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37656 Federal Register / Vol. 70, No.

125 / Thursday, June 30, 2005 / Rules and Regulations

Field Strength Applicability that performs critical functions must be


Frequency (volts per meter) As discussed above, these special designed and installed to ensure that the
conditions are applicable to Raytheon operations, and operational capabilities
Peak Average of these systems to perform critical
Model H90 (T–44A) airplanes. Should
70 MHz–100 ARINC, Inc. apply at a later date for a functions, are not adversely affected
MHz ............... 50 50 supplemental type certificate to modify when the airplane is exposed to high
100 MHz–200 any other model on the same type intensity radiated electromagnetic fields
MHz ............... 100 100 certificate to incorporate the same novel external to the airplane.
200 MHz–400 or unusual design feature, the special 2. For the purpose of these special
MHz ............... 100 100
conditions would apply to that model as conditions, the following definition
400 MHz–700 applies: Critical Functions: Functions
MHz ............... 700 50 well under the provisions of § 21.101. whose failure would contribute to, or
700 MHz–1 GHz 700 100 Conclusion cause, a failure condition that would
1 GHz–2 GHz ... 2000 200
This action affects only certain novel prevent the continued safe flight and
2 GHz–4 GHz ... 3000 200
4 GHz–6 GHz ... 3000 200 or unusual design features on one model landing of the airplane.
6 GHz–8 GHz ... 1000 200 of airplane. It is not a rule of general Issued in Kansas City, Missouri, on June
8 GHz–12 GHz 3000 300 applicability and affects only the 22, 2005.
12 GHz–18 GHz 2000 200 applicant who applied to the FAA for John R. Colomy,
18 GHz–40 GHz 600 200 approval of these features on the Acting Manager, Small Airplane Directorate,
The field strengths are expressed in terms airplane. Aircraft Certification Service.
of peak root-mean-square (rms) values. The substance of these special [FR Doc. 05–12879 Filed 6–29–05; 8:45 am]
conditions has been subjected to the BILLING CODE 4910–13–P
or, notice and comment period in several
(2) The applicant may demonstrate by prior instances and has been derived
a system test and analysis that the without substantive change from those DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION
electrical and electronic systems that previously issued. It is unlikely that
perform critical functions can withstand prior public comment would result in a Federal Aviation Administration
a minimum threat of 100 volts per significant change from the substance
meter, electrical field strength, from 10 contained herein. For this reason, and 14 CFR Part 23
kHz to 18 GHz. When using this test to because a delay would significantly [Docket No. 228, Special Condition 23–167–
show compliance with the HIRF affect the certification of the airplane, SC]
requirements, no credit is given for which is imminent, the FAA has
signal attenuation due to installation. determined that prior public notice and Special Conditions; Diamond Aircraft
A preliminary hazard analysis must comment are unnecessary and Industries, EFIS and Full Authority
be performed by the applicant, for impracticable, and good cause exists for Digital Engine Control (FADEC) on the
approval by the FAA, to identify either adopting these special conditions upon Diamond DA–42; Protection of
electrical or electronic systems that issuance. The FAA is requesting Systems for High Intensity Radiated
perform critical functions. The term comments to allow interested persons to Fields (HIRF)
‘‘critical’’ means those functions, whose submit views that may not have been
AGENCY: Federal Aviation
failure would contribute to, or cause, a submitted in response to the prior
Administration (FAA), DOT.
failure condition that would prevent the opportunities for comment described
ACTION: Final special conditions; request
continued safe flight and landing of the above.
airplane. The systems identified by the for comments.
List of Subjects in 14 CFR Part 23
hazard analysis that perform critical SUMMARY: These special conditions are
functions are candidates for the Aircraft, Aviation safety, Signs and issued to Diamond Aircraft Industries
application of HIRF requirements. A symbols. GmbH, N.A. Otto-Strasse 5, A–2700
system may perform both critical and Citation Wiener Neistadt, Austria; telephone: 43
non-critical functions. Primary 2622 26 700; facsimile: 43 2622 26 780,
electronic flight display systems, and ■ The authority citation for these special
as part of the FAA Type Validation of
their associated components, perform conditions is as follows: the Diamond Aircraft Industries Model
critical functions such as attitude, DA–42. This airplane will have novel
PART 23—[AMENDED]
altitude, and airspeed indication. The and unusual design features when
HIRF requirements apply only to critical compared to the state of technology
Authority: 49 U.S.C. 106(g), 40113 and
functions. 44701; 14 CFR 21.16 and 21.101; and 14 CFR envisaged in the applicable
Compliance with HIRF requirements 11.38 and 11.19. airworthiness standards. These novel
may be demonstrated by tests, analysis, and unusual design features include the
models, similarity with existing The Special Conditions installation of a Garmin Model G–1000
systems, or any combination of these. ■ Accordingly, pursuant to the authority electronic flight instrument system
Service experience alone is not delegated to me by the Administrator, (EFIS) display, and digital engine
acceptable since normal flight the following special conditions are controls. The applicable regulations do
operations may not include an exposure issued as part of the type certification not contain adequate or appropriate
to the HIRF environment. Reliance on a basis for the Raytheon Model 90 (T–44A) airworthiness standards for the
system with similar design features for airplanes modified by ARINC, Inc. to add protection of these systems from the
redundancy as a means of protection the Rockwell Collins Pro Line 21 effects of high intensity radiated fields
against the effects of external HIRF is Avionics System. (HIRF). These special conditions
generally insufficient since all elements 1. Protection of Electrical and contain the additional safety standards
of a redundant system are likely to be Electronic Systems from High Intensity that the Administrator considers
exposed to the fields concurrently. Radiated Fields (HIRF). Each system necessary to establish a level of safety

