Unit Test 1

Modern Biology
Date: 9/17/2015

Name: ________________________________

Multiple Choice (2 points each) - Choose the best answer that most nearly completes the statement.
1.

Biology is the study of

A.
Animals
B.
Plants and animals
C.
All living things
D.
Energy transfer among living organisms

2.

An organisms ability to maintain a stable level of internal conditions enough though environmental conditions are constantly
changing is called ___________________.
A.
Adaption
B.
Respond to Stimuli
C.
Homeostasis
D.
Metabolism

3.

The sum of all the chemical reactions that take in and transform energy and materials from the environment is called
___________________.
A.
Growth and Development
B.
Metabolism
C.
Cellular Respiration
D.
Homeostasis

4.

As the cells in a multicellular organism multiply, they become specialized for different functions in a process called
A.
Sexual reproduction
B.
Descent with modification
C.
Photosynthesis
D.
Cell differentiation

5.

Development involves _________________ and ____________________.This results in a single fertilized egg cell dividing and
becoming many cells specialized for different functions.
A.
Metabolism & Cell Division
B.
Cell Differentiation & Cell Division
C.
Homeostasis & Cell Division
D.
Reproduction & Cell Division

6.

In _______________ reproduction, hereditary information recombines from two organisms of the same species. The resulting
offspring are _____________, but ________________ to their parents.
A.
Asexual, similar, not identical
B.
Asexual, different, but genetically the same
C.
Sexual, similar, not identical
D.
Sexual, different, but genetically the same

7.

Although individual organisms experience many changes during their lifetime, their basic genetic characteristics
___________________; populations of living organisms _______________________.
A.
Do not change, evolve or change over time
B.
Evolve or change over time, do not change
C.
Do not change, do not change
D.
Evolve or change over time, evolve or change over time

8.

A tree of life explains

A.
How organisms are related to each other
B.
How organisms differ from each other
C.
The lineages of various organisms
D.
All of the above

9.

Which of the following is NOT an important unifying theme in biology?

A.
The diversity and unity of life
B.
The relationship between organisms and human society
C.
The interdependence of living organisms

D.

The evolution of life

10.

A trait that improves an individuals ability to survive and reproduce is a(n)

A.
Mutation
B.
Natural section
C.
Adaptation
D.
Domain

11.

Through __________________, organisms that have certain favorable traits are better able to survive and reproduce successfully
than organisms that lack these traits.
A.
Mutations
B.
Natural selection
C.
Adaptation
D.
Evolution

12.

What is the process in which the inherited characteristics within populations change over generations, such that genetically
distinct populations and new species can develop?
A.
Mutations
B.
Natural selection
C.
Adaptation
D.
Evolution

13.

The atomic number of carbon is 6. Therefore, the number of protons in a carbon atom equals
A.
3
B.
6
C.
7
D.
12

14.

Chemical bonds are

A.
The attractive forces that hold atoms together
B.
The repulsive forces that keeps molecules apart
C.
Only present when two atoms share one or more pairs of electrons equally.
D.
Only present when two atoms share one or more pairs of electrons unequally.

15.

An example of a compound is
A.
Water
B.
Hydrogen gas
C.
Oxygen gas
D.
Chloride ion

16.

90% of all living things on Earth are composed of combinations of just (Select all that apply)
A.
Carbon
B.
Hydrogen
C.
Oxygen
D.
Nitrogen
E.
Uranium
F.
Arsenic
G.
Tungsten

17.

__________________ is absorbed or released when chemical bonds are broken and new ones are formed.
A.
Electrons
B.
Protons
C.
Energy
D.
Atoms

18.

Activation energy is the energy

A.
Released from a chemical reaction
B.
Energy needed for chemical reaction to start
C.
Increased through the presence of a catalyst for a reaction to take place
D.
The initial energy of the reaction before the reaction takes place

19.

Enzymes are
A.
Chemical substances made from carbohydrates and some lipids that reduce the activation energy needed for a
reaction to take place.
B.
Chemical substances made from carbohydrates and some lipids that increase the activation energy needed for a
reaction to take place.

C.
D.

Chemical substances made from RNA and proteins that reduce the activation energy needed for a reaction to take
place.
Chemical substances made from RNA and proteins that increase the activation energy needed for a reaction to take
place.

20.

Because the water molecule has an uneven distribution of charge, it is considered to be a ______________ compound. This
nature of water allows it to _______________ polar substances such as sugars and salts.
A.
Nonpolar, hydrogen bond to
B.
Nonpolar, dissolve
C.
Polar, hydrogen bond to
D.
Polar, dissolve

21.

