
A
utomatic determination of critical buckling loads and factor for
overall stability for lateral-torsional
buckling according to annex B
O
support for beams
A
utomatic cross-section
classification
A
nalysis of deformations (serviceability)
A
utomatic design for local stability
and check of cross-sections plastic
design criteria
V
ariety of cross-sections, for example rolled I- and C-sections, rectangular hollow sections, angle irons,
T-sections, welded I-sections (symmetrical and un-symmetrical about
strong axis), C-sections (symmetrical about strong axis), rectangular hollow sections and angle irons,
round sections, round bars
D
Working with RF-/STEEL GB
Results Output
The data specified in RSTAB/RFEM

for material, loads and load combinations must be entered in accordance with the design concept described in the Chinese standard GB
50017. The RSTAB/RFEM library already contains appropriate materials.
The presettings for lateral intermediate supports and effective lengths
can be adjusted. When specifying the
parameters for the lateral torsional
buckling design, you can define the
torsional length lT in addition to lw.
The first results table shows the maximum design ratio with the corresponding analysis for each load case,
designed. Moreover, the governing
internal forces and a parts list are
displayed. The complete module data
is part of the RSTAB/RFEM printout
report. The report contents and the
extent of the output can be selected
specifically for the individual designs.
RF-/STEEL GB
Results graphic with design ratio
R
esults table for governing
internal forces
P
specifications
Seamless integration in RSTAB/RFEM
Steel
V
arious options to filter and
arrange results, including results
listed by member, cross-section,
x-location or load cases, groups and
combinations
19
Steel
RF-/STEEL CS
Design of Steel Members According to CS S16-09
(Canadian Standard)
Features
D
esign of members and sets of
members for tension, compression,
bending, shear, combined internal
forces and torsion
S
A
general load applications and support conditions by means of a special FEA program (eigenvalue analysis) integrated in the module
A
lternative analytical calculation of
critical moment for lateral torsional
buckling for standard situations
O
support for members and continuous members
Automatic cross-section classification
S
erviceability limit state design (deflection)
20
V
ariety of cross-sections provid
ed for selection, for example rolled
I-sections, C-sections, T-sections,
angles, rectangular and circular
hollow sections, round bars, symmetrical, asymmetrical and para
meterized I- and T-sections as well
as angle irons and double angles
C
learly structured input and output tables
D
with references to design equations
V
arious filter and sorting options
for results
R
esults tables for member slendernesses and governing internal forces
P
specifications
Design by cross-sections in STEEL CS
Working with RF-/STEEL CS

for material, loads and load combi
nations must be entered in accord
ance with the design concept de
scribed in the standard CS S16-09.
The RSTAB/RFEM library already con
tains appropriate materials. RSTAB
and RFEM allow you to create adequate load combinations automatically. The presettings for lateral inResults graphic with design ratio in RSTAB
termediate supports and effective

lengths can be adjusted. In case continuous members are used, you can
define individual support conditions
and eccentricities for each intermediate node.
The design results are listed in results
tables, sorted by members, crosssections, x-locations or load cases,
groups and combinations. The complete module data is part of the
RSTAB/RFEM printout report.
Design of Steel Members According to AS 4100-1998

(Australian Standard)
The add-on module RF-/STEEL AS
performs the ultimate and the
serviceability limit state design according to the Australian Standard
AS 4100-1998 + annex 1 - 1999.
Features
Design of members and sets of
forces and torsion
Stability analyses for buckling and
lateral-torsional buckling
Automatic determination of critical
general load applications and
support conditions by means of
a special FEA program (eigenvalue
analysis) integrated in the module
Alternative analytical calculation of
the critical moment for lateral torsional buckling for standard situations
Option to apply a discrete lateral
support
Automatic cross-section classification (compact, noncompact and
slender)
Deflection analyses
Optional cross-section optimization
Variety of cross-sections provided for selection, for example rolled
angles, rectangular and circular hollow sections, round bars, parametric I- and T-sections, etc. as well as
user-defined cross-sections from
SHAPE-THIN
Output of calculation results shown by load case in STEEL AS
Working with RF-/STEEL AS

First, you decide which load cases,
load combinations and result combinations you want to analyze. Then,
you can adjust lateral intermediate
supports, effective lengths and other
standard-specific design parameters.
In case continuous members are
used, it is possible to define individual support conditions and eccentricities for each intermediate node of
the single members. In the programs
background, a special FEA tool determines the critical loads and moments
required for the stability analysis.
RF-/STEEL AS
Together with RSTAB/RFEM it is also

possible to apply the Direct Analysis
Method taking into account the influence of a general calculation according to the second-order analysis.
When you use this option, you can
do without special enlargement factors.
Graphical representation of design ratio in 3D rendering in RSTAB
Detailed results documentation

Various filter and sorting options
for results
Steel
Clearly structured input and output tables
21
Steel
RF-/STEEL NTC-DF
Design of Steel Members According to NTC-DF (2004)
(Mexican Standard)
The add-on module RF-/STEEL NTC-DF
performs the ultimate and the serviceability limit state design according to the Mexican Standard
NTC-RCDF (2004), section about
metal structures.
Features
D
forces and torsion
S
A
A
the critical moment for lateral torsional buckling for standard situations
22
O
support for members
A
Deflection analyses
V
ariety of cross-sections provided
for selection, for example rolled
angles, rectangular and circular hollow sections, round bars, symmetrical, asymmetrical and parameterized I- and T-sections, etc.
C
learly structured input and output
tables
D
V
for results
Input of nodal supports for member sets in RF-STEEL NTC-DF
Working with RF-/STEEL NTC-DF

First, you decide which load cases,
load combinations and result combinations you want to analyze. Then,
you can adjust lateral intermediate
supports, effective lengths and other
standard-specific design parameters.
In case continuous members
are used, it is possible to define
individual support conditions and
eccentricities for each intermediate
node of the single members. In the
programs background, a special FEA

tool determines the critical loads and
moments required for the stability
analysis.
Together with RSTAB/RFEM it is
possible to consider by default the
influence of a general calculation
according to second-order analysis.
Alternatively, you can take into
account the effects according to
second-order analysis by enlargement
factors.
Graphical representation of design ratio in 3D rendering in RFEM
Design of Steel Members According to SP 16.13330.2011

(Russian Standard)
The add-on module RF-/STEEL SP
performs the ultimate and the
serviceability limit state design
according to the Russian Standard
SP16.13330.2011.
Features
Design of single and continuous
forces and torsion
Stability analysis for flexural buckling and lateral torsional buckling
Automatic determination of stability
factors according to annex E, F, G
Option to apply a discrete lateral
support for beams
Automatic slenderness check for
cross-section parts subjected to
compression
Analysis of deformations (serviceability)
Variety of cross-sections provided,
for example rolled I-sections,
Csections, rectangular hollow sections, angles, T-sections. Welded
cross-sections: I-shaped (symmetrical and asymmetrical about major
axis), channel sections (symmetrical
about major axis), rectangular hollow sections, angles, round pipes,
round bars
Design results sorted by members in RF-STEEL SP
Working with RF-/STEEL SP

concerning material, loads and combinations must have been entered in
accordance with the design concept
described in the Russian Standard SP
16.13330.2011. The RSTAB/RFEM material library already contains appropriate materials according to GOST.
In RF-/STEEL SP, you select first the
members and sets of members that
you want to design, and then the load

cases, load and result combinations.
During the next steps, you can adjust
the presettings for lateral intermediate supports and effective lengths.
RF-/STEEL SP
The complete module data is part of

the RSTAB/RFEM printout report. The
contents chosen for the report and
the extent of output data can be selected specifically for the individual
designs.
Graphical representation of design ratio in 3D rendering in RFEM
Clearly arranged module windows

for results
V
member, cross-section, x-location
or load cases / load combinations /
result combinations
Results window for slendernesses
of members and governing internal
forces
Steel

23
Steel
RF-/STEEL SANS
Design of Steel Members According to SANS 10162-1:2011
(South African Standard)
Features
D
esign of single and continuous
forces and torsion
S
A
A
critical moment for lateral torsional
buckling for standard situations
O
support for members and continuous members
A
S
erviceability limit state design
(deflection)
24
V
ariety of cross-sections provided for selection, for example rolled
angles, rectangular and circular hollow sections, round bars, symmetrical, asymmetrical and parameterized I- and T-sections as well as angle irons and double angles
C
learly structured input and output
tables
D
V
for results
R
esults tables for member slendernesses and governing internal
forces
P
specifications
Design results sorted by member in STEEL SANS
Working with RF-/STEEL SANS

with the design concept described
in the standard SANS 10162-1:2011.
The RSTAB/RFEM library already
contains appropriate materials. The
presettings for lateral intermediate
supports and effective lengths can
be adjusted. In case continuous
members are used, you can define
individual support conditions and
Results graphic with design ratio in RSTAB
eccentricities for each intermediate

node.
The following results windows show
all detailed results in extendable
tree menus sorted by specific topics.
Moreover, it is possible to display all
intermediate results for each location
along the members. In this way, you
can easily retrace how the individual
designs have been carried out by the
module. The complete module data
report.
RF-/STEEL Plastic
The add-on module RF-/STEEL Plastic
uses the plastic reserves of crosssections. In this way, a very efficient
design is possible.
Taking into account the interaction
conditions, the action effects must
not exceed the limit internal forces.
The following design methods are
available:
Cross-sections consisting of two or
three sheets (I-, C-, Z-, L-sections,
channels, tees), flat steel, pipes
and hollow sections according to
the Partial Internal Forces Method
(PIFM) with redistribution by
Kindmann/Frickel
Elliptical cross-sections with analytical nonlinear optimization procedure
Simplex Method for general crosssections
RF-/STEEL Plastic includes an extensive
as well as extendable cross-section /
material library with standard-specific
strength values.
Features
Design results sorted by cross-sections shown in STEEL Plastic
Working with RF-/STEEL Plastic

First, you select the members/member
sets as well as load cases, load combinations or result combinations that
you want to take into account for
the ultimate limit state design. The
materials from RSTAB/RFEM are preset but can be adjusted.
user-defined values are taken into

account for the calculation.
Design-relevant parameters like for
example the calculation of all crosssections according to the Simplex
Method can be adjusted as desired.
Plastic Design of Cross-Sections
The results of the calculation can be

represented graphically or in tables.
It is also possible to print them in the
printout report.
Full integration in RSTAB/RFEM with

import of all relevant information
and internal forces
When checking the cross-sections,

you can decide if the design values
are taken from the standard, or if
Design of cross-sections for tension,

compression, bending, torsion,
shear and combined internal forces
Optimization of cross-sections with

transfer option to RSTAB/RFEM
Freely definable yield strengths, also
dependent on structural thickness
V
results such as designs sorted by
member, cross-section, x-location
etc.
D
esign criterion visualized on
RSTAB/RFEM model
Steel

with references to used design
equations
25
Steel
RF-/STEEL Fatigue Members

Fatigue Design for Members and Sets of Members
With the add-on module RF-/STEEL
Fatigue Members you can perform
the fatigue design according to
EN 1993-1-9 for steel members
and member sets.
The fatigue design according to
EN1993-1-9 is based on the nominal
stress concept. The internal forces
are determined according to the
structural analysis for members. The
stresses are calculated according to
the mechanics of materials at the
location where the crack formation is
expected.
This means that the ranges of the
nominal stress and as a result
of the actions are contrasted with
the design values of the fatigue
strength R and R.
Furthermore, the concept of the

partial safety values applies in
EN1993-1-9. The partial safety factor
Mf for the fatigue strength is graded
depending on the reliability concept
and the possible consequences of
failure.
26
The add-on module RF-/STEEL Fatigue

Members includes an extensive crosssection library and an extendable
material library with standard-specific
strength values.
O
ptimization of cross-sections with
D
etailed results documentation with
references to used design equations
V
Moreover, it is possible to optimize

the cross-sections automatically and
to export the modified cross-sections
to RSTAB/RFEM.
Features
F ull integration in RSTAB/RFEM with
and internal forces
D
etermination of stress ranges for
the available load cases, load com
binations or result combinations
F ree assignment of detail categories
on the available stress points of the
cross-section
U
ser-defined specification of dam
age equivalent factors
D
members according to EN 1993-1-9
Module window 2.1 Design by Cross-Section

x-location or load cases / load combinations / result combinations
D
esign criterion visualized on
RSTAB/RFEM model
D
ata export to MS Excel
RF-/ALUMINIUM
Features
D
bending, shear and combined
internal forces
S
tability analysis for flexural buckling, torsional buckling and lateraltorsional buckling
A
general load applications and support conditions, by means of a special FEA program (eigenvalue analysis) integrated in the module
O
support for beams
A
utomatic cross-section
classification
S
erviceability limit state design for
characteristic, frequent or quasipermanent design situation
T
to RSTAB/RFEM
V
ariety of cross-sections provided,
for example I-sections (symmetric
and unsymmetric), C-sections,
T-sections, rectangular hollow
sections, square sections, round
sections, angles with equal and
unequal legs, flat steel, round bars
Working with RF-/ALUMINIUM

with the design concept described
in the Eurocode. The RSTAB/RFEM
library already contains appropriate
materials. For design according to
EN 1999-1-1 the parameters presented
in the national annexes (NAs) of
Germany, Belgium, Denmark, Ireland,
Italy, Slovakia, Czech Republic and
Cyprus are provided. The presettings
for lateral intermediate supports and
effective lengths can be adjusted.
In case continuous members are

used, you can define individual support conditions and eccentricities for
each intermediate node.
Aluminum Design of Members According to Eurocode 9
Results Output
The first results table shows the maximum design ratio with the corres
ponding analysis for each load case,
designed. The complete module data
report. The report contents and the
extent of the output can be selected
specifically for the individual designs.
Results graphic with design ratio
D
R
esults table for governing
internal forces
P
specifications
Steel
V
x-location or load cases, groups
and combinations
27
Steel
RF-/FE-LTB
Lateral Torsional Buckling Design According to FE Method
The add-on module RF-/FE-LTB is
used to detach planar sub-structures from spatial RSTAB/RFEM
models to calculate them according to the second-order analysis
for torsional buckling considering
warping. The geometrical, support
and load data is imported to
RF-/FE-LTB automatically. The module allows for further input specific
for lateral torsional buckling.
Features
S
tress design el-el with warping
torsion
S
lateral torsional buckling of buckled
planar continuous members
D
etermination of critical load factor and hence Mcr, Ncr (if applicable,
these values can also be used for
the el-pl design in RF-/LTB)
L ateral torsional buckling design

for thin-walled cross-sections
(also SHAPE-sections)
28
A
nalysis of members and sets of
members with applied torsion
(e.g. crane runway girder)
O
ption to determine the factor for
ultimate load capacity
D
isplay of torsional and eigenmodes on the rendered cross-section
P
owerful tools for determining shear panels and rotational
restraints, e.g. from corrugated
sheets, purlins, bracings
C
omfortable determination of
discrete springs like warp springs
from end plates or rotational
springs from columns
G
raphical selection of load application point on cross-section
F ree arrangement of eccentric nodal
and line supports on cross-section
D
etermination of values for inclination and precamber
Stress ratio of a tapered cantilever
When modeling, lateral supports defined as nodal supports, shear panels

or rotational restraints can be applied. To determine the spring stiffnesses, powerful tools are available
so that you dont have to look up
buckling curves or properties of corrugated sheets.
Subsequent to the calculation, deformations, internal and support

forces as well as stresses are displayed. As the warping torsion is considered, you also get information
about the distribution of warping bimoments as well as primary and secondary torsional moments.
The load application points can be

freely defined on the cross-section.
When imperfections are taken into
account, you can select the systems
governing eigenmode graphically.
The cross-sections torsions are clearly visible in the rendered model.
Imperfections are taken into account

for stability analyses. In addition,
the critical load factor is determined
which can be used to calculate Mcr
and Ncr.
All additional data relevant to lateral

torsional buckling can be determined
conforming to standards by using
comfortable input tools.
RF-/FE-LTB allows for the management

of varied designs in different design
cases. In this way, you can calculate,
for example, the ultimate load capacity with stress limitation before a
system failure occurs.
Determination of tension fields and rotational

restraints
Determination of
warp spring
RF-/PLATE-BUCKLING
RF-/PLATE-BUCKLING is used to
perform the plate buckling design
for rectangular plates according to
EN 1993-1-5 and DIN 18800-3. The
plates canbe reinforced by horizontal or vertical stiffeners. The load
on the plates edges can be userdefined as well as imported from
RSTAB/RFEM.
The plate buckling analysis always
takes into account the entire panel
because in this way the existing stiffeners are considered in the FE model.
Thus, you can do without a design
for single (c/t) parts or buckling panel
sections.
Input of boundary stresses with load import option
First, material data, panel dimensions

and boundary conditions are defined.
Options to import data from RSTAB
or RFEM are available. Then, boundary stresses can be defined for each
load case either manually or imported
from RSTAB/RFEM.
Features
Import of internal forces from
RSTAB/RFEM by selecting number
of members and buckling panels
including determination of governing boundary stresses
S
ummary of stresses in load cases
with determination of governing
load case
Stiffeners are modeled as spatially

effective surface elements that are
eccentrically connected to the plate.
The bending, shear, strain and
St. Venant stiffness (or Bredt stiffness
for closed stiffeners) of these stiffeners is considered automatically due
to the use of the real 3D model.
Analyses are carried out successively
by calculating the eigenvalues of the
The buckling panel is discretized in

finite quadrilateral or, if necessary,
triangular elements. Each node of an
element has six degrees of freedom.
Subsequent to the FE calculation, the
results are displayed for every load
case in detail. The graphic of the
buckling mode facilitates the results
evaluation.
Import of stiffeners from a comprehensive library: flat plate and bulb

flat steel, angle, rolled sections L, T
and C as well as trapezoidal
stiffener
D
etermination of effective widths
according to EN 1993-1-5 and
DIN 18800-3
B
uckling effects according to
DIN 18800 part 3, eq. (13) are
optionally taken into account.
P
hoto-realistic representation of
buckling panel together with stiffeners, stress conditions and buckling
modes including animation
Then, RF-/PLATE-BUCKLING determines slenderness and reduction

factors according to EN 1993-1-5
or DIN 18800, part 3, table 1. Thus,
designs are performed according to
EN 1993-1-5, chap. 10 or DIN 18800
part 3, eq. (9), (10) or (14).
Graphic of buckling mode
Input of T-stiffener
Steel
Import of panel and loading
ideal buckling values for the individual stress conditions as well as the
buckling value for the simultaneous
effectiveness of all stress components. To determine the buckling behavior similar to buckling members,
the eigenvalues of the ideal c/t parts
buckling values are calculated with
longitudinal panel sides assumed to
be free.
Plate Buckling Analysis of Stiffened Plates
29
Concrete
RF-/CONCRETE
Linear and Non-linear Analysis for Cross-sections of Reinforced Concrete with
Reinforcement Concept
CONCRETE or RF-CONCRETE
Members are RSTAB or RFEM addon modules used for reinforced
concrete design of member elements. The design is carried out
for uni- and biaxial bend-ing with
axial force as well as shear and torsion according to the following
standards:
Eurocode 2 (EN 1992-1-1)*)
DIN 1045*)
SIA 262*)
ACI 318-11*)
GB 50010*)
*) corresponding standard extension
required
Reinforcement in 3D rendering
tions of cracking sections). For

