1987 PHILIPPINE CONSTITUTION

ARTICLE II
Section 9. The State shall ___________ a _______and ________social order that
will __________ the _____________and _______________of the nation and
____________the people from _____________ through policies that provide
____________ social services, promote ________ _____________, a
_________standard of living, and an ____________quality of _________for all.
Section 10. The State shall promote _________ ___________ in all
__________of national _______________.
Section 11. The State ___________ the ____________of every human person
and _____________ full _____________for human rights.
Section 13. The State recognizes the _________ role of the _________in
___________-____________and shall promote and protect their ___________,
___________, ___________, _______________, and ___________well-being. It
shall ___________in the youth ______________and nationalism, and encourage
their _____________ in public and ___________affairs.
Section 14. The State _______________ the role of ____________in nationbuilding, and shall ensure the _______________ ____________before the law of
women and men.
Section 18. The State ____________ labor as a primary _________
_____________ force. It shall protect the _________of ____________and
promote their ______________.
Section 20. The State recognizes the ________________role of the __________
____________, encourages private ______________, and provides
______________to _______________investments.

ARTICLE III
Section 1. No person shall be deprived of ______, ____________, or
__________without due process of law, nor shall any person be denied the
___________ _______________of the laws.

Section 4. No law shall be passed _______________the freedom of speech, of

_____________, or of the ___________, or the right of the people
_____________to assemble and ____________the government for __________of
grievances.
Section 7. The right of the people to ______________on matters of public
____________shall be recognized. Access to official __________, and to
documents and papers _____________to ________acts, ____________, or
_____________, as well as to government ___________ __________used as
basis for ____________development, shall be afforded the citizen, subject to such
________________ as may be provided by law.
Section 8. The right of the people, including those ____________in the
__________and _____________sectors, to form _________, associations, or
___________ for purposes not contrary to law shall not be ___________.
Section 10. No law ______________the ____________ of contracts shall be
passed.
Section 16. All persons shall have the right to a __________ ______________of
their cases before all ___________, ______-_________, or
_____________bodies.
Section 18.
1. No person shall be ____________ ________by reason of his political
beliefs and ______________.
2. No _____________ ______________in any form shall exist except as a
_______________ for a crime whereof the party shall have been duly
______________.

ARTICLE VI
Section 5.
1. The House of Representatives shall be _____________of not more than
_____ ____________ and _________ members, unless otherwise fixed by
law, who shall be ___________ from legislative districts
____________among the provinces, cities, and the Metropolitan Manila
area in ______________with the number of their respective ___________,

and on the basis of a _________and _____________ratio, and those who,

as provided by law, shall be elected through a party-list system of registered
__________, ____________, and ___________parties or organizations.
2. The party-list representatives shall constitute __________ ___ ________of
the total number of _______________including those under the party list.
For three ___________terms after the _____________of this Constitution,
one-half of the seats allocated to party-list representatives shall be filled, as
provided by law, by _____________or election from the _________,
___________, urban poor, ___________ _________ communities, women,
___________, and such other sectors as may be provided by law, except
the religious sector.
3. Each legislative district shall comprise, as far as practicable, contiguous,
compact, and adjacent territory. Each city with a population of at least two
hundred fifty thousand, or each province, shall have at least one
representative.
4. Within three years following the return of every census, the Congress shall
make a reapportionment of legislative districts based on the standards
provided in this section.

ARTICLE IX
Section 2. No member of a Constitutional Commission shall, during his
__________, hold any other _________or __________. Neither shall he engage in
the ___________ of any profession or in the __________ management or
__________of any __________which, in any way, may be affected by the functions
of his office, nor shall he be ____________ interested, directly or indirectly, in any
____________with, or in any ____________or privilege granted by the
Government, any of its subdivisions, agencies, or _______________, including
government-owned or controlled corporations or their _____________.
Section 5. The Commission shall enjoy fiscal autonomy. Their approved annual
appropriations shall be automatically and regularly released.