The attractive force that holds molecules of a single substance together is called ________________, whereas the attractive
force between two particles of different substances is called ___________________. This property allows for ___________ to rise
though narrow rubes against the force of gravity.
A.
Cohesion, adhesion, salts
B.
Cohesion, adhesion, water
C.
Adhesion, cohesion, salts
D.
Adhesion, cohesion, water

22.

In a _________________, the ______________ is the substance that is dissolving, whereas the ______________ is the substance that
does the dissolving.
A.
Solution, solute, solvent
B.
Solution, solvent, solute
C.
Solution, salt, solvent
D.
Solution, salt, solute

22.

Organic compounds contain:

A.
Only carbon and nothing else.
B.
Only carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen and nothing else
C.
Carbon and usually other elements
D.
Many kinds of element other than carbon

22.

The number of covalent bonds that a carbon atom can make with other atoms is
A.
1
B.
2
C.
3
D.
4

23.

The breakdown of a polymer involves

A.
A condensation reaction
B.
A hydrolysis reaction
C.
The breakdown of ionic bonds
D.
The breakdown of hydrogen bonds

24.

In organic compounds, clusters of atoms that usually bind to the central carbon are called ________________. They influence
the characteristics of the molecules they compose and chemical reactions the molecules undergo.
A.
Carbon rings
B.
Monomers
C.
ATP
D.
Functional groups

25.

How are monomers and polymers related?

A.
Polymers can be linked together to form monomers through a condensation reaction.
B.
Polymers chains can be unlinked to form monomers through a hydrolysis reaction.
C.
Monomers can be linked together to form monomers through a hydrolysis reaction.
D.
Monomer chains can be unlinked to form polymers through a condensation reaction.

25.

In biology, large polymers are called macromolecules; name the four macromolecules.
A.
Carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids
B.
Carbohydrates, polysaccharides, proteins, and lipids
C.
Carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, and DNA
D.
Carbohydrates, amino acids, lipids, and nucleic acids

26.

Energy in ATP is released when

A.
The bonds between the three phosphate group and the adenosine molecule are broken

B.
C.
D.

The bonds between each individual phosphate group are broken

The bonds between the carbon-hydrogen bonds in the phosphate groups are broken
The bonds between the carbon-hydrogen bonds in the adenosine molecule are broken

23.

What property of carbon results in an enormous variety of organic compounds which led to the great diversity of life?
I.
Carbon is an electron-whore.
II.
Carbon can form four bonds with other atoms.
III.
Carbon can form bonds with itself
IV.
I and II
V.
II and III
VI.
I, II, and III

24.

You find the chemical formula for a particular organic compound to be C6H12O6, and you conclude that it is most likely a
A.
Protein
B.
Monosaccharide
C.
Polysaccharide
D.
Lipid

25.

Glycogen, starch, and cellulose are all

A.
Monosaccharides
B.
Disaccharides
C.
Polysaccharides
D.
Simple sugars

26.

Hummingbirds have a preference in nectar-secreted plants for sucrose. Sucrose is a disaccharide made of what two
monosaccharides?
A.
Glucose and galactose
B.
Glucose and glucose
C.
Glucose and fructose
D.
Galactose and fructose

27.

The only time when the disaccharide maltose can be broken down is through the enzyme salivary amylase, which is only
present in the mouth during chewing. During this enzymatic activity, maltose, the substrate, binds to salivary amylase. The
enzyme then changes shape, _______________ the activation energy needed for ______________________ to occur, thereby
producing the monosaccharides, ____________________, as the products.
A.
Increasing, a condensation reaction, glucose and glucose
B.
Decreasing, a condensation reaction, glucose and glucose
C.
Decreasing, hydrolysis, glucose and glucose
D.
Decreasing, hydrolysis, galactose and fructose

27.

Lactose intolerance is a condition where the body cannot easily digest the sugar, lactose, which is found in dairy products.
Lactose is what kind of carbohydrate?
A.
A monosaccharide
B.
A polysaccharide of glucose, fructose, and galactose
C.
A polysaccharide of glucose, glucose, and galactose
D.
A disaccharide of glucose and galactose

28.

You are a scientist who studies astrobiology, or life outside of Earth. You receive a new meteorite in the lab and upon initial
testing of its contents, you find that it mostly comprised of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen. You conclude that the
meteorite must have an abundance of which macromolecule?
A.
Lipids
B.
Carbohydrates
C.
Amino Acids
D.
Some variety of polysaccharides

28.

Proteins are polymers formed by the linkage of the monomers called

A.
Monosaccharides
B.
Nucleic acids
C.
Amino acids
D.
Fatty acids

29.

The large number of carbon-hydrogen bonds in lipids

A.
Makes lipids a polar molecule
B.
Store more energy than the carbon-oxygen bonds in other organic molecules
C.
Allow lipids to dissolve in water
D.
Are found in the carboxyl group at the end of the lipid

28.