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Federal Register / Vol. 70, No. 125 / Thursday, June 30, 2005 / Rules and Regulations 37657

equivalent to the airworthiness date stamped and returned to the electronic displays, but is approved at
standards applicable to these airplanes. commenter. Amendment 51 for this installation. The
DATES: The effective date of these digital engine control was certified
Background
special conditions is June 22, 2005. under part 33 and Amendment 20 with
Diamond Aircraft Industries (DAI) the engine, but is approved at part 23
Comments must be received on or
made application through European Amendment 51 with the rest of the DA–
before August 1, 2005.
Aviation Safety Agency (EASA) for U.S. 42 for § 23.1309 and other applicable
ADDRESSES: Comments may be mailed Type Certification for the Diamond regulations for this installation. The
in duplicate to: Federal Aviation Aircraft Model DA–42 on August 2, certification basis also includes any
Administration, Regional Counsel, 2004. The Diamond DA–42 aircraft is a applicable exemptions, equivalent
ACE–7, Attention: Rules Docket Clerk, new fully composite, four place, twin- levels of safety, and the terms of these
Docket No. 228, Room 506, 901 Locust, engine airplane with retractable gear, special conditions.
Kansas City, Missouri 64106. All cantilever low wing and T-tail. The
comments must be marked: Docket No. airplane was certified by EASA and Discussion
228. Comments may be inspected in the listed on Type Certificate No. A005 If the Administrator finds that the
Rules Docket weekdays, except Federal dated May 13, 2004. Certification work applicable airworthiness standards do
holidays, between 7:30 a.m. and 4 p.m. was delegated to the Austrian Civil not contain adequate or appropriate
FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: Wes Authority as the JAA/Primary safety standards because of novel or
Ryan, Aerospace Engineer, Standards Certification Authority. The airplane is unusual design features of an airplane,
Office (ACE–110), Small Airplane powered by two Thielert Aircraft special conditions are prescribed under
Directorate, Aircraft Certification Engines GmbH (Thielert) TAE 125–01 the provisions of § 21.16.
Service, Federal Aviation aircraft diesel engines (ADE). They are Special conditions, as appropriate, as
Administration, 901 Locust, Room 301, listed on U.S. engine TC No. E00069EN defined in § 11.19, are issued in
Kansas City, Missouri 64106; telephone and incorporate two MT-propeller, accordance with § 11.38 after public
(816) 329–4127. MTV–6–A–C–F/CF187–129, U.S. TC notice and become part of the type
No. P19NE. The fuel to be used for the certification basis in accordance with
SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The FAA Thielert TAE 125–01 aircraft diesel § 21.101 (b)(2).
has determined that notice and engine in USA is Jet A only. The Type Special conditions are initially
opportunity for prior public comment Certification sought is for Day VFR/IFR applicable to the model for which they
hereon are impracticable because these operations. are issued. Should the applicant apply
procedures would significantly delay As part of the FAA validation process for a supplemental type certificate to
issuance of the approval and thus for issuance of a Type Certificate in the modify any other model already
delivery of the affected aircraft. In United States for foreign applicants, the included on the same type certificate to
addition, the substance of these special FAA is issuing these special conditions incorporate the same novel or unusual
conditions has been subject to the to address Certification Review Items design feature, the special conditions
public comment process in several prior (CRI) for novel and unusual features of would also apply to the other model
instances with no substantive comments the Diamond DA–42. The proposed type under the provisions of § 21.101.
received. The FAA, therefore, finds that design incorporates novel or unusual
good cause exists for making these Novel or Unusual Design Features
design features, including the Garmin
special conditions effective upon G1000 EFIS system, and digital engine Diamond Aircraft, Inc. plans to
issuance. controls that are vulnerable to HIRF incorporate certain novel and unusual
Comments Invited external to the airplane. design features into the Diamond DA–42
airplane for which the airworthiness
Interested persons are invited to Type Certification Basis standards do not contain adequate or
submit such written data, views, or Based on the provisions of 14 CFR appropriate safety standards for
arguments, as they may desire. 21.17(c), 21.29 and the Austria–US protection from the effects of HIRF.
Communications should identify the BAA, and the FAA Order 8100.14, These features include the G1000 EFIS
regulatory docket or notice number and Interim Procedures for Working with the and two digital engine controls, which
be submitted in duplicate to the address European Community on Airworthiness are susceptible to the HIRF environment
specified above. All communications Certification and Continued and were not envisaged by the existing
received on or before the closing date Airworthiness and the Type Validation regulations for this type of airplane.
for comments will be considered by the principles, the following airworthiness Though the digital engine control
Administrator. The special conditions requirements are applicable to this systems were initially certificated to 14
may be changed in light of the project, and will remain active for three CFR part 33, the regulatory
comments received. All comments years from the date of application: The requirements in 14 CFR part 23 for
received will be available in the Rules certification basis is based on the EASA/ evaluating the installation of complex
Docket for examination by interested ACG certification basis as presented in systems, including electronic systems,
persons, both before and after the CRI A–01, Issue 4, Joint Certification are contained in § 23.1309.
closing date for comments. A report Basis and is harmonized at JAA JAR 23 When § 23.1309 was developed, the
summarizing each substantive public Amendment 1, which is harmonized at use of electronic control systems for
contact with FAA personnel concerning 14 CFR part 23 Amendment 51. The engines was not envisioned. The
this rulemaking will be filed in the FAA identified FAR/EASA Significant § 23.1309 requirements were originally
docket. Commenters wishing the FAA to Standards Differences (SSDs), not applied to systems certificated as
acknowledge receipt of their comments documented in our CRIs for the part of an approved engine
submitted in response to this notice validation. (§ 23.1309(f)(1)). Also, § 23.1309(f)(1)
must include a self-addressed, stamped The Garmin G1000 was originally implies evaluation of the engine
postcard on which the following approved at part 23 Amendment 49 for system’s effects is not required.
statement is made: ‘‘Comments to § 23.1301, § 23.1309, § 23.1311, However, the installation specifics of
Docket No. 228.’’ The postcard will be § 23.1322, and other applicable rules for the electronic engine control systems on