RFEM available with add-on module
RF-CONCRETE NL
Design of tapered members

L imitation of crack widths for ser-viceability
Reinforcement in 3D rendering
30
Features
import of all design relevant information
D
etermination of longitudinal,
shear and torsional reinforcement
R
epresentation of minimum and
compression reinforcement
O
ption to specify secondary and
minimum longitudinal reinforcement
Free selection of concrete cover
O
ptional settings for partial safety
and reduction factors, neutral axis
depth limitation and material properties
S
hear design by using default method or variable inclination of concrete strut
D
etermination of neutral axis
depth, concrete and steel strains
C
onsideration of biaxial compres-sion stresses
Iterative non-linear design considering cracked section for stiffness

and appropriate redistribution of
moments (Eurocode 2, DIN 1045)
Considering creep and shrinkage
C
onsidering tension stiffening effects of concrete
E
xplanation of possible reasons for
failed design
N
on-linear determination of defor
mations in cracked state (deflec
Design process
After opening the program, you define the standard or method according to which the design is carried
out. The ultimate and serviceability limit state can be designed according
to the linear as well as the non-linear calculation theory. The load cases,
groups and combinations are then
assigned to the different types of calculation.
Reinforcement proposal for longitudinal reinforcement
allows for useful checking and documentation options when creating reinforcement drawings including steel
schedule.
With the selected reinforcement, the
crack width analysis is carried out for
the internal forces governing in the
serviceability limit state. The results
output includes steel stresses, minimum reinforcement, limit diameters,
maximum bar spacings as well as
crack spacings and crack widths.
Reinforcement group with specifications for longitudinal reinforcement
The geometry of supports is determined by design relevant data like

support widths and types (direct or
indirect, monolithic, end or intermediate support), redistribution of moments and moment as well as shear
force reduction.
The final table consisting of several
tabs is provided to enter specific reinforcement data as diameters, concrete
cover and curtailment type, number
of layers, cuts of links and type of anchorage. Members or sets of members can be summarized in special
reinforcement groups, each defined
by different design parameters.
Subsequent to the design, CONCRETE

lists the results of the required reinforcement in clearly arranged tables.
For traceability purposes, all intermediate values are displayed, too. In addition, the cross-sections strains and
stresses are represented graphically.
Reinforcement proposals are documented in the same way, with tables
including sketches ready for use. The
suggested reinforcement can be modified by adjusting, for example, the
number of rebars or the anchor-age.
All modifications will be updated automatically.
CONCRETE provides a 3D rendering
visualization of the concrete crosssection including reinforcement. This
Moments linear and non-linear
As a result of the non-linear calculation, you get ultimate limit states for
the cross-section with the defined reinforcement (determined linear elastically) as well as the members effective deflections considering stiffnesses in cracked state.
Reinforcement in x-locations with intermediate results
Concrete
Further input tables are available for

defining material and cross-sections.
In addition, you can assign the parameters for creep and shrinkage.
Depending on the age of concrete,
the modulus of creep and the coefficient of shrinkage will be adjusted
immediately.
The reinforcement layout can be defined top-bottom, uniformly surrounding, in corners or as symmetrical distribution. Furthermore, it
is possible to specify minimum and
corner reinforcement, secondary reinforcement and limits for crack
widths. Checking the preset standard
specifications completes the input.
31
Concrete
RF-CONCRETE
Reinforced Concrete Design for Plates, Walls, Shells and Members
The add-on module RF-CONCRETE
used for the design of reinforced
concrete with the main program
RFEM consists of two parts:
RF-CONCRETE Surfaces allows for
the design of surface and shell
elements. RF-CONCRETE Members
is used for the design of member
elements. The design for members
has already been described for
RF-/CONCRETE.
Due to the modules integration into
the RFEM user interface, you can pass
smoothly from the FE analysis to the
reinforced concrete design. The design
for bending and axial force as well as
shear and torsion is carried out according to the following standards:
Eurocode 2 (EN 1992-1-1)*)
DIN 1045*)
SIA 262*)
ACI 318-11*)
GB 50010*)
*) corresponding standard extensions
required
Features
32
Import of relevant information and

results from RFEM
Complete and reasonable presetting
of input parameters
Consideration of relevant code
requirements with control options
Free definition of reinforcement
layers (2 or 3 layers)
Independent reinforcement on both
surface sides
Option to use basic reinforcements
for top and bottom layers
Design variety to avoid compression
or shear reinforcement
Design with design moments at
column edges
Tabular output in freely selectable
grid points with description of nondesignable elements
Numerical result values can be added to graphical design results on
RFEM model
Analytical serviceability limit state
design
Deflection and crack width analysis
in cracked state (state II) with addon module RF-CONCRETE NL (surcharge required)
Analytical design of surface
deflections with add-on module
RF-CONCRETE Deflect
Definition of reinforcement layout in two different reinforcement groups
After selecting the standard and load

cases as well as the material for concrete and reinforced concrete, the relevant design parameters are defined
by surface. Reinforcement ratios, reinforcement layout and standard settings can be assigned in detail.
In case the program detects some
non-designable locations during the
design, it displays the reason for it.
In this way it is possible to carry out
specific modifications to the model
or the design specifications.
Due to the vectorial representation of

main stress directions you can adjust
the third reinforcement layer to the
actions in an optimal way.
The results are displayed graphically as isolines, isosurfaces or numerical values. Areas covered by the basic reinforcement can be set inactive
so that only the additional reinforcement is shown.
The isolines can be exported as DXF
file and reused in CAD programs
where they provide the basis for reinforcement drawings.
Representation of reinforcement in sections and isosurfaces
Reinforced Concrete Design According to Model Column Method

(Based on Nominal Curvature)
This RSTAB/RFEM add-on moduleis
used for the flexural buckling as
well as the fire resistance design for
rectangular or circular compression
elements according to the model
column method (method based on
nominal curvature).
The design is carried out according to:
Eurocode 2 (EN 1992-1-1)*)
DIN 1045*)
*) corresponding standard extension
required
Features
import of geometry and load case
data
Creep is considered
D
iagram based determination of
buckling lengths and slenderness
from the restraint ratios of columns
A
utomatic determination of ordinary and unintentional as well as
additionally available eccentricity
according to second-order analysis
D
esign of monolithic constructions
and precast parts
Analysis for common design
D
etermination of internal forces according to the linear static and the
second-order analysis
A
nalysis of decisive designed locations along the column due to
existing load
O
utput of required longitudinal and
link reinforcement
Specifications for fire resistance design
First, you enter the columns and load

cases relevant for the ultimate limit
state design and, if necessary, the
creep-producing permanent load.
The materials and cross-sections
defined in RSTAB/RFEM are already
preset.
The specifications for the reinforcement and its layout as well as the
boundary conditions for the fire resistance design are entered in a special table consisting of several tabs.
Finally, you define the parameters
of the model columns (e.g. buckling
risks, displacement of system, equivalent height, end of column).

Subsequent to the design, the design
results are clearly arranged showing
all result details. In addition to the
required longitudinal and shear reinforcement, the output includes a reinforcement concept that can be adjusted.
RF-/CONCRETE Columns
The columns including their reinfor

cement can be visualized in the 3D
rendering as well as in the work window of RSTAB or RFEM.
Graphical representation of results in the work window with connection to tables
F ire protection design according to

EN 1992-1-2
R
einforcement concept with graphic display in 3D rendering for longitudinal and link reinforcement
O
ption to dimension longitudinal
reinforcement for fire resistance
design
S
ummary of design ratios with option to access all design details
G
raphical representation of impor
tant design details in RSTAB or
RFEM work window
Concrete
Output of design safety
33
Concrete
RF-PUNCH
Design of Punching Shear Resistance
The RFEM add-on module RF-PUNCH
is used for the design of punching
shear resistance for surfaces
supported by columns or nodal
supports. The governing punching
load is automatically determined
from the existing load.
RF-PUNCH allows for a quick punching shear design without entering
lots of data. The following standards
are available:
Eurocode 2 (EN 1992-1-1)*)
DIN 1045*)
*) c orresponding standard extension
required
Concentrated loads represent another
possibility to apply punching loads to
a plate.
Input
After opening the module, the materials and surface thicknesses defined
in RFEM are already preset. If necessary, missing nodes can be selected
manually or graphically.
34
Openings near areas bearing the risk

of punching shear are either known
from the RFEM model or can be specified additionally in RF-PUNCH so
that the models stiffness wont be
affected. These openings can be defined in the surface graphically as
rectangular or circular sections.
As parameters of the longitudinal reinforcement, the number and direction
of layers as well as the concrete cover
are defined by surface, separately for
the plates top and bottom sides.
Detailed specifications for the nodes
of punching shear complete the data
input, e.g. applicable perimeters, longitudinal or punching shear reinforcement. For reasons of clarity, the
program always shows the surface
including the relevant node in the
info graphic.
In addition, you have access to the
design software of HALFEN-DEHA
(HDB), a German producer of shear
rails.
Input of details for nodes of punching shear with overview graphic
Designs
The punching shear designs are clearly arranged and represented with all
result details in order to guarantee
traceability. RF-PUNCH shows the governing punching loads, the existing and allowable shear stresses for
the plates design shear resistance as
well as the different sections and reinforcement ratios. If required, a description is indicated.
In another output table, the program
lists the required longitudinal and
punching shear reinforcements for

each analyzed node.
As RF-PUNCH is integrated in RFEM,
further nodes of punching shear are
known in the surface. Therefore it is
possible to carry out an interference
check of the determined sections
with the sections of the adjacent
columns.
Finally all design results in the RFEM
work window are available for graphical evaluation.
Representation of required punching shear reinforcement in RFEM work window
Single, Bucket and Plate Foundations According to

Eurocode 2 and Eurocode 7
The add-on module
RF-/FOUNDATION Pro is used to design single, bucket and plate foundations for all support forces of
an RSTAB or RFEM model according to EN 1992-1-1 and EN 1997-1.
The following foundation types are
available:
Foundation plate
B
ucket foundation with smooth bucket sides
B
ucket foundation with rough bucket sides
Single foundation with rough sides
In addition to the support forces

from RSTAB/RFEM, the program allows for specifying loads to be integrated into the foundations design.
These are the following:
C
onstant surface load, e.g. due to
earth covering
U
nfavorable constant surface load,
e.g. due to traffic
S
ubsoil water level for considering
buoyancy
V
ertical and horizontal single loads
in any place on the foundation
plate
C
onstant line loads with free ar
rangement on the plate
Designs
The following designs are possible:
Safety against lifting
Safety against ground failure
Static equilibrium analysis
L oad eccentricity desgin (lateral
buckling)
Safety against sliding
S
afety against bending failure of
foundation plate
Governing design criteria
Safety against punching

A
nalysis of concrete compressive
stress in bucket walls
O
verlapping length of vertical bucket reinforcement with reinforcement of columns
RF-/FOUNDATION Pro provides a
reinforcement proposal for the upper and lower plate reinforcement.
The program automatically finds the
most favorable reinforcement combination of a mat and added rebars.
If required, these bars will be distributed by curtailment across two reinforcement areas.
The foundations dimensioning can

be controlled by parameters.
The calculation results are documen
ted in tables and graphics. The reinforcement drawings include sections
and may be submitted to test engineers. All intermediate results are
traceable and can be displayed, if
desired.
The complete foundation including
reinforcement and column can be
visualized in the 3D rendering.
The reinforcement concept can then

be adjusted individually:
Select a different mat
S
elect a different diameter or spac
ing for an added rebar
F ree selection of width for reinfor
cement areas
Individual curtailment of reinforcements
Reinforcement drawing
Reinforcement of foundation in 3D rendering
In addition, the foundation outline

can be represented in the RSTAB/
RFEM model. This allows for a quick
overview about the foundations
orientation and their positions in the
model.
Concrete
The column can be placed either centrically or eccentrically. For assign

ing foundations, it is possible to select the support nodes graphically in
RSTAB/RFEM. When the load cases required for the design are defined, the
governing load will be determined
automatically.
RF-/FOUNDATION Pro
35
Concrete
RF-TENDON / RF-TENDON Design

Prestressed Concrete Design According to EN 1992-1-1 and EN 1992-2
With the external add-on modu
les RF-TENDON and RF-TENDON
Design you can calculate members consisting of pre-tensioned
and bonded post-tensioned concrete according to EN 1992-1-1
(Concrete Structures) and EN 1992-2
(Concrete Bridges).
RF-TENDON
Use this module to define tendons in
prestressed concrete members.
The program provides the following
features:
Import of cross-sections and materials from RFEM
Input of straight and parabolic tendons, layout definition for prestressing steel
A
utomatic calculation of pre-stressing forces and equivalent member loads
E
xport of equivalent prestressing
forces to RFEM
36
T
aking into account immediate loss
of prestressing stress due to friction,
anchorage set, relaxation, elastic
deformation of concrete etc.
A
utomatic cross-section check in
background or fully interactive in
graphical user environment
C
lear representation of tendon layout in 3D rendering
Equivalent loads in RF-TENDON
Visualization of tendon layout in RF-TENDON
P
rintout or RTF export of results is
possible
S
etting options for displayed
parameters and units (metric
or imperial, decimal places etc.)
RF-TENDON Design
With RF-TENDON Design you perform
the design process for prestressed
concrete members according
to EN 1992-1-1 and EN 1992-2,
based on the results calculated in

RF-TENDON and RFEM. The following
features are provided:
Clear data overview in input tables
D
esign for axial force, biaxial bending, shear, torsion and combined
internal forces
U
ltimate and serviceability limit
state design for relevant design
situations
O
ptional design in section selected
by the user or automatically
generated
C
omfortable automatic or manual
input of additional nonprestressed
reinforcement
C
lear specification of exposure
classes
O
ptional user-defined input of
factor for creeping
D
D
escriptive graphics in printout
report
Results Output
The results are displayed in clearly
arranged results tables. You can
select the designs and the design
extent that you want to print into
the printout report.
Graphics integrated in the report
help to understand the output
shown and listed in the tables.
Finally, you can print the report or
export it in an RTF file.
Cross-section with reinforcement in RF-TENDON Design
Working with the Add-on