ARTICLE IX-B

Section 2(3). No _____________ or _______________of the civil service shall be

____________ or _____________ except for cause provided by law.
Section 5. The Congress shall provide for the _______________of
_______________of _______________officials and employees, including those in
government-owned or controlled corporations with __________ ____________,
taking into account the nature of the ______________ pertaining to, and the
______________ required for, their positions.

ARTICLE XII
Section 1. The _________ of the national economy are a more
_____________distribution of ___________, income, and __________; a
____________ increase in the amount of goods and services produced by the
nation for the ____________ of the people; and an _______________productivity
as the key to _________ the __________of life for all, especially the
_______________.
The State shall promote ________________and full employment based on sound
______________ _______________and agrarian __________, through industries
that make full of ___________ use of human and natural ____________, and
which are ____________ in both domestic and foreign ____________. However,
the State shall ___________ Filipino ____________ against ___________ foreign
competition and trade _______________.
In the pursuit of these goals, all sectors of the economy and all regions of the
country shall be given _____________ opportunity to __________. Private
enterprises, including ______________, _______________, and similar collective
organizations, shall be encouraged to ____________the base of their ownership.
Section 12. The State shall promote the _____________ use of Filipino labor,
_____________ materials and __________ ____________goods, and adopt
measures that help make them _____________.
Section 14. The sustained development of a _______________of national
_________consisting of Filipino ____________, ______________, professionals,
managers, high-level technical ______________ and skilled workers and
craftsmen in all fields shall be promoted by the State. The State shall encourage
appropriate _________________ and regulate its ___________for the national

benefit. The practice of all ________________in the Philippines shall be limited to

Filipino citizens, save in cases prescribed by law.

ARTICLE XIII
Section 1. The Congress shall give highest _____________ to the enactment of
measures that protect and ________________the right of all the people to human
___________, reduce social, _____________, and political ______________, and
remove cultural inequities by ____________ _____________wealth and political
power for the _____________ good.
To this end, the State shall regulate the ______________, ownership, use, and
disposition of property and its _______________.
Section 2. The promotion of social justice shall include the ______________to
create ____________ ________________ based on freedom of
____________and self-reliance.
LABOR
Section 3. The State shall afford full ______________to labor, local and
____________, organized and unorganized, and promote ________
_______________and ___________ of employment opportunities for all.
It shall guarantee the rights of all workers ________-__________, collective
____________and ____________, and peaceful ____________activities,
including the right to __________ in accordance with law. They shall be entitled to
___________ of tenure, _____________conditions of work, and a _________
wage. They shall also participate in policy and decision-making processes affecting
their rights and benefits as may be provided by law.
The State shall promote the principle of ____________ responsibility between
workers and employers and the _______________ use of ____________
___________in settling ______________, including _____________, and shall
enforce their mutual compliance therewith to foster industrial ___________.
The State shall _____________ the relations between workers and employers,
recognizing the right of _________ to its just share in the fruits of
______________and the right of enterprises to reasonable ___________to
investments, and to _____________and growth.
AGRARIAN AND NATURAL RESOURCES REFORM
Section 4. The State shall, by law, undertake an _____________ __________
program founded on the right of ___________and regular farmworkers who are
_____________, to own directly or _______________the lands they till or, in the
case of other farmworkers, to receive a just ________of the fruits thereof. To this
end, the State shall encourage and undertake the just ____________of all

agricultural lands, subject to such priorities and reasonable ___________ limits as

