Word List

Abbreviations

(adj) adjective
(adv) adverb
(conj) conjunction

(idm) idiom

Module 1

Work

apply to \"plaI t\ (v) = to request sth

from sb in writing zgosi si do,
zoy podanie, aplikowa
arrange \"reIndZ\ (v) = to make the
necessary plans and preparations
for sth to happen zaplanowa,
ustali, umwi
au pair \U "pe\ (n) = a nanny from
abroad opiekunka do dziecka
mieszkajca okresowo u rodziny i
pomagajca w domu z zamian za
wyywienie, kieszonkowe i nauk
jzyka
builder \"bIld\ (n) = sb who makes
buildings budowniczy
career prospects (phr) = the
possibilities of future success in a
job perspektywy rozwoju
zawodowego
degree \dI"gri\ (n) = a course of study
at a college or university; a
certificate dyplom (ukoczenia
studiw)
enclose \In"klUz\ (v) = to put inside
zaczy, doczy
estate agent \I"steIt eIdZnt\ (n) = sb
who works for a company that
sells houses and land for people
porednik w obrocie
nieruchomociami
experience \Ik"spIrins\ (n) = the
growth of knowledge and skills
which is acquired by doing sth
dowiadczenie
fashion designer \"fSn dIzaIn\ (n) =
sb who designs clothes projektant
mody
firefighter \"faIfaIt\ (n) = sb whose
job is to put out fires straak
flexible \"fleksIbl\ (adj) = able to
adapt to different conditions as
they occur elastyczny
flight attendant \"flaIt tendnt\ (n) =
sb who works on an aeroplane
helping passengers steward,
stewardessa
florist \"flrIst\ (n) = sb who owns or
works in a store which sells plants
and flowers kwiaciarz, kwiaciarka

176 (WL1)

(n)
(phr)
(phr v)
(pl n)

noun
phrase
phrasal verb
plural noun

(pp)
(prep)

past participle
preposition

(prep phr) prepositional phrase

(pres p)
present participle

full-time \fUl "taIm\ (adj) = working for

the whole part of the working day
na peny etat, w penym
wymiarze godzin
gardener \"gAdn\ (n) = sb who takes
care of plants ogrodnik
medical researcher \medIkl rI"stS\
(n) = sb who works to find cures
for diseases naukowiec zajmujcy
si medycyn
payable \"peIbl\ (adj) = that should
be paid patny, wypacany
poorly-paid \pOli "peId\ (adj) = not
earning much money sabo
opacany
qualification \kwlIfI"keISn\ (n) = a
skill or quality needed for a job or
task kwalifikacja
reference \"refrns\ (n) = a letter that
is written by sb who knows me to
describe me and say if I am
suitable for a job or course
referencje, rekomendacje
salary \"slri\ (n) = payment for
professional or office work (usually
paid monthly) pensja
(miesiczna)
sales assistant \"seIlz sIstnt\ (n) = sb
who sells things in a shop
sprzedawca/sprzedawczyni
stockbrocker \"stkbrUk\ (n) = sb
who buys and sells stocks and
shares makler giedowy
tour guide \"tU gaId\ (n) = sb with a
lot of knowledge of a given area
who takes groups of tourists
sightseeing przewodnik
turystyczny
training \"treInIN\ (n) = preparation or
education for a sport, an academic
subject or a job szkolenie
well-paid \wel "peId\ (adj) = earning a
lot of money dobrze patny

1a
adapt \"dpt\ (v) = to adjust
przystosowa, dostosowa
aim to \"eIm t\ (v) = to try or plan to
do sth mie na celu, dy do
awareness \"wens\ (n) = knowledge
or understanding of a particular
situation or subject wiadomo