Modules
After defining the structure, load
cases (load case for prestress without
loading) and load groups in RFEM,
you define the tendons in RF-TENDON.
The database offers you a variety of
prestressing steels for selection. You
can define straight and parabolic
tendons automatically as well as manually. The load cases and groups are
allocated to time intervals.
When you open RF-TENDON Design,

all data determined so far is imported.
In addition to the already defined
pre-stressed concrete reinforcement, you can specify non-prestressed longitudinal and shear reinforcements, automatically or manually. Then, RF-TENDON Design designs
the prestressed concrete members
according to EN 1992-1-1, optionally
according to EN 1992-2. You can carry out all general designs and check
if the reinforcement rules according
to Eurocode 2 are observed.
Printout Report of RF-TENDON Design
Construction stages in RF-TENDON
Finally, RF-TENDON calculates the

prestressing forces which are then
transferred automatically to RFEM
where the internal forces are determined by the main program.
Concrete
Serviceability Limit State (Crack Width) in RF-TENDON Design
37
Timber
RF-/TIMBER Pro
Design According to Eurocode 5, DIN 1052 and SIA 265
The add-on module RF-/TIMBER
Pro is used for the ultimate and
serviceability limit state design
according to EN 1995-1-1,
DIN 1052:2008-12 and SIA 265:2012.
The fire resistance design according to EN 1995-1-2, DIN 4102-4/A1
and SIA 265 is also available.
Features
and internal forces
C
omprehensive material libraries
according to EN 1995-1-1,
DIN 1052 annex F and SIA 265
D
esign of user-defined composite
cross-sections (hybrid)
S
pecific assignment of structure to
service classes and classification of
actions into load duration classes
D
members as well as member lists
for deformation analysis
38
S
tability analysis according to
equivalent member method or
second-order analysis
D
etermination of governing
internal forces
Selection of members, loads and design method
After opening the module, you define the members or sets of members
that you want to design by manual
entries or by selecting them graphically. Then you choose the relevant
load cases, groups or combinations
for the ultimate and the serviceability
limit state design as well as the fire
resistance design.
erties listed in DIN 1052 annex F are

stored in the library.
After checking the cross-sections,
you assign the load duration classes
(LDC) and the service classes (SECL).
They can be assigned by load case or
member.
If the stability analysis is carried out
according to the equivalent member method, the effective lengths for
members and sets of members must
Info icon for successful or failed

design
The materials defined in RSTAB/RFEM

are already preset but can be adjusted in the module. The material prop-
V
isualization of design criteria in
RSTAB/RFEM model
Graphic of structure and stress ratio of selected members
C
olored reference scales in results
tables
S
ynchronization of tables and
RSTAB/RFEM work window when
selecting current member graphically
V
in RSTAB/RFEM
Optimization of cross-sections
T
to RSTAB/RFEM
Parts list and quantity surveying
D
irect data export to MS Excel or
OpenOffice.org Calc
For the deformation analysis, the refe

rence lengths of the relevant members
and sets of members must be specified, considering direction of displacement, precamber and beam type.
For the fire resistance design,
RF-/TIMBER Pro allows for detailed
specifications like the determination
of cross-section sides where charring
occurs.
Designs by load case: ultimate limit state, serviceability limit state, fire protection
Detailed specifications for the design
Subsequent to the successful design, the results are displayed in detail. Every intermediate value can be
represented, which makes the design
more transparent. The results are listed by load case, cross-section, member or set of members.
If the analysis fails, the relevant
cross-sections can be modified in an
optimization process. The optimized
cross-sections can be transferred to
RSTAB/RFEM to calculate them again.
When designing the cross-section

resistance, RF-/TIMBER Pro analyzes ten-sion and compression along
the grain, bending, bending and tension/compression as well as shear
due to shear force with and without
torsion. The analysis is carried out
with the stresses design values.
For the serviceability limit state design, the program considers axial
compression, bending with and without compressive force as well as
bending and tension. Furthermore,
the deflection in the characteristic
and quasi-permanent design situa-
tions is determined for beams and

cantilevers.
Separate RF-/TIMBER design cases
allow for a flexible analysis of specific members, sets of members and actions as well as for individual stability
checks.
be defined. The buckling lengths that

are preset with the member lengths
can be adjusted directly or by means
of b.
In addition to the input and results

data including design details displayed in tables, all graphics of
stress ratios can be integrated into
the global printout report of RSTAB/
RFEM. In this way a comprehensible
and clearly arranged documentation
is guaranteed.
Optimization parameters
The stress ratio is represented by

different colors in the RSTAB/RFEM
model so that oversized or crucial
areas of the structure can bere
cognized immediately. In addition,
the result diagrams for the member
or set of members allow for a specific
evaluation.
Timber
Printout report with graphic and designs
39
Timber
RF-/TIMBER AWC
Timber Design According to ANSI/AWC NDS-2012
The add-on module RF-/TIMBER AWC
performs designs for the ultimate
and the serviceability limit state
as well as fire protection for timber members and member sets according to the American Standard
ANSI/AWC NDS-2012. The program
includes the analysis methods according to the:
L oad and Resistance Factor Design
(LRFD)
Allowable Stress Design (ASD)
Features
and internal forces
D
esign of members and continuous
S
tability analyses for buckling and
lateral-torsional buckling according
to the equivalent member method
or second-order analysis
S
limitation of deflections
40
F ree setting of charring time and

charring rates as well as free choice
of charring sides for the design in
case of fire
M
aterial database and cross-section library based on the extension
for ANSI/AWC NDS-2012 including
stored adjustment factors
U
ser-defined input of rectangular
and circular cross-sections
O
ptimization of cross-sections with
O
ptional import of buckling lengths
from add-on modules RSBUCK or
RF-STABILITY
D
V
arious options to filter and arrange results, including results listed by member, cross-section, x-location or load case, load combination and result combination
Design results sorted by members
Consideration of temperature
influences and wood moisture
conditions
Visualization of design criterion
on RSTAB/RFEM model
3D rendering with design ratio
Design-relevant parameters such as

time of load duration in case of fire,
limit deflection, member slendernesses can be adjusted as desired.
In addition to input and results data
including design details displayed in
tables, it is possible to integrate any
graphic into the printout report.
RF-/TIMBER CSA
Timber Design According to CSA 086-09
The add-on module RF-/TIMBER CSA
performs the ultimate and the serviceability limit state design for
members and sets of members according to the Canadian Standard
CSA 086-09. The program includes
the analysis method according to
the:
Limit States Design (LSD)
Features
Full integration in RSTAB/RFEM with
and internal forces
Design of members and continuous
Serviceability limit state design by

limitation of deflections
Canadian material and cross-section
library
User-defined input of rectangular
and circular cross-sections
Optimization of cross-sections with
Optional import of buckling lengths
from add-on modules RSBUCK or
RF-STABILITY
V
member, cross-section, x-location or
load case, load combination and result combination
Consideration of wood moisture
conditions
Design criterion visualized on
RSTAB/RFEM model
Representation of design results sorted by cross-section
Working with RF-/TIMBER CSA

First, you define the members/member sets, load cases, load combinations or result combinations that you
want to take into account for the designs of the ultimate as well as the
serviceability limit state.
Design-relevant parameters such as
the stability analysis type, member
slendernesses and limit deflections

can be adjusted as desired.
Then, you assign the load duration
classes (LDC), the service conditions,
and the timber treatment for the
cross-sections to be designed.
In addition to input and results data
including design details displayed in
tables, it is possible to integrate any
graphic into the printout report.
3D rendering with design ratio
Timber
Stability analyses for buckling and

lateral-torsional buckling according
to the equivalent member method
or second-order analysis
41
Tower
RF-/TOWER
Generating Lattice Towers with Equipment and Loading and Design
According to Eurocode
Take advantage of the five
powerful add-on modules for
RSTAB or RFEM to model complex
lattice tower structures including
equipment and loading:
F-/TOWER
R
RF-/TOWER
RF-/TOWER
RF-/TOWER
RF-/TOWER
Structure
Equipment
Loading
Effective Lengths
Design
Each of the modules has a clear

structure and can be used intuitively.
Input of tower segments with interactive graphic
Library of parameterized bracings
42
RF-/TOWER Structure
The basic module represents an innovative tool for generating 3D tower
structures being rather complex in
their geometry. Furthermore, you can
use this module to adjust already
existing structures comfortably.
Features
G
eneration of triangular, rectangular or square towers
Access to the comprehensive material and cross-section libraries from
RSTAB or RFEM
Easy geometry input by means of
tower segments
Databases for vertical, horizontal
and inner bracings
Easy export of generated model
data to RSTAB/RFEM
First, define the tower type and the
cross-sections that you want to use.
Then, enter the tower geometry by
specifying the tower segments.

It is possible to define the slopes via
widths or width changes.
When the tower model has been
When you have entered the tower

poles, you can define various stiffenings for the lattice tower. The program provides detailed specifications
for horizontal girts and bracings as
well as for vertical bracings of towers
having non-identical sides. A comprehensive library with various types of
bracings facilitates the input.
output table. The output includes all
Each input table shows an interactive

graphic that makes entering the model easier.
tower (geometry, cross-sections) to
Definition of vertical bracings
completely generated, the module

displays all data in a clearly arranged
specifications concerning member releases and buckling lengths. To check
the data graphically, you can use
the Viewer function providing a full
screen display.
Finally, it is possible to transfer the
generated model data of the lattice
RSTAB or RFEM by mouse click.
Towers are used as supporting structures for transmitting antennas and

further equipment such as platforms,
ladders and cable lines that must be
taken into account for the design.
With this add-on module you can
create transmitter towers including
all required equipment in no time.
Features
Generation of inside and outside
platforms using a comprehensive library with adjustment options due
to parametrization
Antenna groups for evaluation ac

cording to mobile network opera
tors
Selection of different antennas
based on databases: parabolic,
lense, shell, compact and cuboidal
antennas
Parameterized input of inner ducts,
cable lines and ladders with interactive graphic
The various equipment elements are
defined in the respective input tables.
Extendable libraries and interactive
graphics help you to enter the data.
Finally, it is possible to transfer all
equipment that is structurally effective to RSTAB or RFEM easily.
Specification of antennas from operator library with interactive graphic
RF-/TOWER Loading
Features
Using this add-on module, you can

create design relevant actions for
RSTAB or RFEM. When generating
the load, the program considers the
towers structural data and equipment that have been previously defined.
A
utomatic consideration of the
towers self-weight including equipment
The module covers all requirements ac

cording to EN 1993-3-1, EN 1991-1-4,
DIN 1055 and DIN V 4131 for selfweight, wind, human, ice and traffic
loads. However, you can also create
individual load situations.
To export the generated loads to RSTAB
or RFEM, use the Export button.
Specifications for wind pressure and direction of wind loads
Specifications for ice loads
S
pecification of wind load distribution for windward and leeward tower faces, or user-defined distribution
D
etermination of wind loads applied to tower and equipment especially for structures prone to vibration (gust factor)
O
ption to reduce total wind load by
selecting single objects
D
etermination of ice loads for icing
classes G and R with automatic
specification of ice thickness and
length of unidirectional ice increase
G
eneration of traffic load cases
with surface and human loads
Tower
Libraries for tubular extensions and

antenna brackets as 2D and 3D
constructions placed on selected
objects
RF-/TOWER Equipment
43
Tower
RF-/TOWER Effective
Lengths
The add-on module RF-/TOWER
Effective Lengths determines the
buckling lengths of members used in
lattice towers with square, rectangular or triangular floor plans.
When entering data the program
considers user-created lattice towers
generated in the main programs
RSTAB and RFEM as well as lattice
towers from the add-on modules
RF-/TOWER Structure and RF-/TOWER
Equipment. Subsequent to the
determination of the effective
lengths you can export them to the
add-on module RF-/TOWER Design
for further use.
Input and Detail Settings
44
The tower type, the equipment

number as well as the member
assignment in the individual
categories are defined with the
general data settings. For lattice
towers defined in the add-on
modules RF-/TOWER Structure
and/or RF-/TOWER Equipment the
program performs the assignment
automatically.
With the detailed settings you can
control the nodal restraints of the
single bracing types. For example it is
Output of buckling lengths for truss girders
possible to define intersection points

of horizontal and vertical bracings to
be supported in such a way that they
cannot deflect in perpendicular direc
tion to the bracing plane.
RF-/TOWER Design
Results
Relevant input from the add-on mod

ules RF-/TOWER Structure, RF-/TOWER
Equipment, RF-/TOWER Loading and
RF-/TOWER Effective Lengths are taken into account for the design.
After the generation RF-/TOWER

Effective Lengths shows the effective
lengths in clearly-arranged results
tables. It is possible to modify single
buckling lengths manually in the
tables. The effective lengths can be
exported to the add-on module
RF-/TOWER Design for further work
by using the export function.
With the add-on module RF-/TOWER

Design you can design lattice
towers according to EN 1993-1-1,
EN 1993-3-1 and EN 50341.
Features
A
D
esign of triangular and quadrilate
ral lattice towers
P
arameters of national annexes
(NAs) integrated for the following
countries: Germany, United King
dom, Czech Republic, Denmark,
Netherlands, France and Poland
F lexural buckling analysis of truss
girders on the basis of effective
slenderness ratio, considering bracings and support conditions
D
esign of equipment, for example
platforms according to EN-1993-1-1
O
utput of parts list
C
reation of printout report pre
pared for test engineers
Results output for designs sorted by cross-sections
The results are shown in clearlyarranged module tables. In addition

to the design results the output includes all design-relevant parameters.
Finally, it is possible to export the results to a spreadsheet program.
RF-GLASS
Design of Planar and Curved Glass Surfaces
The add-on module RF-GLASS facilitates the deflection analysis and
stress design for laminated or insulated glass. As this module is integrated in RFEM, many functions
can be shared.
RF-GLASS allows for analyzing the
following glazing types:
T
empered or laminated safety glass
with layer structure
Insulating glass consisting of single panes or laminated safety glass
with enclosed gas layer
Input of climatic load parameters
Layer Structure and Materials

The pane structure can be defined
freely. You can select between three
layer types: glass, foil and gas. The
program includes a comprehensive
library with all common types of
glass, laminated material and gases
according to DIN 18008-1:2010-12,
TRLV:2006-08 and E DIN EN 13474.
Definition of glass and gas layers for insulating glass
pal axis orientations are displayed for

each glass layer at top and bottom
sides.
subdivided in summer loads (temper-
Climatic Loads
ting) and winter loads (external glass
For insulating glass you can consider

climatic load parameters. They are
side, load distribution on external
ature, atmospheric pressure and altitude for manufacturing and moun-
and internal glass sides).
It is possible to edit the materials

thickness as well as its parameters.
For panes consisting of laminated
glass, you can consider the
laminating foils shear capacity.
Design
Insulating glazings with gas layers

are represented by special solids.
They are calculated by iterations
according to the large deformation
analysis (Newton-Raphson).
Subsequent to the calculation, the
displacements, stresses and princi-
Results: Stresses in glass layers
Glass
Panes of tempered and laminated safety glass without gas layer can be
designed linearly (linear static analysis) or non-linearly (large deformation analysis).
45
RF-/FRAME-JOINT Pro
Frame Joints for Frames According to
Eurocode 3 and DIN 18800
Features
D
esign of knee joints, T-joints, cross
joints and connections with continuous columns and I-shaped crosssections
Import of geometrical and load
data from RSTAB/RFEM or manual
specification of connection (for
example for recalculating without
available RSTAB/RFEM model)
F lush top connections or connections with bolt row in extension
D
esign for positive and negative
frame joint moments
D
ifferent inclinations for horizontal
beams right and left as well as
application to frames of duopitch
and monopitch roofs
T
aking into account additional
flanges in horizontal beam, for
example for cross-sections with
tapering
S
ymmetrical and asymmetrical
T-joints or cross joints
Connections
thicknesses, welds, bolt spacings

and all dimensions required for
construction
In RSTAB/RFEM you select the

node that you want to design. All
connected members are recognized
automatically and the connection
Working with
RF-/FRAME-JOINT Pro
type is assigned. Then, depending on
With RF-/FRAME-JOINT Pro you can
ther details for ribs, backing plates,
dimension and design connections
web plates, bolts, welds and hole
A
utomatic suggestion of bolt layout
and required stiffenings
for structures calculated in RSTAB/
spacings by further input options.
RFEM. If no RSTAB/RFEM model is
The loads are entered by selecting
O
ptional design mode with possibility to specify all bolt spacings,
welds and sheet thicknesses
available, you can enter geometry
the load cases, groups and combina-
and loading also by manual defini-
tions from RSTAB/RFEM. If you work
tions, for example to check external
in the preliminary design mode,
C
hecking the screwability with
adjustable dimensions of used
wrenches
calculations.
RF-/FRAME-JOINT Pro will suggest ap-
C
onnection on both sides with
different cross-section depth right
and left
46
C
lassification of connection by stiffness with calculating the connections spring stiffness to take it into
account for calculation of internal
forces
C
hecking up to 45 individual designs (components) of connection
A
utomatic determination of govern
ing internal forces for each single
design
C
ontrolling graphical output of
connection in rendering mode with
specifications of material, sheet
the connection type, you define fur-
Input table for bolt data and welds of end-plate of horizontal beam
Results Output
First, the governing designs for column and horizontal beam are shown
together with the connections geometry displayed in a table. In further results tables you can check all
important design details like lengths
of flow lines, load bearing capacity
of screws, stresses in welds or stiffnesses of connections. All connections are visualized in a 3D rendering
graphic. Dimensions, material properties and welds significant for the
connections construction are immediately displayed and can be included
in the printout.
Details for individual designs of horizontal beam, overview above and design details below
Further Features
Integrated and flexibly extendable
settings for national annexes
according to EN 1993-1-8
A
utomatic conversion of internal
forces from framework analysis
in respective design locations,
also in case of eccentric member
connections
Connections
propriate layouts after the first calculation run. When the relevant layout
is selected, the program shows all
designs both in detailed tables and
various graphics.
P
ossibility to update cross-section
depth of horizontal beam for taper
connections subsequent to optimization of connection geometry in
RF-/FRAME-JOINT Pro
A
utomatic determination of initial
stiffness Sj,ini of connection
D
etailed control of all dimensions
concerning plausibility including
specifications of input limits (for
example for edge distances and
hole spacings)
Construction data for end-plate
The connections can be represented graphically in the add-on module