the Congress may prescribe, taking into account ____________, developmental,
or equity ____________, and subject to the payment of just compensation. In
determining retention limits, the State shall respect the right of ________
landowners. The State shall further provide ____________ for voluntary _________________.
Section 5. The State shall recognize the right of farmers, ____________, and
______________, as well as cooperatives, and other _____________ farmers'
organizations to participate in the __________, organization, and management of
the program, and shall provide ____________ to agriculture through
____________ technology and ___________, and adequate _________,
production, ______________, and other ____________ services.
Section 6. The State shall apply the principles of agrarian reform or
_____________, whenever applicable in accordance with law, in the
_____________or _______________of other natural resources, including lands of
the public domain under _________or _____________ suitable to agriculture,
subject to prior rights, ______________ rights of small settlers, and the rights of
______________ communities to their _____________ lands. The State may
___________ landless farmers and farmworkers in its own agricultural
__________which shall be ______________ to them in the manner provided by
law.
Section 7. The State shall protect the rights of ____________ fishermen,
especially of local communities, to the _____________ use of the __________
marine and fishing ___________, both inland and ___________. It shall provide
support to such fishermen through appropriate ___________ and research,
adequate financial, production, and marketing ______________, and other
services. The State shall also protect, develop, and conserve such resources. The
protection shall __________ to offshore fishing grounds of subsistence fishermen
against foreign _____________. ________________ shall receive a just share
from their labor in the ______________ of marine and __________ resources.
Section 8. The State shall provide _______________ to _______________to
invest the _____________of the agrarian reform program to promote
_______________, employment creation, and privatization of public sector
enterprises. Financial _____________used as payment for their lands shall be
honored as ______________ in enterprises of their choice.
Section 13. The State shall establish a special ____________ for disabled person
for their _____________, self-______________, and self-_____________, and
their integration into the _______________of society.

WOMEN
Section 14. The State shall protect working women by providing _______ and
_____________ working __________, taking into account their __________
functions, and such ______________and opportunities that will enhance their
welfare and enable them to realize their full _____________in the service of the
nation.
ARTICLE XIV
Section 5.
1. the State shall take into account regional and ___________ needs and
conditions and shall encourage ___________ planning in the development
of ______________ policies and programs.
2. Academic freedom shall be ____________ in all institutions of higher
learning.
3. Every citizen has a right to select a ____________ or course of study,
subject to fair, ____________, and equitable _________ and academic
_______________.
4. The State shall __________ the right of _____________ to professional
_______________. Non-teaching _____________ and non-academic
personnel shall enjoy the protection of the State.
5. The State shall assign the highest _____________ ____________ to
education and ensure that teaching will __________ and retain its
__________share of the best available _________ through adequate
________________ and other means of job ____________and fulfillment.

ARTICLE XVI
Section 8. The State shall, from time to time, ____________ to increase the
___________ and other benefits due to ____________ of both the
______________and the _________sectors.

CIVIL CODE OF THE PHILIPPINES

Article 19. Every person must, in the ____________ of his rights and in the
_____________ of his duties, act with ___________, give everyone his _______,
and observe _________and ________ ________.
Article 1700. The relations between _________and _______are not merely
_____________. They are so ____________with public interest that labor
contracts must yield to the ____________ good. Therefore, such contracts are
subject to the special laws on _______ __________, collective bargaining, strikes
and ___________, closed shop, wages, working __________, hours of labor and
similar subjects.
Article 1702. In case of doubt, all labor ___________and all labor
__________shall be construed in favor of the __________and ________living for
the laborer.
Article 1703. No contract which practically amounts to ____________
__________, under any guise whatsoever, shall be valid.
Article 1705. The laborer's _________shall be paid in legal ___________.
Article 1706. Withholding of the __________, except for a _______due, shall not
be made by the employer.
Article 1708. The laborer's _________ shall not be subject to __________or
_____________, except for debts _________for food, shelter, clothing and medical
______________.
Article 1709. The employer shall neither ________nor retain any ______or other
___________ belonging to the laborer.
Article 1710. ____________ of laborers shall be subject to the ___________of the
Government, under special laws.
Article 1711. _____________ of enterprises and other employers are obliged to
pay ______________ for the _________of or injuries to their laborers, workmen,
mechanics or other employees, even though the event may have been purely
___________ or entirely due to a _____________cause, if the death or personal
injury arose out of and in the __________of the employment. The employer is also
liable for _________________ if the employee contracts any __________or
disease caused by such ______________ or as the result of the __________ of
the employment. If the mishap was due to the employee's own ____________

___________, or voluntary act, or ____________, the employer shall not be liable

for compensation. When the employee's lack of due care _____________ to his
death or injury, the compensation shall be ___________ reduced.
Article 1712. If the death or injury is due to the _____________ of a
___________worker, the latter and the employer shall be ____________liable for
compensation. If a fellow worker's intentional or ____________ act is the only
cause of the death or injury, the employer shall not be ____________, unless it
should be shown that the latter did not ____________due diligence in the
_____________ or supervision of the plaintiff's fellow worker.