(pron) pronoun
(v) verb
(sb) somebody
(sth) something

beyond the limits (phr) = past the

possibilities of sb or sth poza
zasigiem
bond \bnd\ (n) = a strong connection
and feeling of love and friendship
shared between people wi
bring up \brIN "p\ (phr v) = to raise a
child wychowa
company \"kmpni\ (n) = the state of
being with others towarzystwo
dedicated to \"dedIkeItId t\ (adj) =
devoted and committed to
oddany (czemu), zaangaowany
w co
demonstrate \"demnstreIt\ (v) = to
show zademonstrowa, pokaza,
zaprezentowa
develop \dI"velp\ (v) = 1) to create;
2) to grow; to progress tworzy,
opracowywa; rozwija si,
rosn
dorsal fin \"dOsl fIn\ (n) = the fin on
the back of a sea animal that helps
it to swim petwa grzbietowa
encounter \In"kaUnt\ (n) =
an unexpected meeting spotkanie
feared \fId\ (adj) = causing fear; scary
straszny, przeraajcy
ferocious \f"rUSs\ (adj) = fierce dziki,
przeraajcy, niebezpieczny
gradually \"grdZuli\ (adv) = in a slow
manner over a long period of time
stopniowo
highlight \"haIlaIt\ (v) = to attract
attention to sth important
podkrela, uwypukla
hypnotise \"hIpntaIz\ (v) = to put sb in
a sleep-like state zahipnotyzowa
immobility \Im"bIlIti\ (n) = inability to
move bezruch, znieruchomienie
interaction \Intr"kSn\ (n) =
interplay; communication
interakcja, dialog
interpret \In"tprIt\ (v) = to decide on
what the meaning or significance
of sth is; to understand
zinterpretowa, zrozumie
marvel at \"mAvl t\ (v) = to be
amazed by sth zdumiewa si,
podziwia
mindless \"maIndls\ (adj) =
thoughtless bezmylny

Word List
nightmare \"naItme\ (n) = a bad
dream koszmar
observe /b"zv\ (v) = to watch
carefully obserwowa
operation \p"reISn\ (n) = a business
venture dziaalno, firma
perception \p"sepSn\ (n) = the idea
that I have of sth postrzeganie,
rozumienie
pet \pet\ (v) = to stroke and touch an
animal gently gaska
posture \"pstS\ (n) = the position in
which sb stands or sits; a body
position postawa
predator \"predt\ (n) = an animal
that hunts and eats other animals
drapienik
prey /preI\ (n) = an animal that is
hunted and eaten by other animals
zdobycz
rewarding \rI"wOdIN\ (adj) = fulfilling;
satisfying satysfakcjonujcy,
przynoszcy zadowolenie
seek \sik\ (v) = to try to accomplish
sth ubiega si o co, dy do
czego
snout \snaUt\ (n) = the long nose of
some animals pysk, ryj
status \"steIts\ (n) = sbs social/
professional level status, pozycja,
stan rzeczy

1b
abandon \"bndn\ (v) = to desert
porzuci, opuci
a couch potato (idm) = sb who
spends lots of time sitting on the
sofa watching TV leniuch
a pain in the neck (idm) = sb/sth
that is very annoying utrapienie
applicant \"plIknt\ (n) = sb who
applies for a job kandydat (do
pracy), aplikant
apply for \"plaI f\ (v) = to request sth
in writing ubiega si o, zoy
podanie (np. o prac)
as hard as nails (idm) = very tough
twardy jak skaa
attached to \"ttSt t\ (adj) = joined
to przywizany (emocjonalnie)
behind the times (idm) = oldfashioned staromodny,
starowiecki
benefit \"benfIt\ (n) = an advantage
korzy, poytek
big-headed \bIg "hedId\ (adj) =
conceited zarozumiay