RF-/FRAME-JOINT Pro or directly in
the RSTAB/RFEM model. All graphics
can be integrated in the RSTAB/RFEM
printout report or printed directly. An
optimal visual check is already possible in the design phase due to the results output that is true to scale.
Graphical output of connection in add-on

module FRAME-JOINT Pro
O
ptional introduction of compression forces into column by menas
of contact
Unsymmetric cross-joint in rendering
Visualization of connection in RSTAB/RFEM model
47
Connections
RF-/DSTV
Typified Connections in Steel Building Construction According to
Eurocde 3 and DIN 18800
The RSTAB or RFEM add-on module
RF-/DSTV (German Steel Construction
Association) designs moment resisting and pinned I-beam connections for members according
to the German guideline Typified
Connections in Steel Building
Construction.
You can design moment resisting
connections with flush and extended
end plate, coped connections as well
as pinned beam connections by using
end plates and angles.
The connections can be visualized efficiently in the rendering mode. The
program displays all required structural dimensions for end plates and
angles as well as the corresponding
hole arrangements.
Features
D
esign for moment resisting and
pinned connections of I-shaped rolled cross-sections according to either EN 1993-1-8 or DIN 18800 (types IH, IW, IS, IK and IG)
48
F lush and extended moment resisting connections with automatic dimensioning of required bolt sizes
(types IH1 to IH4)
O
ption to suggest possible column
cross-sections for moment resisting
connections
C
heck of required thickness of loadbearing member for shear connections
Indication of decisive reason for failure
O
utput of all required structural details such as appliances, hole arrangements, extensions, bolt number,
end plate dimensions and welds
O
utput of stiffnesses Sj,ini for bending-resistant connections
P
inned connections with normal
and long angles (types IW and IG)
P
inned connections by using end
plates with mounting either on web
only or on web and flange (type IS)
Selection of connection and assignment of member sides
O
ption to combine coped connections (IK) with pinned end plates
(IS) and web cleat connections (IW)
locations of the framework structure,

even if this is not required by an exact design for internal forces.
D
ocumentation of available loadings and comparison with resistance as well as indication of utilization
A
utomatic determination of governing internal forces for several load
cases and connection nodes
First, you decide whether you want
to design a moment resisting or a
pinned connection. The respective
member ends can be selected graphically in the RSTAB/RFEM model.
Then, the module imports the crosssections and material properties
and checks if they are applicable for
connections according to the DSTV
guidelines.
The program allows for structurally
similar connections on several
Connection with long angles
IH column connection
The designed connection is documented in the central RSTAB or RFEM

printout report. Depending on the
subject, the tabular printout is described by additional graphics in the
margin.
All rendered views including dimensions can be printed as draft for the
design engineer.
Ultimate Limit State of Welded Hollow Structural Section Connections

According to Eurocode 3
The RSTAB or RFEM add-on module
RF-/HSS is used to design planar and
spatial framework joints of steel
hollow sections. The connections
can be defined with round, square
or rectangular hollow sections.
Take advantage of RF-/HSS to carry out
the ultimate limit state design according to EN 1993-1-8:2005.
Features
Integration in RSTAB/RFEM with automatic geometry recognition and
transfer of internal forces
O
ption to define connection manually
Implemented steel grades:

S 235, S 275, S 355, S 420, S 450
and S 460
S
election of available connection types according to standard speci-fications:
K, N, KT, DK, T, Y, X
S
election of partial safety factors
according to national annex for
Germany, Austria, Czech Republic,
Slovakia, Poland, Slovenia, Switzerland or Denmark
A
djustable angles between struts
and chord members
O
ptional chord rotation by 90 for
rectangular hollow sections
P
ossibility to consider gap between
struts or overlap of struts
O
ption to consider additional nodal force
C
onnection design as maximum ultimate limit state of a truss struts
for axial forces and bending moments
Specification of general geometry and connection parameters
The connection nodes can be selected graphically in the RSTAB or

RFEM model. The relevant data for
cross-sections and geometry will be
imported automatically. It is also possible to define the parameters of the
hollow section connection manually.
If required, you can adjust the crosssections in the module. The preset angles between struts and chord
member can be modified as well. The
geometric relation of the struts to
each other is important for the appropriate selection of the design. This
relation is defined by specifying a
Results with detail designs
gap between the struts or an overlap

of the struts themselves. The verification of the applicable geometric conditions represents the basis for a successful structural design.
The design includes detailed specifications concerning design internal
forces, validity limits and design conditions. They are also documented in
the global RSTAB or RFEM printout
report.
Separate design cases enable a flexible analysis of several structural components in complex systems.
Connections
C
omprehensive library providing tables of hollow sections for chords
and struts:
- Round pipes
- Square pipes
- Rectangular pipes
RF-/HSS
49
Connections
RF-/JOINTS
Design of Connections According to Eurocode
The add-on module RF-/JOINTS
designs connections according
to Eurocode.
RF-/JOINTS Steel - Column Base

With the add-on module
RF-/JOINTS Steel - Column Base you
can design footings of hinged and
restrained steel columns according
to EN 1993-1-8. For hinged column
bases four different base plate connections are provided:
C
olumn base plate without stiffeners
C
olumn base plate with stiffeners
in cavity
C
olumn base plate for rectangular
hollow sections
Column base plate for round pipes
Five different design types can be
selected for restrained footings:
C
olumn base plate without
stiffeners
Input table for anchors in JOINTS Steel - Column Base
shear key strength, concrete compression, failure of concrete edges,

friction, welds etc. in a clear overview.
C
olumn base plate with stiffeners in
center of flanges
C
olumn base plate with stiffeners
on both sides of column
C
olumn base plate with channel
profile stiffeners on both sides of
column including crossbars
50
RF-/JOINTS Steel - Tower
Bucket footing
The base plate is welded all around
the steel column for all connections.
Anchors are set in concrete within
the foundation. You can select
anchors of type M12 M42 with
steel grades of 4.6 10.9.
The top and bottom side of anchors
can be provided with round or angled
sheets for a better load distribution
or anchorage. In addition, you can
decide to use threaded bars or round
bars with threads applied at ends.
Material and thickness of the grout
joint as well as dimensions and ma
terial of the foundation can be set
freely. Furthermore, you can select
an edge reinforcement in the foun
dation.
For a better transfer of shear forces
you can arrange a shear key (cleat)
on the bottom side of the base plate.
Shear forces are introduced by either the cleat, anchors or friction. It
is also possible to combine two or
three of these components.
Connection visualized in RSTAB
Working with RF-/JOINTS

Steel - Column Base
First, enter the type of anchorage
into the first input table. Select also
the design standard. Then, in table
1.2, define the node where the footing anchorage is to be designed.
RF-/JOINTS Steel - Column Base will
import the node from RSTAB/RFEM.
Optionally, you can define a column
cross-section/material manually. In
the subsequent input tables, specify the parameters of the column base
such as base plate, anchor, shear key,
stiffeners etc. Loads are imported
from RFEM/RSTAB. When you define
the joint manually, you have to enter the loads yourself. After the calculation RF-/JOINTS shows you the required designs for base plate bending, tension/shear force of anchor,
Use RF-/JOINTS Steel - Tower do

design connections of lattice tower
members according to EN 1993-1-8.
You can choose among the following
connections:
B
olted connection of diagonals
without gusset plate 2D
B
olted connection of diagonals
without gusset plate 3D
Bolted column joint
You can work with T-, K- and KTjoints for the diagonal connections.
The add-on module RF-/JOINTS Steel
- Tower offers the following designs:
net section, hole bearing, shear and
sliding.
For optimal checks it is possible to
visualize clearly all connections that
have been generated in RF-/JOINTS
both in the add-on module and in
RFEM/RSTAB. Input data and results
of RF-/JOINTS are part of the RSTAB/
RFEM printout report where you can
easily define the amount for output
data.
RF-/LIMITS
Comparison of Results with Defined Limit States
RF-/LIMITS analyzes the load bearing capacity of members, member
ends, nodes, nodal supports and
surfaces (only RFEM) by means of
a defined ultimate load capacity.
Features
D
esign of member ends, members,
nodal supports, nodes and surfaces
(in RFEM)
C
onsideration of defined design
areas
Check of cross-section dimensions
D
esign according to EN 1995-1-1 +
DIN 1052 + DSTV DIN EN 1993-1-8
(standard for timber) with respective national annexes
O
ption to design other materials than timber such as steel, concrete etc.
N
ot necessarily bound to specific
standards
Connection to OpenOffice or Excel

O
ptimization of connecting elements (the best utilized connecting
element is calculated)
Input
First, the standard, where applicable,
and the loads needed for the design
are selected. Then, the maximum admissible loading is defined in module
window 1.2 Limit Parameters.
In addition to the manufacturers already available in the database, it is
possible to add further producers.
When all elements are selected for
the design, you can define the load
duration class (LDC).
The third module window, however,
will be displayed only if you design
timber connecting elements according to EN 1995-1-1.
Results
The first results window shows the
connections governing designs for
the respective load case, load combination or result combination.
Definition of limit parameters
In the other results windows, the results can be represented separately

for sets of members, surfaces, crosssections, members, nodes and nodal
supports.
Furthermore, the ratios can be displayed graphically in RSTAB/RFEM.
The displayed results can be further
reduced by using filter settings to
ensure a clearly structured results
overview.
Design ratios shown on nodal supports
Application fields
S
teel construction: checking the
limit tensile forces of cables
T
imber construction: layout of
approval-controlled connection
components
S
olid construction: check of slab
internal forces
G
lass construction: comparison
of allowed nodal deformations
and others
Connections
U
ser-defined database that can be
extended
51
RF-DYNAM Basic
Analysis of Eigenvibrations
The RFEM add-on module RF-DYNAM
allows for a quick and comfortable analysis of eigenfrequencies
for structures consisting of members or surfaces as well as for combined structures. All required input
values can be imported from RFEM
automatically.
To determine up to 1,000 of the lowest eigenvalues, the following powerful equation solvers are available:
Method by Lanczos
Sub space iteration method
ICG - iteration method
General data in RF-DYNAM
N
umerical output of eigenvalue,
angular frequency, eigenfrequency
and eigenperiod
Visualization of eigenmodes
Eigenmodes of bridge
Features
A
utomatic consideration of masses
from self-weight
O
ption to affect the geometric stiffness matrix due to axial forces of a
load case or group
Consideration of prestress forces
Dynamics
O
ption to determine additional
nodal, line, member and surface
masses
52
A
utomatic consideration of loads as
masses
C
ontrol option for standardization
of eigenmodes
O
ption to control the internal division of members
C
alculation of dynamically acting
additional masses
D
etermination of eigenvectors and
masses in FE mesh points
Output of equivalent mass factors
A
nimated graphic display for eigen
modes with option for video record
ing
D
ocumentation of numerical and
graphical results from the analysis
of eigenfrequencies in the global
RFEM printout report
C
onsideration of modified stiffnesses
Eigenvibrations of a silo
Together with the stiffnesses, masses

significantly affect a structures natural behavior. RF-DYNAM provides appropriate modeling options allowing
for a structural planning close to reality. By considering the net and additional masses, the mass distribu-tion
within the structure can be accu-rately represented.
As axial forces may have an enduring influence on the structures natural frequencies, the program is able
to consider these effects.
RF-DYNAM Addition I
Forced Vibration Analysis
Dynamics
The RFEM add-on module RF-DYNAM

Addition I is used for the dynamic
structure analysis concerning external excitation. You can define
various excitation functions by
time histories of forces or moments,
accelerations (accelerogram) or
harmonic loads. The excitation
can also be described by specified
response spectra.
Using the eigenmodes calculated
in RF-DYNAM Basic, the following
values and forces are determined
as time histories or extreme values:
internal forces of members, surfaces
and solids, nodal and line support
forces, deformations, deformation
velocities, surface contact stresses
and solid stresses.
Features
D
efinition of up to 99 excitation
cases that can be stored in libraries
to use them in other structures
Basic internal forces of excitation due to harmonic loads
R
esponse spectra for analyzing the
structure affected by seismic support node excitation according to
the modal-analytical response spectrum method
C
onsideration of initial deformations and velocities
D
amping coefficient for mass and
stiffness matrix
R
ules for superpositioning in the
response spectrum analysis following square root of sum of squares
(SRSS) or complete quadratic combination (CQC)
L oad factors for different global directions
Excitation case - response spectrum
Input of tabular loads to determine

time-dependent single forces and
moments
F orced vibration analysis based on
time history analysis or response
spectrum method
A
ccelerograms for excitations of
nodal and line supports by timedependent accelerations with
transformation option
C
ombination of several independent excitation force functions in
one dynamic load case
O
ption to stress nodes or lines by
different excitation types simultaneously
E
xport of all results in user-defined
time steps or as decisive enveloping
load combination to RFEM
A
utomatic generation of response
spectra considering viscous damping
Accelerogram Library
Creation of response spectrum
E
fficient Newmark-Wilson integration for determination of dynamic
behavior
H
armonic loads for defining a
force function f(t) and a moment
function m(t), specifying amplitude,
angular frequency and phase shift
53
Dynamics
RF-DYNAM Addition II
Equivalent Seismic Loads According to Eurocode 8 and International Standards
This RFEM add-on module is used
to determine horizontal equivalent
lateral forces for earthquakes according to the following standards:
E
urocode 8: 2010-12 with various
National Annexes (CEN, NBN, CSN,
DIN, NF, UNI, NORM, NP, SR, STN,
SIST, CYS)
Eurocode 8:1998-1-1
DIN 4149:2005-04
DIN 4149:1981-04
IBC 2000
IBC 2009 - ASCE/SEI 7-05
NORM B 4015:2007-02
NTC 2008
NCSE-02
SIA 261/1:2003
O.G. 23089 + O. G. 23390
SBC 301:2007
GB 50011 - 2001
NBC 2005
RF-DYNAM Addition II depends on the

results of the natural frequencycal
culation provided by RF-DYNAM Basic.
54
Equivalent lateral forces - response spectrum
Similarly, the ordinate value ofthe

design spectrum can be freely
selected or automatically determined
by the program. The design spectrum
can also be displayed as a graphic including the ordinates location.
The components in direction X, Y and
Z can either be set automatically according to the standard or manually
adjusted by means of factors.
When determining equivalent lateral
forces according to EC 8 and DIN 4149,
you can select between the design
Equivalent loads - generation
Proceeding
The standard relevant input parameters are preset but can be edited
manually. In this way, even standards
that are similar to the rules implemented in the program can be considered to some extent.
The relevant masses are part of the
calculation when analyzing the RFEM
models eigenvalues. The standardspecific parameters are defined in a
separate input table of the dynamic
module. The direction of the earthquake vibrations is freely selectable,
but they can also be applied automatically in the eigenmodes governing direction.
spectrum for linear calculation and

the elastic response spectrum.
In case the American standard IBC
2000 is used, the procedures according section 1617 Equivalent Lateral
Force Procedure or section 1618
Modal Analysis Procedure are available.
The generated equivalent lateral
forces can be transferred to RFEM by
using the export function. An enveloping load combination can be created optionally.
Generated equivalent lateral forces with export option to RFEM load cases
RF-/DEFORM
Deformation and Deflection Analysis
The add-on module RF-/DEFORM is
used for the deformation analysis
of indi-vidual members as well as
complete sets of members defined
in RSTAB or RFEM structures.
The allowable limit deformations can
be determined in relation to either
the undeformed system or the deformed member ends.
Specifications for allowable deformations
Features
D
eflection analysis for members
and continuous members
G
raphical selection of members and
continuous members for design
L imit deformations referring to global, local or resulting member directions
S
pecification of limit deformations
with reference to length of members or continuous members, alternatively as absolute deformation values
H
andling of several load cases,
groups and combinations
M
anagement of designs in different
design cases
Selection of load cases, groups and combinations
the members and sets of members

that you want to design either manually or graphically. Finally, the respective allowable limit deformation
is assigned with reference to the deformed member ends or the undeformed system.
The analyses carried out with

RF-/DEFORM can be integrated into
the global printout report such as the
data of all other add-on modules. If
necessary, they can be arranged appropriately there.
The results are displayed in a clearly

structured table. If the analysis for a
member or a continuous member has
failed, it is marked accordingly.
RF-/DEFORM has a very short learning

curve due to its clear arrangement
and proceeding based on engineering requirements.
Deformation analysis for all members and sets of members
F ree selectable units for lengths and

deformations independent of main
program RSTAB/RFEM
Integration of deformation analyses into global RSTAB/RFEM printout report
All data is entered in clearly arranged
input tables. First, you select the design relevant load cases, groups and
combinations. Then you can define
Others
A
utomatic determination of governing load cases and governing
members and continuous members
55
Others
RSMOVE/RF-MOVE
Load Case Generation from Moving Loads
RSMOVE and RF-MOVE are RSTAB/
RFEM add-on modules that create
different load cases from positions
of moving member loads such as
of cranes or cars on bridges. When
generating these loads, it is possible to create an enveloping load
combination additionally.
Sets of members and generation parameters