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37658 Federal Register / Vol. 70, No. 125 / Thursday, June 30, 2005 / Rules and Regulations

the DA–42 requires evaluation due to components in analog and digital exposure to HIRF must be provided by
the possible effects on or by other electronics circuits, these advanced the design and installation of these
airplane systems (e.g., radio interference systems are readily responsive to the systems. The accepted maximum energy
with other airplane electronic systems, transient effects of induced electrical levels in which civilian airplane system
shared engine and airplane power current and voltage caused by the HIRF. installations must be capable of
sources) using § 23.1309. The integral The HIRF can degrade electronic operating safely are based on surveys
nature of these systems makes it systems performance by damaging and analysis of existing radio frequency
unfeasible to evaluate the airplane components or upsetting system emitters. These special conditions
portion of the system without including functions. require that the airplane be evaluated
the engine portion of the system. Also, Furthermore, the HIRF environment under these energy levels for the
electronic control systems often require has undergone a transformation that was protection of the electronic system and
inputs from airplane data and power not foreseen when the current its associated wiring harness. These
sources and outputs to other airplane requirements were developed. Higher external threat levels, which are lower
systems (e.g., automated cockpit energy levels are radiated from than previous required values, are
powerplant controls such as mixture transmitters that are used for radar, believed to represent the worst case to
setting). Therefore, special conditions radio, and television. Also, the number which an airplane would be exposed in
are proposed to provide HIRF protection of transmitters has increased the operating environment.
for the EFIS and digital engine controls significantly. There is also uncertainty These special conditions require
and to evaluate the installation for concerning the effectiveness of airframe qualification of systems that perform
compliance with the requirements of
shielding for HIRF. Furthermore, critical functions, as installed in aircraft,
§ 23.1309(a) through (e) at Amendment
coupling to cockpit-installed equipment to the defined HIRF environment in
23–51 for the Diamond DA–42.
through the cockpit window apertures is paragraph 1 or, as an option to a fixed
Protection of Systems From High undefined. value using laboratory tests, in
Intensity Radiated Fields (HIRF) The combined effect of the paragraph 2, as follows:
Recent advances in technology have technological advances in airplane (2) The applicant may demonstrate
given rise to the application in aircraft design and the changing environment that the operation and operational
designs of advanced electrical and has resulted in an increased level of capability of the installed electrical and
electronic systems that perform vulnerability of electrical and electronic electronic systems that perform critical
functions required for continued safe systems required for the continued safe functions are not adversely affected
flight and landing. Due to the use of flight and landing of the airplane. when the aircraft is exposed to the HIRF
sensitive solid-state advanced Effective measures against the effects of environment defined below:

Field Strength (volts per meter)


Frequency
Peak Average

10 kHz–100 kHz ...................................................................................................................................................... 50 50


100 kHz–500 kHz .................................................................................................................................................... 50 50
500 kHz–2 MHz ....................................................................................................................................................... 50 50
2 MHz–30 MHz ........................................................................................................................................................ 100 100
30 MHz–70 MHZ ..................................................................................................................................................... 50 50
70 MHz–100 MHz .................................................................................................................................................... 50 50
100 MHz–200 MHz .................................................................................................................................................. 100 100
200 MHz–400 MHz .................................................................................................................................................. 100 100
400 MHz–700 MHz .................................................................................................................................................. 700 50
700 MHz–1 GHz ...................................................................................................................................................... 700 100
1 GHz–2 GHz .......................................................................................................................................................... 2000 200
2 GHz–4 GHz .......................................................................................................................................................... 3000 200
4 GHz–6 GHz .......................................................................................................................................................... 3000 200
6 GHz–8 GHz .......................................................................................................................................................... 1000 200
8 GHz–12 GHz ........................................................................................................................................................ 3000 300
12 GHz–18 GHz ...................................................................................................................................................... 2000 200
18 GHz–40 GHz ...................................................................................................................................................... 600 200

The field strengths are expressed in terms of peak root-mean-square (rms) values.

or, approval by the FAA, to identify either electronic flight display systems, and
(2) The applicant may demonstrate by electrical or electronic systems that their associated components, perform
a system test and analysis that the perform critical functions. The term critical functions such as attitude,
electrical and electronic systems that ‘‘critical’’ means those functions, whose altitude, and airspeed indication. The
perform critical functions can withstand failure would contribute to, or cause, a HIRF requirements apply only to critical
a minimum threat of 100 volts per failure condition that would prevent the functions.
meter, electrical field strength, from 10 continued safe flight and landing of the Compliance with HIRF requirements
kHz to 18 GHz. When using this test to airplane. The systems identified by the may be demonstrated by tests, analysis,
show compliance with the HIRF hazard analysis that perform critical models, similarity with existing
requirements, no credit is given for functions are candidates for the systems, or any combination of these.
signal attenuation due to installation. application of HIRF requirements. A Service experience alone is not
A preliminary hazard analysis must system may perform both critical and acceptable since normal flight
be performed by the applicant, for non-critical functions. Primary operations may not include an exposure

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Federal Register / Vol. 70, No. 125 / Thursday, June 30, 2005 / Rules and Regulations 37659