border \"bOd\ (n) = the official line

that separates two countries or
states granica
buyer \"baI\ (n) = sb who buys a
house, a car, etc nabywca, kupiec
candidate \"kndIdeIt\ (n) = sb who is
considered for a position kandydat
chair \tSe\ (n) = sb in charge of a
meeting/group przewodniczcy
(rady), prowadzcy (zebranie)
cold-hearted \kUld "hAtId\ (adj) =
unfeeling nieczuy, zimny
colleague \"klig\ (n) = sb that you
work with kolega/koleanka
z pracy
commit myself (phr) = to promise to
do sth zobowiza si,
zdeklarowa si
comrade \"kmreId\ (n) = a companion
kompan, towarzysz
congratulate on \kn"grtSUleIt n\ (v)
= to praise sb for an achievement
pogratulowa komu czego
conservative \kn"svtIv\ (adj) = not
liking changes konserwatywny
consumer \kn"sjum\ (n) = sb who
buys things and services
konsument, klient
control \kn"trUl\ (v) = to have
complete power over sb or sth
kontrolowa
crew \kru\ (n) = a group of people who
work together on a ship or plane
zaoga
customer \"kstm\ (n) = sb who buys
goods or services from a shop or
business; a shopper klient
cut down on \kt "daUn n\ (phr v) =
to reduce ograniczy, zredukowa
deal \dil\ (v) = to handle zajmowa
si czym, radzi sobie z czym
direct \dI"rekt\ (v) = to be in charge of
an organisation/activity kierowa,
zarzdza, dowodzi
discontinue \dIskn"tInju\ (v) = to stop
using or doing sth przerwa,
zaprzesta, zrezygnowa z czego
dismiss \dIs"mIs\ (v) = to ask sb to
leave a job zwolni z pracy
earnings \"nINz\ (pl n) = the income
from work zarobki, dochody
easy-going \izi "gUIN\ (adj) = calm
and tolerant beztroski,
wyluzowany
emotional \I"mUSnl\ (adj) = having
or causing strong feelings
uczuciowy, emocjonalny

employee \Im"plOIi\ (n) = sb who

works for sb else pracownik,
zatrudniony
employer \Im"plOI\ (n) = sb that you
work for pracodawca
fill out \fIl "aUt\ (phr v) = to write all
the necessary information on a
form wypeni
fire \faI\ (v) = to dismiss sb from a
job wywali/wyrzuci z pracy
good-natured \gUd "neItSd\ (adj) =
naturally friendly dobroduszny,
przyjazny
gullible \"glIbl\ (adj) = being easily
tricked into believing sth that sb
has said naiwny, atwowierny
hand in my notice (phr) = to tell my
employer that Im going to leave
the job soon zoy
wypowiedzenie
have a heart of gold (idm) = to be
kind and nice mie zote serce
limit \"lImIt\ (n) = the greatest
number/amount possible or
permitted granica, limit,
ograniczenie
live on \"lIv n\ (phr v) = to find
money to sustain myself
utrzymywa si z
moody \"mudi\ (adj) = changing mood
frequently; becoming angry or
aggressive suddenly kapryny,
humorzasty
narrow-minded \nrU "maIndId\
(adj) = unwilling to accept other
peoples ideas ciasny,
ograniczony, o wskich
horyzontach
note \nUt\ (n) = a short letter notatka;
krtka wiadomo
partner \"pAtn\ (n) = sb that I am
closely involved with in a business,
marriage, etc partner
patient with \"peISnt wID\ (adj) =
staying calm; being able to accept
annoyance cierpliwy
pension \"penSn\ (n) = a retirement
fund emerytura
perfectionist \p"fekSnIst\ (n) = sb
who refuses to do or accept
anything that isnt as good as it
could possibly be perfekcjonista,
perfekcjonistka
perks \pks\ (pl n) = advantages or
benefits, such as money or goods,
which I am given because of my
job dodatek (do pensji),
dodatkowa korzy

177 (WL2)