Generated moving loads
Features
G
eneration of up to 9,999 load
cases from the moving loads single
positions
56
S
ummarizing moving load positions
in one generation case
O
ption to add loads to load cases
already created in RSTAB/RFEM
G
eneration of load combination to
determine the most unfavorable
load position
O
ption to save load specifications
in libraries for later use in other
structures
The members on which the load runs
over can be selected graphically in
the RSTAB/RFEM work window. The
simultaneous and similar load application on several sets of members
using different load types is possible, too.
To model the loads moving start on
the continuous member, the program
allows for the exact definition of the
first load position. It is also possible to decide whether a moving load
consisting of multiple components
runs over the end of the continuous

member (like for a bridge) or stops
(like for crane runways).
can be related to the true lengths on

the member or the projections in one
of the global directions.
In this way a series of load cases may

be created for RSTAB/RFEM whose
number can be influenced by specifying the increment for the individual
load positions.
When generating moving loads, it is

possible to add loads to already existing load cases. In this case, superpositioning loads in the form of a load
combination may be unnecessary.
As load types you can select linear and single forces as well as moments, trapezoidal loads, load pairs
and several similar single forces and
moments. They can be applied in local and global directions. To determine the reference lengths, the loads
Definition of moving loads
RSMOVE or RF-MOVE is distinguished

by its simple input options available
in two single tables. Thus, numerous
load positions can be created quickly and are immediately available for
RSTAB or RFEM.
RF-IMP
Equivalent Geometric Imperfections and Pre-deformed
Initial Structures
The RFEM add-on module RF-IMP
creates imperfections as equivalent
lateral loads for members or
pre-deformed initial structures
for surfaces.
If these generated imperfections are
considered in a non-linear calculation
according to the second-order analysis, stability analyses for frameworks
and shell structures can be carried
out comfortably in RFEM.
Features
Imperfections for members as
equivalent loads according to
Eurocode 2, Eurocode 3, DIN 1045-1,
C
onsideration of reduction factors
ah and am or r1 and r2 as well as of
rise of precamber depending on
General data in RF-IMP
buckling curves according

to Eurocode 3, equation (5.5)
or DIN 18800 part 2, el. (205)
Generation of imperfections in
accordance with
- deformations of a load case
- buckling shapes from RF-STABILITY
- eigenvibrations from RF-DYNAM
Buckling shape from RF-STABILITY (above) and corresponding pre-deformed structure in RF-IMP (below)
G
eneration of imperfections for single members or several members as
set of members (e.g. columns consisting of several members)
G
eneration of surface and member
imperfections by displacing all FE
mesh nodes or only the RFEM structure nodes
C
omfortable assignment of predeformed initial structures when defining new load groups without the
need for calculating a new structure
V
isualization of generated imperfection modes in RFEM user interface
O
ption to carry out buckling
designs according to second-order
analysis with RF-STABILITY and
RF-STEEL
Others
Results: Pre-Deformed Initial Structure - Surfaces
57
Others
RF-STABILITY
Critical Load Factors and Buckling Modes for Structures
The RFEM add-on module
RF-STABILITY determines the critical load factors and corresponding buckling shapes for frameworks and shell structures. They
are required for the stability analysis which is important, together
with the general stress analysis, for
structural components subjected
to compression.
The structures stability risk is re
presented by the critical load factor
of the entire system. The respective
buckling mode gives you information
about the risk-bearing area in the
structural model.
Features
S
imultaneous determination of se
veral buckling shapes in one calculation run
A
utomatic import of the axial forces
of a load case or group from RFEM
O
ption to consider favorable effects
due to tension
58
O
ption to consider a load cases axial forces as prestress
D
irect control option to determine
axial forces according to non-linear
calculation (Newton-Raphson)
O
ption to reduce stiffness by means
of partial safety factor gM
P
owerful equation solvers to determine eigenvalues according to subspace iteration method for default
cases or ICG iteration method for
complex structures with high me
mory requirements
T
abular output of critical load factors and corresponding buckling
modes
V
isualization of buckling mode as
isosurfaces or isolines in the RFEM
user interface
B
asis for calculation with imperfect
equivalent structures in RF-IMP
General data: parameters for stability analysis
It is possible to calculate up to 1,000

stability eigenvalues at the same time
which are sorted by critical load factors in the output table later. In this
way you can evaluate the governing
failure modes of the analyzed structure. Due to the graphical representation of buckling modes you can
easily recognize the areas bearing instability risks. This allows for introducing structural provisions counter
acting these failure modes.
RF-STABILITY proves to be particularly

useful for analyzing structures bearing risks for buckling such as slender beams or thin-walled shells. On
the one hand, you can quickly evaluate the structure concerning its gene
ral instability risk (buckling and late
ral torsional buckling) by checking
the critical load factor. On the other
hand, it is possible to deduce applications for imperfections from the
critical (lowest) eigenvectors.
Critical load factors of cantilever with representation of eigenmodes
RF-SOILIN
The representation of soil conditions as elastic foundations has
a great influence on the structural analysis of buildings. To simplify the design, a rigid support is often presumed or a surface elastic
foundation with uni-form stiffness
along the entire floor slab (e.g. according to the Winkler foundation
model) is applied.
The add-on module RF-SOILIN takes
into account the results of a subsoil
expertise for the structural analysis.
In this way the interaction between
structure and soil can be considered
realistically.
Definition of soil layers for individual soil samples
Features
Expandable library for soil constants
C
onsideration of several soil samples (probes) at different locations,
even outside the building
Definition of subsidence basin
The foundation coefficients can be

determined according to the following standards:
Eurocode 7 (EN 1997-1)
DIN 4019
C
onsideration of groundwater as
well as side effects due to excava-tion and rock at last layer
C
alculation of elastic foundation
coefficients in finite elements
D
etermination of stress diagrams
in direction Z and of settlements in
grid points
C
alculation of settlement values on
the basis of freely selectable load
case or group
Soil-structure Interaction Analysis
E
fficient design of floor slabs and
buildings due to consideration of
realistic soil conditions
C
alculation of stress diagrams
in direction Z according to elastic
half-space theory
Results: Stresses and settlements, elastic foundation coefficients in RFEM work window
RF-SOILIN allows for settlement calculations based on exploration drillings. The results are used to calculate the corresponding foundation
coefficients for each finite element.
The program is able to consider several different layers of soil at
any definable recording point. As
basis for the settlement calculation you can select either the stiffness
modulus or the modulus of elastici
ty in connection with the Poissons
ratio. Furthermore, it is possible to
freely define the subsidence basin.
Others
CSN 73 1001
59
Others
RF-INFLUENCE
Determination of Influence Lines and Influence Surfaces
RF-INFLUENCE is an add-on module
for RFEM which creates influence
lines and influence surfaces for a
given magnitude, such as a reaction, axial force, shear force, or
bending moment.
Influence lines and surfaces visualize
the variations of a particular structural effect on a section or location for
all positions of the unit load on the
model.
Features
E
asy definition of unit loads in the
RFEM model
E
asy definition of inspected points
on members, surfaces and supports
N
umerical result listing and graphical
view of results for a unit load or for
an inspected point
D
etailed printout report including
all model and load data for each
inspected point and for each used
unit load
60
Input
The RFEM model, which may consist
of members and/or surfaces, can
be analyzed at a specific point by
applying a unit load which acts
in a defined direction. The results
contain the influence of the unit load
position on the size of the chosen
magnitude in the given inspected
point.
This simulation is represented graphically by influence lines and influence
surfaces of this magnitude (such
as reaction, force, moment) in the
inspected point on the model. It
can be used for further analyses or
simply to check the behavior of the
model. RF-INFLUENCE determines
the influence lines and surfaces of
models containing both beams and
surfaces.
Graphical representation of influence lines of a truss girder in RFEM
Calculation Process
Results and Export
When the points that are to be inspected have been defined, the influence lines and surfaces can be generated. After that, the results of all inspected points are available in a table.
They are listed individually, depending
on the location and the unit load applied on a member, surface or support.
After the analysis, the results of each

influence line and surface are listed
in a table and can also be evaluated
in the graphics. The result tables
can be exported to MS Excel or
OpenOffice.org Calc.
Display of influence surfaces in RFEM user interface
RF-/STAGES
The add-on module RF-/STAGES
for RSTAB/RFEM is used to calculate framework structures (in RFEM
also structures of surfaces and
solids) by taking into account
the sequence of construction.
Features
E
asy definition of structural conditions for the structure including
visualization
A
dding and removing objects as
well as modifying object properties
such as end releases or degrees of
freedom for supports
O
ptional superposition of stages
with additional temporary loads,
for example for construction load
cases
R
esults display for individual structural stages or as envelope (Max/
Min) of all construction stages
Input
When the creation of a structure
has been completed in the main
program, you can assign individual structural components as well as
load cases and load groups to the
respective structural stages. Within
these stages, you can modify releases, eccentricities and supports in
order to represent system modifications such as the step-by-step compound of bridge beams or column
settlements.
The load cases and groups created
in RSTAB/RFEM are subdivided into
Permanent Loads and Temporary
Loads. For temporary loads, you can
even create load combinations. In this
way it is possible, for example, to determine the maximum internal forces
from different crane positions or to
consider construction loads that are effective only in one construction stage.
Assigning members to construction stages
Calculation
Results and Export
Permanent Loads are analyzed successively according to the non-linear theory by Newton-Raphson (large deformation analysis) for each structural
stage. If geometric differences occur
between the ideal system and the
system that has been deformed because of the previous stage, they will
be compensated internally. When analyzing the structure, the new structural system is applied to the already
stressed system of the previous stage.
Subsequent to the calculation, you

can evaluate the results of the individual stages in tables or graphically
in the RSTAB/RFEM model.
The module also provides an export
function so that the results can be
used in further designs: For example,
you may use the exported internal
forces of members in steel or reinforced concrete designs. Alternatively,
the data can be exported to MS Excel
or OpenOffice.org Calc.
Internal forces of a construction stage
Others
C
onsideration of non-linear effects
due to failed members, foundations
or supports
Consideration of Different Construction Stages
61
Others
RF-LAMINATE
Design of Multi-layer Surfaces
The add-on module RF-LAMINATE
is used to perform deflection analyses and stress designs for laminate surfaces. The calculation taking into account shear coupling follows the sandwich (laminate) theory. Based on a user-defined layer
structure, the program creates a local overall stiffness matrix for the
respective surface.
Take advantage of RF-LAMINATE to
design for example cross laminated
timber elements, or to calculate layer
elements used in concrete constructions or structures consisting of different elements.
Features
General stress design
G
raphical and numerical output of
stresses and design ratios completely
integrated in RFEM
H
igh efficiency due to few data
required for input
62
O
n the basis of the selected material
model and the layers contained
within, RF-LAMINATE generates
a local overall stiffness matrix of
the surface in RFEM. The following
material models are available:
- Orthotropic
- Isotropic
- User-defined
- Hybrid (for combinations
of material models)
Stress graphic in RFEM
O
ption to save frequently used
layer structures in a database
In addition to the basic stresses,

RF-LAMINATE shows in its results
tables the stresses required by
Maximum stresses sorted by load cases
DIN EN 1995-1-1 as well as the interaction of those stresses.

Calculation of transversal shear
stresses according to Mindlin,
Kirchhoff, or user-defined specifications
Serviceability limit state design by
checking surface displacements
User-defined specifications for limit
deflections
D
etailed output showing the various
stress components and ratios in
tables and graphic
Output of stresses for each layer in
the model
C
oupling of layers entirely without
shear possible
Input
Load cases, groups and combinations
can be combined in various design
cases for the design of the ultimate
and the serviceability limit state.
The structure of layers forming the
basis for the stiffness calculation can
vary. The 3*3 matrix of the layers can
be adjusted as well. In this way,
RF-LAMINATE ensures a completely
free selection when generating the
stiffnesses.
Results
Subsequent to the design,
RF-LAMINATE displays the maximum
stresses, stress ratios and displacements, sorted by to load cases, surfaces or grid points. The design ratio can be displayed for any kind of
stress type. The location currently
active is highlighted in the RFEM
analysis model.
In addition to the results evaluation
in tables, it is possible to represent
the stresses and design ratios graphically in the RFEM work window. The
colors and values assigned in the
panel can be adjusted appropriately.
RF-LOAD-HISTORY
RF-LOAD-HISTORY is an RFEM addon module that takes into account
the permanent (plastic) deformation of previous load states. The
calculation is performed for models consisting of surfaces or solids.
Features
Easy definition of load steps
Easy assignment of load cases, load
combinations, result combinations
to load steps
Consideration of permanent (plastic) deformations of previous load
steps
Detailed printout report with results

documentation for all load steps
Working with
RF-LOAD-HISTORY
Once the entire model and loading is defined in RFEM, you enter
the load steps and their descriptions
in RFLOAD-HISTORY. Then, you assign the load cases or load and result
combinations to the different load
steps. You also have the option to
multiply them by a load factor.
The calculation is carried out successively for each load step. Permanent
(plastic) deformations of previous
load steps are considered when calculating further load steps. In this
way, it is possible to also perform a
calculation implicating a relief of the
structure. The loads of the individual steps are added up (depending on
the signs) throughout the calculation
process.
The method of analysis can be freely
selected (linear static, second-order,
large deformation, and postcritical
analysis). Furthermore, you can con-
Module window 2.21 Surfaces - Equivalent Stresses - von Mises
trol the global settings of the calculation via the add-on module.
surfaces as well as deformations and
After the successful calculation you

can see the results of the individual load steps directly displayed in the
tables of the add-on module. You
can also evaluate them graphically on
the structural model. The results output includes for example deformations, stresses and internal forces of
The result combinations for each

load step can be exported to RFEM.
These enveloping combinations can
be used for further designs in other
RFEM add-on modules.
stresses of solids.
For calculations with RFLOADHISTORY

the add-on module RF-MAT NL is
required.
Graphical representation of beam deformation due to

full load and plastic deformation after relief in RFEM
Others
Results (deformations, support forces, internal forces, stresses, strains,

etc.) displayed numerically and
graphically for the individual load
steps
Consideration of Plastic Deformations of Previous Load States
63
Others
RS-/RF-COM
Programmable COM Interface
RS-COM and RF-COM are programm-able interfaces for RSTAB
or RFEM based on COM technology. By using these interfaces you
can adjust RSTAB or RFEM to your
individual needs as customized input macros or follow-up programs
can be created.
Due to this add-on module, structures can be created to write new
data in there. The same applies to
load cases, load and results combinations.
The COM interface consists of an instruction set that can be integrated

in common programming languages
like Visual Basic, Visual Basic for Applications (VBA), Visual C++, C# and
other application develop-ment tools
supporting COM technol-ogy. The
instruction set provides objects and
methods that allow access to RSTAB
or RFEM data.
64
To use RS-COM or RF-COM, you only

need an editor, a compiler and some
basic programming skills. The object
library provided by the interface can
be easily included in the editor and
is then ready for use. In MS Excel, for
example, a VBA editor is already integrated.
In addition to the licenses for RSTAB
and RS-COM or RFEM and RF-COM, a
valid license for each add-on module
whose data is used is required in order to be able to work with the COM
interface.
Program code in Visual C#
Program used to dimension dowel connections
Functions
R
ead and write access to structural
and load case data, load and super
combinations (RS-COM)
External control of calculation
O
ption to open, recreate or edit
structures
A
ccess to all results such as deforma
tions, internal and support forces
A
ccess to control elements and
stresses of RF-/STEEL, RF-/STEEL EC 3,
RF-/ALUMINIUM, RF-/DYNAM,
RF-/DYNAM Addition I,
RF-/CONCRETE, RF-/DSTV, SUPER-RC,
RF-STABILITY, SHAPE-THIN, RX-TIMBER
Glued-Laminated Beam
O
ption to intercept possible errors
by error messages
C
ontrol of views and transfer of
graphics to clipboard
W
riting results in a RSTAB structure
(RS-COM)
Ranges of Application
S
tructure generators for typical geometries with loads and combinations, e.g. for RF-COM: welded steel
connections, reinforced concrete
floors with openings, silos, column
supports
Import and export of data from
spreadsheets like MS Excel or MS
Access
C
onnection to various programs
compatible with COM technology,
e.g. CAD programs
C
ustomized pre- and post-processing programs
P
reparation and output of data in
customized format
RF-LINK
RFEM provides various options to
exchange data. The add-on module
RF-LINK allows for the import of
IGES, STEP and ACIS files. Due to
these file formats you can import
the models geometry in the form
of border lines and surfaces.
The quality of the model depends on
the application used for the export.
Only files can be considered for the
import process. The corresponding
file formats are commonly used in
mechanical engineering.
Further Interfaces
The program systems RSTAB and
RFEM include a number of free interfaces for different formats:
- IFC interface
Dialog box extended by RF-LINK formats for import of structures
- DXF interface
- Interface to Nemetschek Allplan

with Round-trip Engineering functionality (import of geometries of
single surfaces and return of reinforcement)
- SDNF interface
- Interface to CADKON (*.esf)
- ASCII interface
Integration in Revit Structure

RFEM provides a direct bidirectional connection to Revit Structure
(Autodesk). It is possible to import
analytical models from Revit Structure as well as to update modifi
cations in Revit Structure.
- German DSTV product interface

- Interface to MS Excel
- Interface to CAD programs such

as Tekla Structures, ProSteel 3D,
Advance Steel, bocad, SEMA,
cadwork and Intergraph
Frameworks based on files
Integration in Tekla Structures
Round-trip Engineering by using
analytical model
Remark:
RSTAB and RFEM provide application
programming interfaces (API) allowing for access to geometry, load data
and results as well as to further functions of RSTAB/RFEM. For detailed information, see the text for RS/RF-COM
in this product description.
Import of IGES, STEP and ACIS Files
Direct interface to Revit Structure for direct exchange of files
Integration in AutoCAD
direct bidirectional data exchange
based on DXF format
S
pecial interfaces in RFEM
In RFEM, the following data based
interfaces are additionally available:
- Interface to Glaser ISB-CAD with
Round-trip Engineering functionali
ty (import of geometry and reinforcement)
Others
Integration in Bentley ProStructures

direct bidirectional data exchange
by ISM
65
Frame Analysis
RSTAB 8
Main Program
Calculating Planar and Spatial Structures