REVISED PENAL CODE

Section Three. - Slavery and Servitude
Article 272. Slavery. - The penalty of prision mayor and a fine of not exceeding
10,000 pesos shall be imposed upon anyone who shall __________, sell,
________or _____________a human being for the purpose of ______________
him.
If the crime be committed for the purpose of _____________the offended party to
some immoral ____________, the penalty shall be imposed in its maximum period.
Article 273. Exploitation of child labor. - The penalty of prision correccional in its
minimum and medium periods and a fine not exceeding 500 pesos shall be
imposed upon anyone who, under the pretext of ____________ himself of a debt
incurred by an ______________, guardian or person entrusted with the custody of
a minor, shall, against the latter's will, retain him in his ___________.
Article 274. Services rendered under compulsion in payment of debt. - The penalty
of arresto mayor in its maximum period to prision correccional in its minimum
period shall be imposed upon any person who, in order to __________ or enforce
the ____________ of a debt, shall ____________the debtor to work for him,
against his will, as __________ servant or farm ___________.
Article 278. Exploitation of minors. - The penalty of prision correccional in its
minimum and medium periods and a fine not exceeding 500 pesos shall be
imposed upon:
1. Any person who shall cause any boy or girl under __________ years of
age to perform any __________ feat of ___________, physical strength, or
_____________.
2. Any person who, being an _________, ____________, rope-walker, diver,
wild-animal tamer or circus manager or engaged in a similar calling, shall
employ in _____________of these kinds children under sixteen years of age
who are not his children or descendants.
3. Any person engaged in any of the callings enumerated in the next
paragraph preceding who shall employ any descendant of his under twelve
years of age in such dangerous exhibitions.
4. Any ascendant, guardian, teacher or person _____________in any
capacity with the care of a child under sixteen years of age, who shall
deliver such child ____________ to any person following any of the callings

enumerated in paragraph 2 hereof, or to any habitual _________or

__________.
If the delivery shall have been made in ____________ of any price,
compensation, or promise, the penalty shall in every case be imposed in its
maximum period.
In either case, the guardian or ____________convicted shall also be
removed from office as guardian or curator; and in the case of the parents of
the child, they may be _____________, temporarily or perpetually, in the
discretion of the court, of their _____________authority.
5. Any person who shall induce any child under sixteen years of age to
abandon the home of its ascendants, guardians, curators, or teachers to
follow any person engaged in any of the callings mentioned in paragraph 2
hereof, or to accompany any habitual vagrant or beggar.
Article 288. Other similar coercions; (Compulsory purchase of merchandise and
payment of wages by means of tokens.) - The penalty of arresto mayor or a fine
ranging from 200 to 500 pesos, or both, shall be imposed upon any person, agent
or officer, of any association or corporation who shall _________or __________,
directly or indirectly, or shall knowingly ____________any laborer or employee
employed by him or by such firm or corporation to be forced or compelled, to
_____________ merchandise or ________________ of any kind.
The same penalties shall be imposed upon any person who shall pay the wages
due a laborer or employee employed by him, by means of tokens or objects other
than the legal tender currency of the laborer or employee.
Article 289. Formation, maintenance and prohibition of combination of capital or
labor through violence or threats. - The penalty of arresto mayor and a fine not
exceeding 300 pesos shall be imposed upon any person who, for the purpose of
organizing, maintaining or preventing ___________or _________or labor,
_________of laborers or lock-out of employees, shall employ _____________or
threats in such a degree as to compel or force the laborers or employers in the free
and legal ___________of their industry or work, if the act shall not constitute a
more serious offense in accordance with the provisions of this Code.
Article 291. Revealing secrets with abuse of office. - The penalty of arresto
mayor and a fine not exceeding 500 pesos shall be imposed upon any manager,
employee, or servant who, in such capacity, shall learn the __________ of his
principal or master and shall ___________such secrets.
Article 292. Revelation of industrial secrets. - The penalty of prision correccional in
its minimum and medium periods and a fine not exceeding 500 pesos shall be
imposed upon the person in charge, employee or workman of any _____________

