Professional Documents
Culture Documents
365-373, 1995
Copyright 1995 Elsevier Science Limited
Printed in Great Britain. All rights reserved
0142-1123/95/$10.00
TTERWORTH
I
tq
~"
365
366
(2)
Method by MitchelF
In this method, the strain-life relation is expressed
using the strain amplitude Ae/2 and the number of
reversals 2Nf as
A~ = Aee + Aep
2
2
2
!
C~N } + CpN'f"
--
(4)
(1)
(3)
au
50 (ksi)
(5)
= ~u + 345 (MPa)
!o
b =
1o
(6)
log(lO o) - log(lO 6)
~a
pl
~5
a%}cp.~
"0
Of
~'
e'~
,
Ae~ =
A
I~1
100
Figure 1
..L
4
101
10 2
~
p4~,
103
104
I ~
l0 0
t
2Nt
I
106
107
10 5
Figure 2
367
6 ~ ef = In 10
RA
9~-
Ae~
+ Aep
- __
2
2
-~ A ~ p
= uf (2Nf)b + ~f(2Nf)c
E
2
[-2( o-B + 3 4 5 )-]
(orB + 345)
-Ugl
=
E
(2Nf) 6 L
where
b
+ ~,(2N,) "~
(12)
(8)
A e = 1.17[ /~)
U~-'9
/O"
+ 0.0266 ~
155
\-(I.53
I - EB )
N?56
(9)
--
A~ e
log
2~074
- log(e,)
trl,-
crB 0.81
-{- A E p
2
....
c =
pi
2
-E-\~,,f]
-b
0.59t~2Nf) -58
(lO)
where
O"B
--<~
E
.@
0.003,0= 1
Ae~
2
A%
2
= 11.ut~-Iz.,zvf!gc'lO'B['~--(I.095
31~!
q'- 0.35(2Nr) -'69
10
(11)
104
106
368
log(2Np) = a + N o g ( 2 N , . )
10~
Method!
A )
(14)
MethodA /
/
/ ,/
McthodB/
.ili
Method C
//~/' NP = I'Nf
(13)
Table 1
10
Figure 4
Experimental life, Nf
109
Materials
unit
Unalloyed
steels
Number of
E - N curves
Number of data
points
Low-alloy
steels
Number of
e - N curves
Number of
data points
High-alloy
steels
Number of
~ - N curves
Number of
data points
Aluminium
alloys
Number of
E-N curves
Number of
data points
Titanium
alloys
Total
Total
35
28
72
51
317
234
6(12
13
8O
42
137
87
903
299
27
1316
23
36
68
133
3(13
69
505
12
1(1
29
100
76
64
(I
24(I
Number of
E - N curves
Number of
data points
54
54
Number of
E-N curves
Number of
data points
57
17(I
86
315
371
1653
666
27
2717
369
Ef(s
3)
(15)
Np
Number of data falling within 3_ <- Nr -< 3
1
(l-
IOftotal [) -c (1 - -
l1 - -
/-~total I )
(1--[1-
O~total-
~[~tota I
-1
[)+(1--11--
r,,,,,[) (16)
4
/V
N i=1
z.., [
~+ (1 -- 1] -- ~ ' - - ~'1)
4 + (1 -- [I - - ' " l ) ]
--t----m--
fore Ncurvel I
fore N c u r v e l l l
for curves (1+ Ill I
I1 ff
T,
1+I1
i//
/ /
(17)
i "2'
/
z~
a) Method D
If/I+II
e~
/
./ "A"
N,=j4"
/
b) Method E
Experimental life, Nf
Life predictions were performed with the aforementioned six estimation methods on the five material
groups listed in Table 1. Figure 6 shows a typical
result of life predictions obtained on low-alloy steels,
for which the largest amount of data is obtained among
the five material groups. In the figure, the perfect
correlation line and a factor of 3 scatter band are
expressed by the dashed and solid lines respectively.
The equation and the value of r in the figure represent
the result of least-square analysis and the correlation
coefficient for the combined data respectively.