The RSTAB program family for structural design is used to determine internal forces, support reactions and
deformations of any planar or spatial structure. The open and modular
RSTAB program concept meets individual user demands for specific pro
ject requirements by integrating additional modules.
Due to its user-friendliness, RSTAB
has a small learning curve, which
means that you will be quickly able
to handle the program.
The program system offers you many
helpful tools making structural calculations in engineering offices easier.
You can use the program in German,
English, French, Italian, Polish,
Portuguese, Russian, Spanish and
Czech.
RSTAB User Interface
T
hreepart navigator for checking
and controlling data, graphic display and results
66
Integration of Windows capabilities

for efficient work (drag-and-drop,
context menus, clipboard etc.)
P
hoto-realistic structure visualization with 3D rendering to check the
defined position of members and
cross-sections
Working in the active rendering
Individual customization of inter-
RSTABs graphical user interface: navigator, graphic display with rendered results, tables
face by specifying colors, font type

and size, buttons and style
E
qual and synchronized input in
graphic display, tables and dialog
boxes
D
ockable and automatically minimizable tables and navigator
Modeling
O
ption for parameterized input for
default projects with varying dimensions
P
arameterizable guideline technique
for flexible spatial modeling
N
etwork-compatible Project
Manager for structure administration with graphical preview, subprojects, delete function for results
and display of editing history
Project Manager: preview and details of selected structure
Parameter list
Import of CADtemplates by means

of DXF layers with snap points
C
omprehensive and expandable
cross-section and material libraries
with specifications for cross-section
and material properties
U
se of blocks as parameterized partial structures
Adjustable scales for result values and colors
Results
M
ember non-linearities such as
yielding, tearing, slippage or plasticity
N
on-linear supports and releases
with ineffectivities as well as working and stiffness diagrams
G
enerating tool for structures such
as 2D frames with tapers, truss
girders, roofs, 3D frames and 3D
halls, stairs, arcs and bracings
C
onverting area and coating loads
into member loads
W
ind and snow load generation for
various roof structures according to
EN 1991-1-4/3 and DIN 1055-4/5
Imperfections on continuous members
Calculation
A
nalysis according to the linear static, the second-order and the
large deformation analysis as well
as analysis for postcritical failure
N
on-linear analysis with reactivation
of failed elements
D
etermination of the critical load
factor according to the second-
order analysis
Cross-section library
Incremental load application
R
esults visualization on the rendered model
A
utomatic creation of load and results combinations according to
Eurocode, DIN and others in accordance with corresponding combination rules
D
etermination of centroid for selected objects
C
opying, adding and recreating
load cases
D
iagrams of result distribution on
members with smoothing option
O
ptional activation of shear deformations
A
nimation of deformations by
means of video recording
A
nalysis of independent substructures
F ilter option for graphical member

results
U
ninterrupted calculation run with
summarized statistical data
E
xport of results to MS Excel or
OpenOffice.org Calc
T
able output with filter options and
color scale panel
Results display for specific structure parts with remaining parts being inactive
Frame Analysis
Generation of a 2D frame including permanent loads, snow and wind
F reely selectable display and partial

views for results evaluation
67
Frame Analysis
Printout
V
arious options for creating the
printout of input data and results
by means of the printout report
P
ossibility to integrate texts and
graphics
O
ption for creating graphic groups
automatically
T
itle boxes, cover sheet and adjustable paging
P
rintout in English, German,
French, Spanish, Italian, Czech,
Slovak, Hungarian, Polish, Dutch,
Portuguese and Russian
Creation of more languages possible
RTF import of additional texts
Adjustable print header
Report export in RTF or PDF
Different displays showing internal forces of a particular partial view (Mero-TSK)
Printout report
68
Interfaces
Integrated interfaces for the following formats: *.stp, *.dxf, *.dat, *.ifc
D
ata exchange with CAD programs
like ProSteel 3D, Tekla Structures,
Intergraph Frameworks, Advance
Steel, Cadwork, Bocad, AutoCAD.
Data import from CAD programs
O
ption for controlling RSTAB by
programmable COM interface
(Visual Basic) with add-on module
RS-COM
IGES, STEP and ACIS interfaces
(add-on module RX-LINK, surcharge
required)
RSTAB represents the platform for all

add-on modules available for steel
and timber construction, reinforced
concrete design, dynamics, connections etc. All modules fit seamlessly
into RSTAB so that you dont have to
leave the user interface that you are
used to.
The results of the design are documented in the central RSTAB printout
report, too.
Central administration of units and decimal

places for RSTAB and all add-on modules
Member result diagrams for specific evaluation with smoothing option
DYNAM Basic
Eigenmodes of a bridge
Features
C
onsideration of geometric stiffnesses
General data in DYNAM
propriate modeling options and calculation methods for structural plannings fulfilling even specific requirements.
bles the representation of a distributed mass. A diagonal mass matrix represents the structures masses as concentrated in its structure nodes.
C
alculation of up to 10,000 of the
lowest eigenvalues
By considering the net as well as the

additional masses, the mass distribution within the structure can be accurately represented. The nodal or
member forces defined in RSTAB can
be imported automatically to be acting in direction Z as equivalent additional member masses.
P
owerful calculation method according to the subspace iteration
method
It is possible to control the creation

of the mass matrix for the calculation: A consistent mass matrix ena-
Axial forces in the geometric stiffness matrix can influence a systems

eigen-frequencies decisively. Tensile
forces usually increase the natural
frequency (like for a stressed violin
string). However, as the existence of
a par-ticular tensile force level cannot
al-ways be presumed or tension forces may not generally exist, it is up to
the users decision whether tensile
forces are to be considered.
C
alculation of dynamically acting
additional masses
Import of additional masses from RSTAB
O
ption to apply geometric stiffness
matrix with use of tension forces
Import of internal forces of static
load cases from RSTAB
Input option for additional node
and member masses
Import of nodal or member loads
from RSTAB as additional masses
M
ass determination of corresponding substitute system
N
umerical output of eigenvalue, angular frequency, eigenfrequency
and eigenperiod
Visualization of eigenmodes
A
nimated graphic display for eigenmodes with video record
Consideration of modified stiffnesses
Together with the stiffnesses, masses
significantly affect a structures na
tural behavior. DYNAM provides ap-
Dynamics
The add-on module DYNAM is

used for determining the natural
frequencies of RSTAB structures.
The input data entered in RSTAB
will be imported automatically.
Analysis of Eigenvibrations
69
Dynamics
In case axial force values from a static calculation are already available,
they can be transferred automatically
from RSTAB to DYNAM.
In addition to the determination of
eigenvalues, DYNAM provides the following additional calculations:
Node deformations
By default, DYNAM scales the eigenmodes to the value 1 and lists
them member by member. The displacement of nodes can be displayed in a separate table.
Node masses
Depending on the support conditions and structural model, structure nodes may freely oscillate. Due
to their mass inertia, any additional
mass that is assigned will respond
with a corresponding dynamic reaction which can be taken as a quasistatic mass. This virtual static load
equals the additional mass applied
to the non-moving structure and is
usually unequal to the static mass.
70
Substitute masses
Eigenvalues and eigenfrequencies
The mass matrix can include the mass

from self-weight or even the additional member and node masses. The
mass from self-weight is determined
by the material data preset in RSTAB.
The transfer of additional member
and node masses already defined as
loads in RSTAB is facilitated by an import function.
You can select between a diagonal
and a consistent mass matrix to emphasize either accuracy or speed of
the calculation. The calculation algorithm allows for an explicit mem-
Substitute masses
Substitute masses are generally used for slender and high structures. Such a structure is entirely reduced to a single-mass oscillator using energy considerations. Its
mass is determined for each eigenfrequency. During the calculation,
some other values are determined
such as the modal masses and the
participation factors. The substitute masses can be listed as absolute sums or as sum of the factors.
This allows to see which eigenfrequency is dynamically relevant for
the respective directions and how
many eigenfrequencies are needed
for the dynamic analysis.
Visualization of eigenmodes with animation option
ber division by which more eigenfrequencies can be calculated without

dividing the members by additional
structure nodes.
When including geometric stiffness
matrices with stabilizing effects, the
corresponding member axial forces
can be specified in a special input
table.
Eigenmodes together with their animation process can be displayed by
a photo-realistic representation in
the RSTAB work window.
DYNAM Addition I
This RSTAB add-on module is used
to analyze structures for dynamic
behavior due to external excitation. The excitation functions can
be defined by time histories of
forces or moments, accelerations
(accelerogram) or harmonic functions. Alternatively, the excitation
can be specified by defining response spectra.
Based on the eigenmodes of DYNAM
Basic, the internal and support forces, the deformations as well as the
deformation speed and acceleration
can be determined as time history or
extreme values.
Time history analysis of moments My for excitation with accelerogram
D
efinition of up to 99 excitation
cases with option to store them in
a library
R
ules for superpositioning in the response spectrum analysis following square root of sum of squares
(SRSS) or complete quadratic combination (CQC)
T
abular loads for entering time-dependent forces (single forces and
moments)
H
armonic loads for defining a force
function f(t) and a moment function m(t) with specifications for
amplitude, angular frequency and
phase shift
Excitation case - response spectrum
A
utomatic generation of response
spectra considering viscous
damping
D
amping coefficient for mass and
stiffness matrix
Features
A
ccelerograms for excitations of the
structures support nodes by timedependent accelerations
O
ption to stress nodes by different
excitation types simultaneously
Creation of response spectrum
Consideration of modal damping
E
fficient Newmark-Wilson integration for determination of dynamic
behavior
C
onsideration of initial deformations and velocities
L oad factors for different global directions
C
ombination of several independent excitation force functions in
one dynamic load case
E
xport of all results in user-defined
time steps or as decisive enveloping
load combination to RSTAB
Harmonic excitation e.g. due to motor
Dynamics
Library of accelerograms
R
esponse spectra for analyzing the
structure affected by seismic support node excitation according to
the modal-analytical response spectrum method
Forced Vibration Analysis
71
Dynamics
DYNAM Addition II
Equivalent Seismic Loads for Earthquakes According to Eurocode 8,
DIN 4149, IBC 2000/2009
This RSTAB add-on module is used
to determine horizontal equivalent
lateral forces for earthquakes according to the following standards:
E
urocode 8: 2010-12 with various
National Annexes (CEN, NBN, CSN,
DIN, NF, UNI, NORM, NP, SR, STN,
SIST, CYS)
Eurocode 8: 1998-1-1
IBC 2000
IBC 2009-ASCE/SEI 7-05
DIN 4149: 2005-04
DIN 4149: 1981-04
DYNAM Add. II depends on the results of the natural frequency calculation provided by DYNAM Basic.
Equivalent lateral forces according to EN 1998-1-1:2010
all standards but can also be applied

automatically in the eigenmodes
governing direction.
72
Similarly, the ordinate value of the

design spectrum is freely selectable
or can be determined automatically
by the program. The design spectrum
can be displayed graphically showing
also the ordinates location.
Design spectrum according to Eurocode 8
Proceeding
The standard relevant input parameters are preset but can be edited
manually. In this way, even standards
that are similar to the rules implemented in the program can be considered to some extent.
First, the RSTAB models eigenvalues
are calculated. If masses are to be
considered for the calculation, they
are already taken into account.
Then the calculation parameters are
determined according to the selected
standard. The direction of the earthquake vibrations is freely selectable in
The components in direction X, Y and

Z can either be set automatically according to the standard or manually
adjusted by means of factors.
When determining equivalent lateral

forces according to EC 8 and DIN 4149,
you can select between the design
spectrum for linear calculation and
the elastic response spectrum.
In case the American standard IBC
2000 is used, the procedures according section 1617 Equivalent Lateral
Force Procedure or section 1618
Modal Analysis Procedure are available.
The generated equivalent lateral forces can be exported to RSTAB. An enveloping load combination can be
created optionally.
Generated equivalent lateral forces with export option
Generation of Equivalent Geometric Imperfections and Pre-deformed

Initial Structures
RSIMP is a powerful RSTAB add-on
module used for generating equivalent imperfections (equivalent lateral loads) according to Eurocode 2,
Eurocode 3, DIN 18800 or DIN 1052,
or for creating a pre-deformed initial structure in RSTAB.
Depending on the setting, RSIMP
evaluates the deformations of an
RSTAB load case, buckling modes calculated by RSBUCK or eigenmodes
determined by DYNAM Basic. The
program uses the deformation, buckling shape or eigenmode respectively
for the imperfections orientation.
With the general stress design, you
can carry out the buckling design for
any cross-sections at the same time
when applying those generated imperfections in RSTAB and calculating
them according to the second-order
analysis.
RSIMP allows for a quick analysis of
various imperfection cases to provide
the application of equivalent lateral
loads in the most unfavorable direction as required in the standards.
General data with parameters for generation
considered for the exact calculation

of the inclination according to
Eurocode 3, equation (5.5) or
DIN 18800 part 2, el. (205).
Equivalent imperfections can be assigned to single members as well as
to sets of members, which proves to
be advantageous especially for precambers.
The generation results are displayed
in the table and graphic where they
can be checked before they are transferred to an RSTAB load case. After
the export, the main module provides
a load case that is independent of
RSIMP and can be adjusted, if
necessary.
Pre-deformed Initial Structures

As an alternative for equivalent lateral loads, an imperfect initial structure
is often used for the calculation. This
may be helpful for structures composed of shells. The inclination and
camber are represented in an RSTAB
structure that is geometrically inclined or precambered.
RSIMP
When using such a pre-deformed initial structure, RSIMP scales the node
deformations from load cases, buckling shapes or eigenmodes by a definable ordinate value and adds
them to the non-deformed original
structure.
Generated imperfections for members and sets of members

Generated equivalent imperfections for load case
Inclination as well as camber can

be easily determined conforming to
standards. Subsequently they are
transferred to the RSTAB structure.
RSIMP knows the cross-sections
buckling curves described in the
Eurocodes or DIN 18800 so that the
rise of the precamber can be applied
correctly without great efforts.
In the same way, the reduction factors ah and am or r1 and r2 can be
Others
Equivalent Imperfections
73
Others
RSBUCK
Effective Lengths, Buckling Loads, Bifurcation Load Factors
Based on an eigenvalue analysis,
the RSTAB add-on module RSBUCK
determines the buckling shapes of
a structure modeled in RSTAB. The
program calculates for each member the structure-specific buckling
lengths and loads including the respective critical load. The critical
load factor for the entire structure
is displayed additionally.
The results from RSBUCK can beused
for further stability checks such as
the flexural buckling design according
to EN 1993-1-1 in the add-on module
STEEL EC3. The buckling shapes can
also be used for the generation of
equivalent imperfections with RSIMP.
Features
Definition of calculation parameters
A
utomatic import of structural data
and boundary conditions from RSTAB
RSBUCK is distinguished by an easy
O
ptional consideration of tension
force effects
74
Import of axial forces from RSTAB

load cases or of user-defined specifications
M
ember by member output of
buckling lengths L around weak
and strong axis with corresponding
buckling length coefficients K
M
ember by member listing of
standardized buckling shapes
B
uckling case related output of critical load factor for entire structure
G
raphic and animated visualization
of buckling shapes on the rendered
model
Identification of members free of
compression forces
T
ransfer of buckling lengths, relevant buckling coefficients and buckling shapes in other RSTAB add-on
modules for designs according to
Eurocode 3 or DIN 18800 (e.g. flexural buckling) or for creating RSTAB
imperfections automatically
handling, clear data arrangement

and a great user friendliness. With
only a few mouse clicks you can define the number of buckling shapes
to be calculated as well as the load
case that is to be considered. The
structural data and boundary conditions available in the selected load
case are imported automatically.
Alternatively you can edit the axial
forces imported from RSTAB or enter

new values manually.
Furthermore it is possible to create
various RSBUCK cases so that you can
carry out several analyses each with
different boundary conditions.
The results of the buckling analysis
are represented in clearly structured
tables and descriptive graphics. In
this way a quick and reliable results
evaluation is guaranteed.
Graphical representation of a buckling shape in 3D rendering
SUPER-RC
Superimposing Results of Different Structures (Construction Phases)
The RSTAB add-on module
SUPER-RC facilitates the challenge
to consider construction phases
with varying structural and loading
conditions as they may occur in
bridge construction or in other
specific fields of civil engineering.
In the modeling process, you create
a base structure in the same project
but under different structure names.
It is then modified according to the
construction progress. For defining
the super combination, you take into
account the various structures with
the individual construction or operation phases. The loads are superimposed in a similar way as for common RSTAB result combinations.
Superposition of internal forces from different positions
The combination criteria define the

load cases, load or result combinations of a particular structure that
you want to consider. It is possible to
scale the load cases by factors and to
classify them as permanently or conditionally acting.
Results of two load cases and enveloping super combination
When the structures relevant load

cases have been included in the super combination, you can integrate
further load cases from another
structure (next construction or operational position) in the same way.
For an alternative analysis of different structures, you can superimpose, for example, the envelopes of the
respective governing result combinations as an Or superposition.
SUPER-RC provides the following
standards: Eurocode, DIN 18800,
DIN 1045, DIN 1045-1, DIN 1052,
NORM, DIN 1055-100. It is possible
to adjust or extend these standards.
The results of the superposition are
displayed numerically and graphically as envelope and can be integrated
into the printout report accordingly.
In addition, many RSTAB add-on modules allow for the subsequent design of a super combination.
Others
Different construction and operation

phases may have different geometric
boundary conditions: The structure is
supported differently, members may
have been added or removed. When
determining internal forces, SUPERRC imports the results of the relevant
structures and superimposes them
according to the combination criteria. The program compares the results by means of member and node
numbers. In case that members have
different lengths, SUPER-RC scales the
internal forces to a standard length
first before they are superimposed.
75
Thin-Walled
SHAPE-THIN
Cross-Section Properties and Stress Analysis
The stand-alone module SHAPE-THIN
is a powerful tool for determining
the cross-section properties and
stresses of any thin-walled
cross-section.
The main programs RSTAB and RFEM
can interact with the module so that
the cross-section properties determi
ned by SHAPE-THIN are available in
the framework or FEM program. It is
also possible to import internal forces
from RSTAB or RFEM for further
design.
Data can be entered in the graphic
or table. A DXF import is also possible. In addition, the module can be
controlled by using a special external
COM interface.
Determination of effective cross-section properties according to EN 1993-1 with classification
76
- Location of shear center yM, zM

- Warping constants IC, IM or ID
- Max./min. section moduli Sy, Sz, Su,
Sv, SM with indication of position
in cross-section as well as St
- Section ranges ru, rv
- Reduction factor lM
Plastic section properties:
Import of a DXF template
Determination of CrossSection Properties and