or ______________establishment who, to the prejudice of the owner thereof, shall

reveal the ______________of the _______________of the latter.
Article 310. Qualified theft. - The crime of theft shall be punished by the penalties
next higher by two degrees than those respectively specified in the next preceding
article, if committed by a domestic servant, or with grave abuse of confidence, or if
the property stolen is motor vehicle, mail matter or large cattle or consists of
coconuts taken from the premises of the plantation or fish taken from a fishpond or
fishery, or if property is taken on the occasion of fire, earthquake, typhoon, volcanic
erruption, or any other calamity, vehicular accident or civil disturbance.
Article 316(5) Other forms of swindling.
5. Any person who shall accept any _________________given him under
the belief that it was in _____________ of services rendered or labor
_______________ by him, when in fact he did not actually perform such
services or labor.

LABOR CODE OF THE PHILIPPINES

Article 3. Declaration of basic policy. The State shall afford protection to labor,
promote full _______________, ensure equal work _______________regardless
of _______, _________or __________and regulate the ___________between
workers and employers. The State shall assure the rights of workers to ___________________, ___________ _____________, _________of __________, and
just and humane _______________ of work.
Article 4. Construction in favor of labor. All ____________ in the
______________and interpretation of the provisions of this Code, including its
implementing rules and regulations, shall be ___________in _________of labor.
Article 166. Policy. The State shall promote and develop a ____-_______
employees compensation ___________ whereby employees and their
______________, in the event of work-connected ____________or death, may
promptly secure adequate income __________ and ____________related
benefits.
Article 211. Declaration of Policy.
It is the policy of the State:
To promote and _____________ the ____________of free collective bargaining
and ____________, including voluntary ____________, mediation and
____________, as modes of settling labor or industrial _____________;
To promote free trade _______________ as an instrument for the
__________________of democracy and the promotion of social justice and
development;
To foster the free and voluntary organization of a ___________and
___________labor ______________;
To promote the ________________of workers concerning their _________and
obligations as ____________ members and as employees;
To provide an adequate _________________ _______________for the
_____________settlement of labor or industrial disputes;
To ensure a stable but ___________and just _____________peace; and

To ensure the ___________ of workers in decision and _______________________processes affecting their _______, ________and welfare.
To encourage a truly _____________ method of ____________ the relations
between the employers and employees by means of agreements _________
entered into through collective bargaining, no court or _______________ agency
or official shall have the power to set or ______ wages, ________of pay, hours of
work or other ____________and conditions of employment, except as otherwise
provided under this Code.

Article 212. Definitions.

"Commission" means the National Labor Relations Commission or any of its
divisions, as the case may be, as provided under this Code.
"Bureau" means the Bureau of Labor Relations and/or the Labor Relations
Divisions in the regional offices established under Presidential Decree No. 1, in the
Department of Labor.
"Board" means the National Conciliation and Mediation Board established under
Executive Order No. 126.
"Council" means the Tripartite Voluntary Arbitration Advisory Council established
under Executive Order No. 126, as amended.
"Employer" includes any person acting in the interest of an employer, directly or
indirectly. The term shall not include any labor organization or any of its officers or
agents except when acting as employer.
"Employee" includes any person in the employ of an employer. The term shall not
be limited to the employees of a particular employer, unless the Code so explicitly
states. It shall include any individual whose work has ceased as a result of or in
connection with any current labor dispute or because of any unfair labor practice if
he has not obtained any other substantially equivalent and regular employment.
"Labor organization" means any union or association of employees which exists in
whole or in part for the purpose of collective bargaining or of dealing with
employers concerning terms and conditions of employment.
"Legitimate labor organization" means any labor organization duly registered with
the Department of Labor and Employment, and includes any branch or local
thereof.