to the HIRF environment. Reliance on a the following special conditions are SUMMARY: The FAA is adopting a new
system with similar design features for issued as part of the type validation basis airworthiness directive (AD) for Boeing
redundancy as a means of protection for the Diamond DA–42 airplane with a Model 727 airplanes equipped with an
against the effects of external HIRF is Garmin G1000 EFIS and digital engine auxiliary fuel tank having a fuel pump
generally insufficient since all elements control systems. installed. This AD requires revising the
of a redundant system are likely to be 1. Protection of Electrical and airplane flight manual to include
exposed to the fields concurrently. Electronic Systems from High Intensity limitations on operating the fuel pumps
Radiated Fields (HIRF). Each system for the auxiliary fuel tank. This AD is
Applicability
that performs critical functions must be prompted by a design review of the fuel
As discussed above, these special designed and installed to ensure that the pump installation, which revealed a
conditions are applicable to the operations, and operational capabilities potential unsafe condition related to the
Diamond DA–42 airplane. Should of these systems to perform critical auxiliary fuel tank(s). We are issuing
Diamond Aircraft, Inc. apply at a later functions, are not adversely affected this AD to prevent dry operation of the
date for a supplemental type certificate when the airplane is exposed to high fuel pumps for the auxiliary fuel tank,
to modify any other model on the same intensity radiated electromagnetic fields which could create a potential ignition
type certificate to incorporate the same external to the airplane. source inside the auxiliary fuel tank that
novel or unusual design feature, the 2. Electronic Engine Control System. could result in a fire or explosion of the
special conditions would apply to that The installation of the electronic engine auxiliary fuel tank.
model as well under the provisions of control system must comply with the DATES: This AD becomes effective
§ 21.101. requirements of § 23.1309(a) through (e) August 4, 2005.
Conclusion at Amendment 23–51. The intent of this ADDRESSES: You may examine the AD
requirement is not to re-evaluate the docket on the Internet at http://
This action affects only certain novel inherent hardware reliability of the dms.dot.gov or in person at the Docket
or unusual design features on one model control itself, but rather determine the Management Facility, U.S. Department
of airplane. It is not a rule of general effects, including environmental effects of Transportation, 400 Seventh Street
applicability and affects only the addressed in § 23.1309(e), on the SW., Nassif Building, Room PL–401,
applicant who applied to the FAA for airplane systems and engine control Washington, DC.
approval of these features on the system when installing the control on
airplane. FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT:
the airplane. When appropriate, engine
The substance of these special Sulmo Mariano, Aerospace Engineer,
certification data may be used when
conditions has been subjected to the Propulsion Branch, ANM–140S, FAA,
showing compliance with this
notice and comment period in several Seattle Aircraft Certification Office,
requirement.
prior instances and has been derived 1601 Lind Avenue, SW., Renton,
3. For the purpose of these special
without substantive change from those Washington 98055–4056; telephone
conditions, the following definition
previously issued. It is unlikely that (425) 917–6501; fax (425) 917–6590.
applies: Critical Functions: Functions
prior public comment would result in a SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION:
whose failure would contribute to, or
significant change from the substance cause, a failure condition that would Examining the Docket
contained herein. For this reason, and prevent the continued safe flight and
because a delay would significantly You may examine the AD docket in
landing of the airplane.
affect the certification of the airplane, person at the Docket Management
Issued in Kansas City, Missouri on June 22, Facility office between 9 a.m. and 5
which is imminent, the FAA has
2005. p.m., Monday through Friday, except
determined that prior public notice and
John R. Colomy, Federal holidays. The Docket
comment are unnecessary and
impracticable, and good cause exists for Acting Manager, Small Airplane Directorate, Management Facility office (telephone
Aircraft Certification Service. (800) 647–5227) is located on the plaza
adopting these special conditions upon
issuance. The FAA is requesting [FR Doc. 05–12882 Filed 6–29–05; 8:45 am] level of the Nassif Building at the street
comments to allow interested persons to BILLING CODE 4910–13–P address stated in the ADDRESSES section.
submit views that may not have been This docket number is FAA–2005–
submitted in response to the prior 20355; the directorate identifier for this
opportunities for comment described DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION docket is 2004–NM–198–AD.
above. Federal Aviation Administration Discussion
List of Subjects in 14 CFR Part 23 The FAA issued a notice of proposed
14 CFR Part 39 rulemaking (NPRM) to amend 14 CFR
Aircraft, Aviation safety, Signs and
symbols. [Docket No. FAA–2005–20355; Directorate part 39 to include an AD that would
Identifier 2004–NM–198–AD; Amendment apply to Boeing Model 727 airplanes
Citation 39–14177; AD 2005–13–40] equipped with an auxiliary fuel tank
■ The authority citation for these special having a fuel pump installed. That
RIN 2120–AA64 NPRM was published in the Federal
conditions is as follows:
Register on February 15, 2005 (70 FR
Airworthiness Directives; Boeing
PART 23—[AMENDED] 7695). That NPRM proposed to require
Model 727 Airplanes, Equipped With an
revising the airplane flight manual
Auxiliary Fuel Tank Having a Fuel
Authority: 49 U.S.C. 106(g), 40113 and (AFM) to include limitations on
Pump Installed
44701; 14 CFR 21.16 and 21.101; and 14 CFR operating the fuel pumps for the
11.38 and 11.19. AGENCY: Federal Aviation auxiliary fuel tank.
The Special Conditions Administration (FAA), Department of Comments
Transportation (DOT).
■ Accordingly, pursuant to the authority We provided the public the
ACTION: Final rule.
delegated to me by the Administrator, opportunity to participate in the

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