Stresses
Possible cross-section shapes
Open, closed, connected or nonconnected partial cross-sections
(e.g. cores of high-rise buildings)
S
ection properties:
- Cross-sectional area A
- Shear areas Ay, Az, Au, Av
- Centroid position yC, zC
- Moments of inertia Iy, Iz, Iyz, Iu,
Iv, Ip, IpM
- Radii of gyration iy, iz, iyz, iu, iv, ip, ipM
- Inclination of principal axes a
- Cross-section weight G
- Section perimeter U
- Torsional constants J, JSt. Ven., JBredt,
Jsecondary
- Axial force Npl,d

-S
hear forces Vpl,y,d, Vpl,z,d, Vpl,u,d, Vpl,v,d
- Bending moments Mpl,y,d, Mpl,z,d,
Mpl,u,d, Mpl,v,d
- Section moduli Zy, Zz, Zu, Zv
- Shear areas Apl,y, Apl,z, Apl,u, Apl,v
- Area bisection coordinates fu, fv
- Inertia ellipse
S
tatical moments and warping
statical moments:
-S
tatic moments Qu, Qv with indication of maxima as well as position and direction of shear flow
- Warping ordinates M
- Warping areas Q,M
- Cell areas Am
Stresses:
-N
ormal stresses sx due to axial
force, bending moments and
warping bimoment
-S
hear stresses t due to shear for
ces as well as primary and secondary torsional moments
-E
quivalent stresses seqv with stress
ratio of allowable stress
S
hear wall section properties of
non-connected cross-sections with
indication of forces from bending
and torsion
P
lastic calculation with determination of enlargement factor apl
C
ross-section classification according
to EN 1993-1-1 and EN 1999-1-1 as
well as check of c/t limits according
to DIN 18800
C
alculation of effective crosssections according to EN 1993-1-1,
EN 1999-1-1 and DIN 18800
Cross-section library
Library cross-section with point elements
The cross-sections are modeled by

means of nodes, single or polygonal
elements, arcs and point elements. In
addition, parameterized rectangular
and circular hollow sections as well
as a comprehensive library offering
rolled and welded cross-sections are
available.
Due to the use of point elements,
cross-sections can be modeled accurately. Elements like roundings, rectangles, circles or triangles can be
added or removed. Even the rolled
cross-sections from the library already provide appropriate point elements.
Elements can be divided or graphically connected to other elements or
cross-sections. SHAPE-THIN is able
to divide the elements automatically ensuring, by means of dummy elements, that the shear flow wont be
interrupted.
Shear wall system
A
ccess to material properties, yield
and limit stresses of an extendable
library
O
ption to define yield stress and
limit stresses depending on member thickness
S
tress analysis for primary and secondary torsional moments as well
as warping bimoments
C
alculation of ideal cross-section
properties for cross-sections consisting of different materials
O
ption to select particular table
rows for display
D
ata exchange with MS Excel for
table import and export
P
rintout report with option for a
short form printout on one page
E
xport of printout report in RTF file
or to BauText
The plastic stress design considering
plastic interactions is carried out according to the Simplex method. The
yield hypotheses can be selected according to Tresca or von Mises. As
Short form printout of combined cross-section
SHAPE-THIN also can check (c/t) limit

values, the program provides for
a complete design. The (c/t) crosssection parts of continuous elements
are recognized automatically.
You can access the cross-sections
calculated by SHAPE-THIN from
RSTAB and RFEM as well as from all
add-on modules. In addition to the
relevant cross-section properties, the
programs import the cross-sectional
geometry so that the cross-section
can be visualized appropriately
in the RSTAB or RFEM rendering.
Composite cross-section
Features
M
odeling of roundings by using arc
elements
C
ontrollable treatment of overlaps
for calculation
O
ption to divide cross-sections into
elements and to arrange elements
in groups as cross-sections
Import of member internal forces
from RSTAB and RFEM
Thin-Walled
Plastic resistance with interaction: normal stresses sx, plastic normal stresses sx,pl
77
Solid
SHAPE-MASSIVE
Cross-Section Properties, Stress Analysis and
Reinforced Concrete Design
The stand-alone program SHAPEMASSIVE determines cross-section
properties of massive cross-sections. In addition, it is possible to
perform a general stress analysis
or reinforced concrete design according to the following standards:
N 1992-1-1
E
DIN 1045-1
DIN 1045
NORM B 4700
The cross-sections for SHAPE-MASSIVE

are available in RFEM and RSTAB using
the same cross-section library. Of
course, it is also possible to import
internal forces from RSTAB or RFEM
in SHAPE-MASSIVE for further design.
Bridge section with concrete and steel strains
-P
lastic section moduli Wy,pl, Wz,pl,
Wu,pl, Wv,pl with factors apl
78
Section of pre-stressed concrete
Cross-Section Properties and

Designs
S
ection properties:
- Cross-sectional area A
- Shear areas Ay, Az with and without transversal shear
- Centroid position yS, zS
- Moments of inertia Iy, Iz, Iu, Iv, Iyz, Ip
- Torsional constant It
- Radii of gyration iy, iz, iyz, iu, iv, ip
- Inclination of principal axes a
- Cross-section weight G
- Cross-section perimeter U
- Location of shear center yM, zM
- Warping constants IS, IM
- Max./min. section moduli Wy, Wz,
Wu, Wv with indication of position
in cross-section
- Torsional section modulus Wt
- Stability parameters rM,u, rM,v,
ru,Kindem, rv,Kindem, r,M
- Prandtl stress function F
- Warping function
- Inertia ellipse
S
tress analysis:
- Normal stresses sx due to axial
force and bending moments
- Shear stresses t due to shear
forces and torsional moment
- Equivalent stresses seqv (yield
hypotheses from Mises or Tresca)
including comparison with limit
stress
R
einforced concrete design:
- Stresses s and strains e for
concrete and reinforcements
- Calculation for state of failure
(design safety) or for available
internal forces
- Position of neutral axis
- Curvatures ky, kz
- Determination of required reinforcement according to priorities
You can model all cross-sections freely,
using shapes defined by polygonal
surfaces including cutouts and point
Equivalent stresses of a casing section
areas (reinforcements). In addition, a

DXF interface is integrated to import
geometrical data.
Specifications for reinforcement bar
Stress points can be arranged automatically or individually. A comprehensive and extendable material
library facilitates the modeling of
composite cross-sections.
Finally, SHAPE-MASSIVE allows you to
control the curtailment of reinforcements by specifying limit diameters
and priorities. In addition to the concrete cover it is possible to take into
account prestress.
Crane Girder Analysis According to Eurocode 3,

CRANEWAY is a stand-alone program and designs crane runway
girders. For a design according to
EN 1993-6 it is possible to select
the crane type (overhead or traveling crane).
The following designs are possible:
S
tress design for crane runway and
welds
A
nalysis of fatigue behavior and
fatigue design for crane runway
and welds
Deformation analysis
P
late buckling design for wheel
load introduction
Geometry
You define beam length, supports,
stiffeners, material (S235 - S460) and
cross-sections.
The following cross-section types are
available:
I-shaped rolled sections can be
combined with angle irons or chan
nel sections as well as rail or splice
using customized dimensions.
U
nsymmetrical I-sections also with
angle irons or C-sections and rail
or splice
Actions
Actions of up to three cranes operat
ing at the same time can be consid
ered by the program. In the simplest
case, you select a standard crane
from the library, but specifications
can also be entered manually.
N
umber of cranes and crane axes
(maximum: four per crane), center
distances, position of crane buffers
C
lassification into lifting class and
exposure category
V
ertical and horizontal wheel loads
due to self-weight, lifting capacity,
mass forces from drive as well as
skewing
Input of crane parameters and crane loads
Imperfections
Applying imperfections follows the
first eigenmode that is assigned
either automatically or manually for
each load combination. For scaling
eigenmodes CRANEWAY provides
comfortable tools (rise of precamber).
loads according to EN 1993-6

or DIN 18800-3.
Calculation
Based on particular crane positions,
CRANEWAY generates load cases and
result combinations with corresponding partial safety factors. The calcula
tion is carried out according to secondorder analysis for torsional buckling.
A stability analysis against lateraltorsional buckling is performed, in
addition to stress design, by considering imperfections. For the deformation analysis, fatigue design as well
as determination of support forces
further result combinations are calculated with characteristic values,
considering relevant dynamic coeffi
cients. The calculation also includes
the buckling design, taking into
account local introduction of wheel
Deformations and diagram of internal forces
Combinatorics in CRANEWAY
Analysis for Fatigue

The fatigue design is performed
for up to three cranes operating
at the same time, based on the concept of nominal stress according to
EN 1993-1-9.
When fatigue is analyzed in accord
ance with DIN 4132, CRANEWAY records the stress curve of crane passages for each stress point to evaluate data according to the Rainflow
method.
Analysis results are arranged in
tables, sorted by different topics.
In addition to the work window
showing the RSTAB/RFEM model,
the window for result diagrams can
be used for graphical evaluations
and design documentation.
Steel
S
tability analysis for lateral-torsional
buckling according to second-order
analysis for torsional buckling
CRANEWAY
79
Composite
COMPOSITE-BEAM
Composite Beam Design According to DIN V ENV 1994-1-1
COMPOSITE-BEAM is a stand-alone
program and allows for the design
of continuous composite beams
according to DIN V ENV 1994-1-1.
The structure and load data is enter
ed in clearly arranged tables. When
starting the calculation, the static
system including all boundary conditions and loads is generated in RSTAB.
Thus, a reliable calculation of internal
forces is ensured considering even
the ideal cross-section properties.
The program analyzes internal forces
and carries out all relevant designs
according to DIN V ENV 1994-1-1 in
connection with DIN V ENV 1992-1-1
and DIN V ENV 1993-1-1.
The results are displayed in tables,
too. Based on the required designs,
these tables are clearly arranged,
which makes the navigation easier
when evaluating results.
Checking the input and evaluating

the results is supported by 3D visualization. All graphics can be integrated
in the printout report for documentation purposes.
80
Structure Input
S
ingle-span and continuous beams
with definable boundary conditions
(supports, releases)
A
utomatic determination of effective cross-sections
C
onstruction supports for con
struction stage can be freely
arranged
Cross-sections of composite beams
F loor structure as
- Cast-in-place concrete
- Cast-in-place with haunch
- Pre-cast concrete slab with in-situ
concrete flange
- Profiled steel sheeting with in-situ
concrete
Results for shear connection with intermediate values
C
ross-sections varying over beam
length with and without concrete
encasement
Internal Forces
R
einforcement of flange and encasement varying over beam length
C
alculation of elastic internal forces
with RSTAB
P
rofile stiffeners, square and round
openings in web
Redistribution of moments
Load Input
D
esign for bending and shear force
resistance with interaction
F ree definition of concentrated, linear and linearly variable loads as

fixed and variable loads, specifying
concrete age on loading
C
onsideration of freely definable
construction loads as well as movable construction loads
Automatic load combination
Ultimate Limit State
P
artial shear connection with ductile connectors
D
etermination of required shear
connectors and their distribution
D
esign for longitudinal shear force
resistance
O
utput of governing support reactions for construction and composite stage including loads of construction supports
Design for lateral torsional buckling
Serviceability Limit State

Limitation of crack widths
R
olled cross-sections and singly
symmetrical welded I-sections of
RSTAB cross-section library
C
ross-sections of class 1 and 2 with
plastic designs, cross-sections of
class 3 and 4 with elastic designs
C
alculation of cross-section properties according to method 1 or 2
Check of natural frequency
Graphic of reinforcement and shear connectors
D
eformations and initial precambering determined by the ideal
cross-section properties from creep
and shrinkage
Glued-laminated Beam
Continuous Beam
Purlin
The stand-alone programs
RX-TIMBER Continuous Beam,
RX-TIMBER Purlin and RX-TIMBER
Glued-laminated Beam are used
for the design of multi-span and
glued-laminated beams with
regard to the ultimate and the
serviceability limit state as well
as to fire protection.
The designs are performed
according to
E
urocode 5 (EN 1995-1-1 including
various NAs)
DIN 1052:2008-12
Features of Glulam
D
esign for the following beam
types:
- parallel beam
- monopitch roof beam
- duopitch roof beam with straight
bottom chord
- curved beam
- duopitch roof beam with inclined
bottom chord and constant or
variable height
- fish beam
H
andling of unsymmetrical beams
with or without cantilevers
O
ption to consider stiffening
elements for transversal tension
M
aterial library for both standards
as well as for roof structure loads
E
asy geometry input with useful
graphics
D
etermination of support forces
and deformations
Type and properties of a glued-laminated beam
Generators allow for a comfortable

creation of different wind and snow
load cases according to EN 1991 or
DIN 1055.
The loads are represented graphically
and combined automatically accord
ing to EN 1990/EN 1995 or DIN 1055/
DIN 1052.
For the serviceability limit state
design, it is possible to define limit
values of deformations. Optionally,
you can consider a precamber for
the beam.
For the fire resistance design, the
program allows for detailed specifi
cations like determining the crosssection sides where charring occurs.
Features of Continuous
Beam/Purlin
D
esign of single-span and continu
ous beams as well as hinged girder
systems (Gerber) with or without
cantilevers
RX-TIMBER
Automatic load determination

Vibration design
C
alculation of coupling elements
in coupling zone (nails, specific
dowels, bolts or free selection)
S
hear force reduction and moment
redistribution
A
llocation of framework to service
classes and specification of service
class categories
Design overview with display of design details
L ink to MS Excel and controllable

via COM interface
Several variations are available for
selection when modeling the beam.
Entering geometry data is facilitated
by images showing the relevant
modifications immediately.
A comprehensive and extendable
material library makes the input
of all permanent loads easier.
Timber
Info icon for successful or failed

design
81
Timber
RX-TIMBER
Column
Frame
Brace
Roof
The stand-alone programs

RX-TIMBER Column, RX-TIMBER
Frame, RX-TIMBER Brace and
RX-TIMBER Roof are used to design
timber columns, frames, bracings
or roofs with regard to their ultimate and serviceability limit state
as well as to fire protection.
The designs are performed
according to:
E
urocode 5 (EN 1995-1-1 including
various NAs)
DIN 1052:2008-12
Features of Column
D
esign of rectangular and round
columns
D
esign of hinged columns and
brackets with or without elastic end
restraints
A
utomatic determination of effec
tive lengths for buckling and lateral
torsional buckling
82
L oad input considering class of load

duration and service class as well as
eccentricities
Features of Frame
D
esign of symmetrical or asymmet
ric frames as well as of half-frames
D
ovetailed frame joints with or
without intermediate piece
D
etailed definition options con
cerning building and frame geometry for load determination
A
utomatic calculation of buckling
lengths
A
utomatic generation of wind and
snow loads
D
XF interface to create production
documents in CAD
L ist of designs indicating relevant
texts in standards
D
etermination of support forces
and deformations
D
etailed setting options for fire
protection design
Type and boundary conditions for a brace
P
rintout report with all required designs prepared for test engineer
E
asy modeling of frames due to dynamic graphics
Features of Brace
D
esign of symmetric and asymmet
ric roof bracings
M
onopitch, duopitch and curved
roof available as roof shapes
D
efinition of steel diagonals and
posts, comprehensive cross-section
database is provided
Import of equivalent loads and geometrical data from RX-TIMBER
Glulam
E
ccentricities and displacements,
user-defined or selected from available database
N
on-linear calculation in RX-TIMBER
to take into account non-linearities
of materials, with manual definition
of number of load increments, load
steps etc.
Features of Roof
D
esign of rafters existing in roof
structure
A
utomatic load generation for different roof shapes
C
alculation in all three limit states
(load bearing capacity, serviceability,
fire protection)
Design overview for a frame with intermediate results
Designed with Dlubal Software...
In June 2013, one of the worlds

highest timber look-out constructions was opened in Austria, on
the Pyramidenkogel, a mountain in
Carinthia. The tower including the
spire is 100 m high. It has four accessible viewing platforms, one is
closed and three are open, offering a breathtaking view over the
Alps-Adriatic region and the lakes
of Carinthia. The spiral shape being
a symbol for growth and development was the choice of the architects
Klaura + Kaden.
Another highlight of the tower is
Europes highest roofed slide with a
height of almost 52 m. It is built inside the construction. Riders can
reach a velocity of up to 25 km/h.
Product Overview
Look-Out Tower on
Pyramidenkogel,
Austria
3D model visualized in RSTAB and

mode shape calculated in DYNAM
(screen shot: Dlubal)
Tower Construction
The structure of the look-out tower is
composed of a spatial framework.
The structural analysis of this extraordinary building was created by

LACKNER + RAML using RSTAB.
www.lackner-rsml.at
Tower full view
Interior view of Skybox

(photos: Klaura)
An essential component of the main

structural system is the frame structure consisting of 16 curved larch
wood columns with a cross-section
of 32/144 cm. Ten elliptical steel rings
with a box section of 440/160 connect the columns. The vertical spacing between the rings is 6.40 m.
The loads of the towers upper levels and of

the tower top are transferred onto the eighth
level where two girders are arranged with
supporting cables, absorbing these loads
and transferring them to the columns. The
Skybox, a closed and sheltered building
unit, lies between the eighth and ninth level.
Above, there are the open viewing platforms.
The time needed for constructing the tower
on the Pyramidenkogel was only eight months.
Building owner
Pyramidenkogelinfrastruktur GmbH & Co. KG
www.pyramidenkogel-ktn.at
The third supporting component of

the tower building is based on eight
diagonal strands which are steel
tubes running from the tower base
to the steeple.
Architect
Klaura + Kaden ZT GmbH Architekten
www.klaura.at, www.kaden.at
Visitors can climb the platforms by

using either the transparent panora
mic lift or one of the two stairways.
Software
www.dlubal.de
Structural Analysis
LACKNER + RAML Ziviltechniker GmbH
www.lackner-raml.at

at www.dlubal.com
83
Product Overview
An Overview of the Company

Since its creation in 1987, Dlubal
Software deals with the development and service of software used
for structural analysis. The main program RSTAB was actually one of the
first spatial framework programs and
promptly spread in use in Germany.
The young company grew very quickly. With the creation of Dlubal s.r.o.
in Prague, the cornerstone for a powerful development team was laid.
Despite the ups and downs in

the construction industry, Dlubal
Software is growing. The company
keeps introducing innovative products
and gaining market share, including
new customers
worldwide.
During the construction boom of the