"Company union" means any labor organization whose formation, function or

administration has been assisted by any act defined as unfair labor practice by this
Code.
"Bargaining representative" means a legitimate labor organization whether or not
employed by the employer.
"Unfair labor practice" means any unfair labor practice as expressly defined by the
Code.
"Labor dispute" includes any controversy or matter concerning terms and
conditions of employment or the association or representation of persons in
negotiating, fixing, maintaining, changing or arranging the terms and conditions of
employment, regardless of whether the disputants stand in the proximate relation
of employer and employee.
"Managerial employee" is one who is vested with the powers or prerogatives to lay
down and execute management policies and/or to hire, transfer, suspend, lay-off,
recall, discharge, assign or discipline employees. Supervisory employees are those
who, in the interest of the employer, effectively recommend such managerial
actions if the exercise of such authority is not merely routinary or clerical in nature
but requires the use of independent judgment. All employees not falling within any
of the above definitions are considered rank-and-file employees for purposes of
this Book.
"Voluntary Arbitrator" means any person accredited by the Board as such or any
person named or designated in the Collective Bargaining Agreement by the parties
to act as their Voluntary Arbitrator, or one chosen with or without the assistance of
the National Conciliation and Mediation Board, pursuant to a selection procedure
agreed upon in the Collective Bargaining Agreement, or any official that may be
authorized by the Secretary of Labor and Employment to act as Voluntary Arbitrator
upon the written request and agreement of the parties to a labor dispute.
"Strike" means any temporary stoppage of work by the concerted action of
employees as a result of an industrial or labor dispute.
"Lockout" means any temporary refusal of an employer to furnish work as a result
of an industrial or labor dispute.
"Internal union dispute" includes all disputes or grievances arising from any
violation of or disagreement over any provision of the constitution and by laws of a
union, including any violation of the rights and conditions of union membership
provided for in this Code.
"Strike-breaker" means any person who obstructs, impedes, or interferes with by
force, violence, coercion, threats, or intimidation any peaceful picketing affecting

wages, hours or conditions of work or in the exercise of the right of selforganization or collective bargaining.
"Strike area" means the establishment, warehouses, depots, plants or offices,
including the sites or premises used as runaway shops, of the employer struck
against, as well as the immediate vicinity actually used by picketing strikers in
moving to and fro before all points of entrance to and exit from said establishment.
(As amended by Section 4, Republic Act No. 6715, March 21, 1989)

Article 255. Exclusive bargaining representation and workers participation in

policy and decision-making. The labor organization designated or selected by the
majority of the employees in an appropriate collective bargaining unit shall be the
exclusive representative of the employees in such unit for the purpose of collective
bargaining. However, an individual employee or group of employees shall have the
right at any time to present grievances to their employer.
Any provision of law to the contrary notwithstanding, workers shall have the right,
subject to such rules and regulations as the Secretary of Labor and Employment
may promulgate, to participate in policy and decision-making processes of the
establishment where they are employed insofar as said processes will directly
affect their rights, benefits and welfare. For this purpose, workers and employers
may form labor-management councils: Provided, That the representatives of the
workers in such labor-management councils shall be elected by at least the
majority of all employees in said establishment.
Article 277. Miscellaneous provisions.
All unions are authorized to collect reasonable membership fees, union dues,
assessments and fines and other contributions for labor education and research,
mutual death and hospitalization benefits, welfare fund, strike fund and credit and
cooperative undertakings. (As amended by Section 33, Republic Act No. 6715,
March 21, 1989)
Subject to the constitutional right of workers to security of tenure and their right to
be protected against dismissal except for a just and authorized cause and without
prejudice to the requirement of notice under Article 283 of this Code, the employer
shall furnish the worker whose employment is sought to be terminated a written
notice containing a statement of the causes for termination and shall afford the
latter ample opportunity to be heard and to defend himself with the assistance of
his representative if he so desires in accordance with company rules and
regulations promulgated pursuant to guidelines set by the Department of Labor and
Employment. Any decision taken by the employer shall be without prejudice to the
right of the worker to contest the validity or legality of his dismissal by filing a
complaint with the regional branch of the National Labor Relations Commission.
The burden of proving that the termination was for a valid or authorized cause shall