The most important function of nucleic acids is

A.
Catalyzing chemical reactions
B.
Forming a barrier between the inside and outside of a cell
C.
Storing energy
D.
Storing information related to heredity and protein synthesis

29.

Fats, where the central carbon atoms are not bonded to the maximum number of atoms,
A.
Store more energy than other organic molecules in between the carbon-carbon bonds
B.
Store more energy than other organic molecules in between the carbon-hydrogen bonds
C.
Store less energy than saturated fats because there are less carbon-hydrogen bonds
D.
Store less energy than saturated fats because of the asymmetrical, bent shape of the molecule.

30.

Unsaturated fatty acids are usually soft or liquid at room temperature because
A.
They contain less carbon-hydrogen bonds
B.
They possess a bent shape that prevents even stacking of the molecules
C.
They store less energy in the carbon-hydrogen bonds
D.
They are attached to an alcohol group which makes the molecule acidic

31.

For a particular plant, the percentages of saturated and unsaturated fats were calculated, and it was found that the plant
contained more saturated fats than unsaturated fats. Which of the statements is most likely not true?
A.
Humans ingesting this plant often would probably gain a lot of weight.
B.
This plant would probably be found in colder environments.
C.
The higher saturated fat count is probably an indication that photosynthesis occurs more frequently in these plants
D.
The plants abundance in saturated fats and not unsaturated fats probably reinforces the fact that it lacks a waxy
surface on its outer surface.

32.

Why are unsaturated triglycerides often found in germinating plants?

I.
They serve as an abundant energy storage
II.
They serve as a ready oxygen source
III.
They dont readily freeze in cooler climates
IV.
I and II
V.
I and III
VI.
I, II, and III

32.

What characteristic of phospholipids allows the membrane to form a barrier between the inside and outside of a cell?
A.
The hydrophilic heads with the phosphate group that like water
B.
The hydrophilic heads with the carboxyl group that like water
C.
The hydrophobic tails with the lipids that dislike water
D.
The glycerol group, which contains an oxygen, provides for an overall unstable molecule.

33.

_______________ contains information that determines the characteristics of an organism and directs its cellular activities.
______________ stores and transfers information that is essential for the manufacturing of proteins.
A.
Ribonucleic acid, deoxyribonucleic acid
B.
Deoxyribonucleic acid, ribonucleic acid
C.
Deoxyribonucleic acid, amino acid
D.
Ribonucleic acid, amino acid

34.

In a fatty acid, the carboxyl end is ____________________, or ___________water, whereas the hydrocarbon end of the fatty-acid
molecule is ____________________, or __________ water.
A.
Hydrophobic, likes; hydrophilic, hates
B.
Hydrophilic, hates, hydrophobic, likes
C.
Hydrophobic, hates, hydrophilic, likes
D.
Hydrophilic, likes, hydrophobic, hates

35.

When all the carbons are bonded four other atoms, the fatty acid is considered to be a(n) _______________________.
A.
Unsaturated fatty acid
B.
Saturated fatty acid
C.
Triglyceride
D.
Phospholipid

36.

Cell membranes are present in all living organisms because

A.
Two chains of polypeptides to form an alpha helix or beta-pleated sheet for proteins
B.
Two chains of nucleotides naturally occur to create a double helix for DNA
C.
Two layers of triglycerides naturally occur to create lipid bilayers
D.
Two layers of phospholipids naturally occur to create to create lipid bilayers

34.

The reason why DNA is better suited for holding the hereditary information than RNA is because
A.
DNA is double stranded, thus can carry twice as much information.
B.
DNA lacks an oxygen in its 5-carbon-ring.
C.
DNA has an oxygen in its 5-carbon-ring.
D.
DNA contains the nucleic base, Uracil, which helps in its stability.

35.

Canola oil, native to Canada, is made from crushing various seeds and is considered to be much healthier than other
conventional cooking oils, due to its low count of saturated fats. Plants, in general, have varying levels of both saturated and
unsaturated fats, however, what might be the particular reason for why the plants in Canada have such low counts of
saturated fats?
A.
The plants in the northern climates tend not to be active much, thus they dont need to store so much energy as
saturated fats.
B.
The plants in the northern climates do not receive enough sunlight for energy production to fully saturate their carbon
chains.
C.
The plants in the northern climates have evolved so that the low amount of saturated fats keeps them from freezing
in the colder seasons.
D.
The plants in the northern climates have evolved so that they are efficient in only producing and storing enough energy
as they deem necessary.

Fill in the blank (4 points each) - Complete the table below with the appropriate terms for extra credit.
Macromolecule
Carbohydrates
Proteins
Lipids
Nucleic Acids

Monomer

Polymer