As can be found from Figure 6a, the predicted data
by the four-point correlation method tend to level off
in the long-life range, resulting in over-conservative
life predictions. Such a trend is also discernible in the
result for the original universal slopes method shown
in Figure 6b. In contrast, the modified universal slopes
method, the uniform material law by B~iumel and
370
l0 s
109
Four-PointCorrelati,
10 s
107
Zt"q
10n
t"q
105
>
>
104
h3
107
0 0
106
o o~8
103
EF
o
;.~
103
Experimentalreversals,2N
109
Experimentalreversals,2Nf
10 9
c)ModifiedUniversal
SlopesMethod
10 8
106
t'-,I
105
103
102
d)Mitchell'sMethod
10 s
107
;~
r = 0.936
~ ' ' ~ ~ l )=0.858+0.781
g ( 2 Nlog(2Nr)
101
10
104
102
0.893
Iog(2Np)=1.375+0.5241og(2Nr )
10
oJ 1
r =
10 ~
>
105
104
[]
10 2
Z
t"q
b) OriginalUniversalSlopes
ee m
engB ~no ~9
107
106
~ 1
~
104
103
102
I)
F
[]
101
I0 ~
r = 0.936
( )=0.100+0.9531og(2Nr)
2
N
m ii
dim
r = 0.922
log(2Nv)=0.642+0.9271og(2Nr )
10
I0 l01 102 103 l04 105 106 107 108 109
]0
l01
Experimentalreversals,2Nf
10 3
10 4
10 5
10 6
10 7
l0 8
10 9
Experimentalreversals,2Nf
109
109
108
e) Seeger'sMethd ~~ ~ ~
107
108
If)Ong'sMethd
,
z~
105
~
. An
'@
10 o
~1~
1o4
ai
~>
105 !~-
~'
.~
103
lOj
10
r = 0.934
log(2Np)=0.330+0.9161og(2Nf)
~
l0
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
l08
ll010
109
10
D,
103
~
mull
~k
106
>
10 2
r = 0.935
Ig(2Np)=0"563+0"8621g(2NI)
~
lO 1
Experimentalreversals,2Nf
Figure 6 Comparison of the predicted and experimental fatigue lives for low-alloy steels
102
103
104
105
106
107
Experimentalreversals,2Nf
l0 x
109
= k_7:t -
= Ef(s
= 3) + (Ea)total + (Ea)Dset
3
(18)
(Ek)iUi
Ek
-- -
j = l~
---
(19)
EEk
:
k=l
E l ( s = 3) +
=
371
+
total
_ Oset
3
(20)
ENj
J=l
Table 2
Material
group
Unalloyed
steels
E value
Ef(s = 3)
(Ea)total
(E~)D~
E
Low-alloy
steels
Ef(s = 3)
High-alloy
steels
Er(s = 3)
Aluminium
alloys
Titanium
alloys
All
materials
Total
(E,)~o,,
(E~)Ds~,
(E,),,,~
(E~)D~e,
Ef(s = 3)
(E~)~,,~
(E,)Ds~,
Original
universal
slopes
Modified
universal
slopes
0.570
0.431
0.234
0.412
0.769
0.669
0.462
0.634
0.824
0.548
0.229
0.224
0.334
0.663
0.313
0.4549
0.477
Four-point
correlation
Mitchell's
method
Seeger's
method
Ong's
method
0.925
0.542
0.764
0.738
0.774
0.330
0.614
0.805
0.885
0.569
0.753
0.811
0.868
0.49l
0.723
0.750
0.444
0.503
0.566
0.764
0.747
0.621
0.711
0.532
0.528
0.514
0.524
0.768
0.654
0.632
0.684
0.793
0.562
0.614
0.656
0.865
0.648
0.645
0.719
0.867
0.956
0.656
0.826
0.60/)
0.808
0.605
0.671
0.846
0.970
0.662
0.826
0.865
0.801
0.681
0.782
0.800
0.713
0.723
0.712
0.716
0.567
-0.043
0.437
0.320
0.586
0.666
0.684
0.796
0.720
0.704
0.740
0.721
0.907
O.734
0.787
0.738
0.877
Ef(s = 3)
( E,),,,~
( E,)D~,
0.519
0.331
0.462
0.437
0.759
0.558
0.500
0.606
0.852
0.892
0.448
0.731
0.648
0.847
0.580
0.692
0.778
0.746
0.472
0.665
0.870
0.921
Ef(s = 3)
=
(E~)~o,~J
( E~ )1. . . .
~
0.576
0.271
0.303
0.780
0.556
0.539
0.801
0.834
0.613
0.609
0.688
0.514
0.788
0.798
0.629
0.805
0.384
0.627
0.751
0.606
0.739
(/.709
0.735
0.783
0.592
0.794
0.708
0.609
372
4
5
6
7
8
10
373