rest on the employer. The Secretary of the Department of Labor and Employment
may suspend the effects of the termination pending resolution of the dispute in the
event of a prima facie finding by the appropriate official of the Department of Labor
and Employment before whom such dispute is pending that the termination may
cause a serious labor dispute or is in implementation of a mass lay-off. (As
amended by Section 33, Republic Act No. 6715, March 21, 1989)
Any employee, whether employed for a definite period or not, shall, beginning on
his first day of service, be considered as an employee for purposes of membership
in any labor union. (As amended by Section 33, Republic Act No. 6715)
No docket fee shall be assessed in labor standards disputes. In all other disputes,
docket fees may be assessed against the filing party, provided that in bargaining
deadlock, such fees shall be shared equally by the negotiating parties.
The Minister of Labor and Employment and the Minister of the Budget shall cause
to be created or reclassified in accordance with law such positions as may be
necessary to carry out the objectives of this Code and cause the upgrading of the
salaries of the personnel involved in the Labor Relations System of the Ministry.
Funds needed for this purpose shall be provided out of the Special Activities Fund
appropriated by Batas Pambansa Blg. 80 and from annual appropriations
thereafter. (Incorporated by Batas Pambansa Bilang 130, August 21, 1981)
A special Voluntary Arbitration Fund is hereby established in the Board to subsidize
the cost of voluntary arbitration in cases involving the interpretation and
implementation of the Collective Bargaining Agreement, including the Arbitrators
fees, and for such other related purposes to promote and develop voluntary
arbitration. The Board shall administer the Special Voluntary Arbitration Fund in
accordance with the guidelines it may adopt upon the recommendation of the
Council, which guidelines shall be subject to the approval of the Secretary of Labor
and Employment. Continuing funds needed for this purpose in the initial yearly
amount of fifteen million pesos (P15,000,000.00) shall be provided in the 1989
annual general appropriations acts.
The amount of subsidy in appropriate cases shall be determined by the Board in
accordance with established guidelines issued by it upon the recommendation of
the Council.
The Fund shall also be utilized for the operation of the Council, the training and
education of Voluntary Arbitrators, and the Voluntary Arbitration Program. (As
amended by Section 33, Republic Act No. 6715, March 21, 1989)
The Ministry shall help promote and gradually develop, with the agreement of labor
organizations and employers, labor-management cooperation programs at
appropriate levels of the enterprise based on the shared responsibility and mutual
respect in order to ensure industrial peace and improvement in productivity,

working conditions and the quality of working life. (Incorporated by Batas

Pambansa Bilang 130, August 21, 1981)
In establishments where no legitimate labor organization exists, labor-management
committees may be formed voluntarily by workers and employers for the purpose
of promoting industrial peace. The Department of Labor and Employment shall
endeavor to enlighten and educate the workers and employers on their rights and
responsibilities through labor education with emphasis on the policy thrusts of this
Code. (As amended by Section 33, Republic Act No. 6715, March 21, 1989)
To ensure speedy labor justice, the periods provided in this Code within which
decisions or resolutions of labor relations cases or matters should be rendered
shall be mandatory. For this purpose, a case or matter shall be deemed submitted
for decision or resolution upon the filing of the last pleading or memorandum
required by the rules of the Commission or by the Commission itself, or the Labor
Arbiter, or the Director of the Bureau of Labor Relations or Med-Arbiter, or the
Regional Director.
Upon expiration of the corresponding period, a certification stating why a decision
or resolution has not been rendered within the said period shall be issued forthwith
by the Chairman of the Commission, the Executive Labor Arbiter, or the Director of
the Bureau of Labor Relations or Med-Arbiter, or the Regional Director, as the case
may be, and a copy thereof served upon the parties.
Despite the expiration of the applicable mandatory period, the aforesaid officials
shall, without prejudice to any liability which may have been incurred as a
consequence thereof, see to it that the case or matter shall be decided or resolved
without any further delay. (Incorporated by Section 33, Republic Act No. 6715,
March 21, 1989)