1990s, the company made significant advances in German-speaking
countries and beyond. New program
modules were rapidly introduced, followed by the FEM solution RFEM for
the civil engineering market.
The names Dlubal, RSTAB and RFEM
have become synonyms for structural
analysis software because of its quality and efficiency.
Dlubal Headquarter
Prague
Dlubal Headquarter
Tiefenbach
The softwares recipe for success lies

in its simple handling, allowing immediate application to current projects. Fine technical details add to
the programs usability. At the point
where other software programs meet
their limits, Dlubal software shows
the strength of its flexibility.
Due to a close relationship to our
customers and helpful suggestions
from our users, we are generating
practical software. In order to
84
realize useful tips quickly, a team of

experienced engineers, specializing in
steel, reinforced concrete and timber
construction, is looking for fast
implementation.
Dlubal Software is an independent

company concentrating mainly on
the customers needs rather than
following strategic plans of the
larger software market.
lignaconsult.com

at www.dlubal.com
Product Overview
Some Company Details

Employees in Tiefenbach and
Leipzig, Germany: 42
(sales, support, development)
Employees in Prague: 140
(development, sales)
Number of sold licenses: approx. 8000
Customers all over the world:

Germany, Austria, Switzerland, UK, France, Netherlands, Belgium,
Luxembourg, Portugal, Hungary, Poland, Czech Republic, Denmark,
Sweden, Finland, Norway, Slovenia, Greece, Turkey, Italy, USA, Canada,
South Korea, Brazil, Peru, China, Russia, Spain, Mexico, Chile, Uruguay...
Dlubal Office
Leipzig
www.ifs-peter-partner.de
Objectives
The general conditions of software
development are changing regularly
and quickly. This is also true for
civil engineering offices where
changing standards and new
technical possibilities for structural
analysis must be accommodated.
In addition to the assurance of our
leading position in the core markets,
the following objectives are of
primary importance:
T
he ever-changing building standards in structural analysis require
an international and powerful company. Dlubal Software rises to this
challenge and is implementing international standards as well as
Eurocodes step by step.
www.josef-gartner.de
E
xtending the existing program
families according to the current
needs of our customers.
O
pen-sourcing our software so that
programs can be optimally implemented in the existing workflow of
customers.
To achieve these objectives, we are

taking part in several trade fairs
and seminars. An overview of these
events can be seen on our website
at www.dlubal.com.
Many engineering offices, planning
agencies, companies and groups are
already using Dlubal software. Some
of them can be found in the reference list at the end of this booklet.

at www.dlubal.com
85
Product Overview
References
86
Many Companies
Already Trust in
Dlubal Software
Nothing is more important to us than
satisfied customers. We are also proud
that recommendations of colleagues
who already work with Dlubal software continue to call attention to our
programs. Perhaps you know one or
more of the companies listed below so
that you can try to find out first hand
how customers are satisfied with our
software, our customer support and
the performance of programs.
Companies successfully
using our programs:
3G Gruppe Geotechnik Graz, A-Graz
ARCH&ART, TR-Izmir
Abengoa, E-Sevilla
Acht. Ziviltechniker, A-Wien
Adviesbureau Luning, NL-HC Doetinchem
Ahmadiah Contracting & Trading, KWT-Safat
Alpi, I-Welsberg
Alpine-Energie Deutschland, Biberach
Alstom, Stuttgart, CH-Baden, USA-Windsor (CT)
Amte Consulting Engineers, GR-Athen
Arborescence, F-Bourg-Saint-Maurice
ArcelorMittal, Bremen
Areva, F-Paris
AREVA NP, Erlangen, Offenbach am Main,
FIN-Olkiluoto
ASFINAG, A-Wien
ATP, Mnchen, Offenbach am Main,
A-Innsbruck, A-Wien
Audi, Ingolstadt
B&W Mechanical Handling,
GB-Cambridgeshire
Babcock Borsig Service, Oberhausen
Babcock Noell, Wrzburg
Balfour Beatty Rail, Mnchen
BASF, Ludwigshafen
BauCon, A-Zell am See
Bayer Technology Services, Leverkusen
Bernard Ingenieure, A-Hall in Tirol
Bilfinger Berger, Wiesbaden
Bombardier Transportation, Netphen
Bosch Rexroth, Wiesbaden
Bundesanstalt fr Materialforschung, Berlin
Bundesanstalt fr Wasserbau, Karlsruhe
Burk-Kleinpeter, USA-New Orleans (LA)
China Nuclear Power Engineering Corporation,
CHN-Shenzhen
Commodore Contracting, UAE-Abu Dhabi
DB ProjektBau, Berlin
DB International, Berlin
DB Netz, Dresden
DEKRA, Berlin
Demag Cranes & Components, Wetter
Dematic, Nrnberg, Offenbach am Main
Design Institute of NPIC, CHN-Chengdu
Deutsche Shell, Hamburg
Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Hamburg
Dexion Australia, AUS-Kings Park
E.ON Engineering, Gelsenkirchen

E.ON IT, Hannover
EADS Deutschland, Immenstaad
EDF CNEN, F-Montrouge Cedex
Ellimetal, B-Meeuwen
Elu Konsult, S-Danderyd
Ernst Basler + Partner, CH-Zrich
Europoles, Neumarkt
Fast+Epp, CDN-Vancouver (BC)
fischer Befestigungssysteme, Waldachtal,
GB-Wallingford
Fritsch, Chiari & Partner, A-Wien
Gauthier Consultants, CDN-Longueuil (QC)
Germanischer Lloyd, Hamburg, ET-Kairo,
IND-Navi Mumbai
Glckel Holzbau, A-Ober-Grafendorf
Gruner, CH-Basel, CH-Brugg
Haas Fertigbau, Falkenberg, A-Growilfersdorf,
CZ-Horadovice
Hring Engineering, CH-Pratteln
Hilti, Kaufering, FL-Schaan
Hochtief Construction, Frankfurt am Main
Holzbau, I-Brixen
IMPaC Offshore Engineering, Hamburg
Kaas Industri, DK-Rodekro
K+S data process, Kassel
Krebs und Kiefer, Darmstadt
Liebherr, Biberach, Ehingen, A-Nenzing
Limtrteknik, S-Falun
Linde-KCA-Dresden, Dresden
Linde, Pullach
Lloyds Register, Hamburg, DK-Hellerup,
GB-London, I-Triest
MAN Diesel & Turbo, Augsburg, IND-Aurangabad
Max Bgl Bauservice, Sengenthal
Max-Planck-Institut fr Plasmaphysik, Greifswald
MERO-SCHMIDLIN, GB-Camberley
MERO-TSK International, Wrzburg
Moelven Treboda, S-Treboda
Novum Structures, Veitshchheim,
USA-Menomonee Falls (WI)
OTIS, A-Wien
Pabinger & Partner, A-Krumpendorf
PERI, Weienhorn
Quarry & Mining, UAE-Ras al-Khaimah
RAG Deutsche Steinkohle, Herne
RWE, Dortmund, Essen
SAG, Essen
Scandinavian WeldTech, Kritzmow
Schaefer Systems International, Neunkirchen,
A-Wels, CH-Neunkirch, GB-Andover,
MAL-Johor, USA-Charlotte (NC)

at www.dlubal.com
Tecnimont, I-Mailand
Thyssen Schachtbau, Mlheim an der Ruhr
ThyssenKrupp Anlagenservice, Oberhausen
ThyssenKrupp Elevator, E-Gijn
ThyssenKrupp Engineering, AUS-Stirling
ThyssenKrupp Fahrtreppen, Hamburg
ThyssenKrupp Frdertechnik, St. Ingbert,
BR-Belo Horizonte
ThyssenKrupp GfT Bautechnik, Essen
ThyssenKrupp Robins, USA-Greenwood Village (CO)
ThyssenKrupp Steel AG, Duisburg
timbatec, CH-Thun
Timmers Cranes and Steelworks,
B-Houthalen-Helchteren
TIWAG, A-Innsbruck
Thornton Tomasetti, USA-New York (NY)
TKMS Blohm + Voss Nordseewerke, Hamburg
Trebyggeriet, N-Hornnes
Trelleborg Marine Systems,
F-Rueil-Malmaison Cedex, GB-Malmesbury
TR-ENGINEERING, L-Luxemburg
Trimo, SLO-Trebnje
Tuchschmid, CH-Frauenfeld
TV Austria, A-Wien
TV Hessen, Darmstadt
TV Nord, Hamburg, Hannover
TV Pfalz, Kaiserslautern
TV Rheinland, Kln
TV Sd, Dresden, Filderstadt, Leverkusen,
Mannheim, Mnchen
Tyrns, S-Stockholm
Umdasch, A-Amstetten
Unger Stahlbau, A-Oberwart
Vattenfall Europe Information Services, Berlin
Vector Foiltec, Bremen, GB-London
Votec Systems, NL-TR Oud Gastel
Waagner Biro, A-Wien
Werkraum Wien, A-Wien
Werner Consult, A-Wien
Westinghouse Electric Germany, Mannheim
WGG Schnetzer Puskas, CH-Basel
Wiecon, RC-Taipei
WIEHAG GmbH, A-Altheim
WSP, CHN-Shanghai, FIN-Helsinki, S-Lulea
Wrth, A-Bheimkirchen
Yuanda, CHN-Shenyang, CH-Basel
Universities
FH Aachen RWTH Aachen NTU Athens (GR) FH Augsburg
HTW Berlin TU Berlin Ruhr-Uni Bochum STU Bratislava (SK)
TU Braunschweig Mendel University Brno (CZ) VUT Brno
(CZ) Vrije Universiteit Brussel (B) IS Engenharia Coimbra (P)
BTU Cottbus Damascus University (SYR) TU Darmstadt
TUDortmund TU Dresden FH Dsseldorf Uni Duisburg-Essen
FH Frankfurt am Main FH Joanneum Graz (A) TU Graz (A)
TUHamburg-Harburg Leibniz Uni Hannover UT Gheorghe Asachi
Iasi (RO) Uni Innsbruck (A) FH Krnten (A) TU Kaiserslautern
Uni Kassel TU Koice (SK) EPFL Lausanne (CH) HTWK
Leipzig Uni Leipzig IST - Universidade Tcnica de Lisboa (P)
ISTLuxembourg (L) Uni Luxembourg (L) HS Luzern (CH) OvGUni Magdeburg HTL Mdling (A) ITESM Monterrey Campus
Tampico (MX) TU Mnchen Uni der Bundeswehr Mnchen
FH Mnster University Of Nebraska (USA) FH Nordwestschweiz
(CH) UWB Pilsen (CZ) FH Potsdam CTU Prag (CZ) Princeton
University (USA) HS Rapperswil (CH) Riga TU (LV) Uni Rostock
FH Salzburg (A) Instituto Politcnico de Setubl (P) Universidad
de Sevilla (E) Uni Siegen Uni Stuttgart Szczecin University Of
Technology (PL) PMU Thanjavur (IND) Democritus University
Of Thrace (GR) U. Trs-os Montes e Alto Douro (P) Instituto
Politcnico de Viseu (P) Bauhaus-Uni Weimar HTL Wien (A)
TU Wien (A) Uni fr angewandte Kunst Wien (A) Uni fr
Bodenkultur Wien (A) Bergische Uni Wuppertal Universidad de
Zaragoza (E) University of ilina (SK)
...and more than 7,000

other users worldwide
Schmidlin-TSK, CH-Aesch
Schck Bauteile, Baden-Baden, NL-Apeldoorn
Schroeder & Associes, L-Luxemburg
SFS intec, CH-Heerbrugg
SGS Germany, Hamburg
SGS-TV, Sulzbach
Shell Global Solutions, Gummersbach
Siemens, Erlangen, Nrnberg, A-Wien, CZ-Prag
Siemens Power Engineering, IND-Haryana
Siemens VAI, Willsttt, A-Linz
spannverbund, Waldems-Esch, L-Roedt
SPX Cooling Technologies, Ratingen, B-Brssel
Stella & Stengel und Partner, A-Wien
Stow International, B-Hasselt
87
With the trial version you can learn more

about our programs, get acquainted with
the handling and calculate structural systems.
See for yourself how easy it is to work with
Dlubal software.
If you need help with the first
steps with RFEM and RSTAB, go to
www.dlubal.com/en/for-beginners.aspx
where you can find introductory examples
and tutorials, videos and webinars, manuals
and information about our service contracts.
If you are looking for the answer to a par
ticular question, browse the FAQ page,
visit the Dlubal blog or follow us on social
networks where you can find numerous tips
and tricks as well as solutions for everyday
problems occurring in many engineering offices. We would also be happy to advise you
directly by phone or video call.
You also have the possibility to participate
in our free webinars, where we give you
insight into the operation of our software,
show you new features and can discuss
questions in detail.
In order to purchase the full version
of the software, use our Webshop
on www.dlubal.com or contact
our service team which will be
glad to assist you in putting
together your individual
program package.
Get the program upgrade.

Please contact us or order online
at www.dlubal.com.
Service Contracts
Customer service is one of the main corner
stones of the Dlubal company mission.
The interest in our customers does not end
at the point of sale. We offer additional
support if it is needed for your daily work.
With a service contract your questions
will be taken care of with highest
priority and you get upgrades at
better rates.
For more information about our service
contracts, contact us directly or visit our
website at www.dlubal.com.
Dynamics
Connections
Glass
You are already using RFEM or RSTAB?
Tower
Would you like to know more about RFEM

and RSTAB? Ask for a free trial version
without obligation or use the download
option at www.dlubal.com.
Timber
Upgrades
Concrete
Steel
Get to know us
Technical
Support
Our technical engineers are available to
all customers whenever there is a question
about Dlubal programs. Just send your
question by e-mail or fax. The questions
will be answered in the order received and
only after enquiries of customers having
a service contract have been completed.
The extent and speed of response depend on
the type of service contract you have purchased.
We welcome any feedback you may
have on our products. Your comments
and suggestions for improvements are
important to us.
Further
Information:
Am Zellweg 2, D-93464 Tiefenbach
Tel.: +49 9673 9203-0
Fax: +49 9673 9203-51
www.dlubal.com
info@dlubal.com
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Dlubal Software GmbH

Structural Analysis and Design Software

Dlubal - Product Overview

 F-STEEL NTC-DF New

STEEL NTC-DF New

Download the current

 IN 1045-1 for RFEM

 IA 262 for RFEM

 CI 318-11 for RFEM

 CI 318-11 for RSTAB

Dlubal Software GmbH

J OINTS Steel Tower New

Tel.: +49 9673 9203-0

Download the current Product Overview

4.1 Stand-Alone Programs - Steel

4.2 Stand-Alone Programs - Composite

4.3 Stand-Alone Programs - Timber

Download the current Product Overview

FEA Analysis for Plates, Walls, Shells, Solids

RFEM user interface with navigator, graphic and table ( www.ibehlenz.de)

Download the current Product Overview at www.dlubal.com

Convert Nodal Load to Surface Load

RFEM is the appropriate program to

sents the perfect tool for a smooth

Structure creation in CAD-like environment or by table input

Generation of torispherical and vaulted heads, with or without loads

Surface modeling using preset sur

Generation of wind loads according to EN 1991-1-4

Immediate check of input by means

Download the current Product Overview at www.dlubal.com

Graphical User Interface

Results and Printout

Equivalent stresses for solid

Download the current Product Overview at www.dlubal.com

Incremental application of loads

Editing structures in rendering

F unction Regenerate Structure to

Internal forces of selected surfaces of a bridge construction with sections ( www.elu.se)

Download the current Product Overview at www.dlubal.com

Output in German, English, French,

Preview in printout report with automated graphics

Result diagrams of sections with smooth range

File formats for data export

Download the current Product Overview at www.dlubal.com

Graphic of stress points

Graphical representation of stress ratio for a steel hall

Members and sets of members can

assignment of colors and corresponding values can be adjusted.

After the designs completion, the

The diagrams for result distribution

Optimization parameters of an I-section

The automatic optimization of crosssections is a special RF-/STEEL feature.

Detailed representation of stresses on the cross-section

Download the current Product Overview at www.dlubal.com

Display of stresses sorted by surfaces

you want to design and to check the

The results tables and graphics can

Subsequent to the design, all stresses

Serviceability limit state design

Equivalent stresses of base plate with surface-related extreme values

Cross-section classification, automatically or manually

Graphical representation of design results of RF-STEEL EC3 in RFEM

F ire resistance design considering

The design situations according to

F-STEEL NTC-DF New

STEEL NTC-DF New

IN 1045-1 for RFEM

IA 262 for RFEM

CI 318-11 for RFEM

CI 318-11 for RSTAB

J OINTS Steel Tower New

Structure creation in CAD-like environment or by table input

Surface modeling using preset sur

Immediate check of input by means

Incremental application of loads

Editing structures in rendering

F unction Regenerate Structure to

Output in German, English, French,

Graphic of stress points

Serviceability limit state design

Cross-section classification, automatically or manually

F ire resistance design considering

Design of any cross-section specified in Eurocode 3

F ilter options for results in tables

Integrated eigenvalue analysis to

L arge selection of cross-sections,

Detailed results documentation

Clearly structured input and output tables

Clearly arranged module windows

Detailed results documentation