Word List
permit \"pmIt\ (n) = an official
document which states that I may
do sth zezwolenie
personnel \ps"nel\ (pl n) = staff
personel
post \pUst\ (n) = a job; a work position
stanowisko, posada
profit \"prfIt\ (n) = the money earned
from a business after its expenses
have been paid zysk, dochd
promotion \pr"mUSn\ (n) = a move
to a more important position in
your job awans
put by \pUt" baI\ (phr v) = to save money
odoy, zaoszczdzi
qualified for \"kwlIfaId f\ (adj) =
trained; having a degree, diploma,
etc posiadajcy odpowiednie
kwalifikacje
quick-tempered \kwIk "tempd\ (adj) =
getting angry easily porywczy,
wybuchowy, nieopanowany
quit \kwIt\ (v) = to leave a job, a team,
a school, etc zrezygnowa,
(po)rzuci
raise \reIz\ (v) = to increase podnie,
zwikszy
relaxed \rI"lkst\ (adj) = calm; not
worried rozluniony,
zrelaksowany
resign \rI"zaIn\ (v) = to formally
announce that I am leaving a post
or position zrezygnowa, ustpi
responsible for \rI"spnsIbl f\ (adj) =
being in charge of; having the
duty to take care of sb or sth
odpowiedzialny za
retire \rI"taI\ (v) = to stop working
and receive a pension przej na
emerytur
rise \raIz\ (v) = to become higher
wzrasta, podnie si
run a business (phr) = to operate a
company prowadzi firm
run out of \rn "aUt v\ (phr v) =
to have no more of sth left
skoczy si (o np. pienidzach)
sack \sk\ (v) = to fire sb from a job
wyrzuci z pracy, zwolni
self-conscious \self "knSs\ (adj) =
uncomfortable about what people
think about me skrpowany,
zakopotany, niemiay
sensible \"sensIbl\ (adj) = based on
logic rather than emotion
sensowny, rozsdny

178 (WL3)

sentimental \sentI"mentl\ (adj) =

showing or expressing feelings in a
rather foolish way sentymentalny,
uczuciowy, czuostkowy
situation \sItSu"eISn\ (n) = a state of
affairs sytuacja
soft-spoken \sft "spUkn\ (adj) =
having a quiet voice o agodnym
gosie
specialise in \"speSlaIz In\ (v) = to study/
work in one subject/type of business
specjalizowa si w
take out \teIk "aUt\ (phr v) = to obtain
a loan, a licence, etc by fulfilling
certain conditions uzyska,
zacign (np. kredyt)
team \tim\ (n) = a group of people
who do sth together, especially
a sport zesp
thick-skinned \TIk "skInd\ (adj) = not
hurt by criticism gruboskrny,
odporny na krytyk
ties \taIz\ (pl n) = connections wizi,
zwizki
trainee \treI"ni\ (n) = sb employed at a
low level in a job in order to learn
the skills needed for that job
praktykant/praktykantka,
staysta/staystka
under pressure (phr) = stressed pod
presj, w warunkach stresu
vacancy \"veIknsi\ (n) = a job or
position which has not been filled
wakat, wolna posada
warning \"wOnIN\ (n) = a statement
which informs sb that sth
unpleasant or dangerous is likely
to happen ostrzeenie

1d
adjust \"dZst\ (v) = to become more
familiar with a new situation
przystosowa si
animator \"nImeIt\ (n) = sb who uses
drawings, puppets or models to
make films animator, animatorka
(twrca filmw animowanych)
anorak \"nrk\ (n) = a waterproof
jacket ocieplana kurtka
z kapturem, anorak
approximately \"prksImtli\ (adv) =
roughly; about; around okoo,
w przyblieniu
backpack \"bkpk\ (n) = a bag that
you carry on your back plecak
contemporary dance (phr) = modern
dance taniec wspczesny

contract \"kntrkt\ (n) = a legal

agreement between two or more
people or businesses, or between
an employer and an employee
kontrakt, umowa o prac
determined \dI"tmInd\ (adj) = certain
that I am going to do, get or be
sth zdecydowany,
zdeterminowany
dungarees \dNg"riz\ (pl n) = a onepiece garment consisting of
trousers, a piece of cloth which
covers the chest and straps which
go over the shoulders ogrodniczki;
kombinezon
faint \feInt\ (v) = to lose consciousness
zemdle
fee \fi\ (n) = money paid for a certain
service opata za usug
fluent \"flunt\ (adj) = expressed easily
and correctly in a foreign language
biegy, pynny
(np. w posugiwaniu si jzykiem
obcym)
footwear \"fUtwe\ (n) = shoes, boots,
etc obuwie
graduate \"grdZueIt\ (v) = to
complete my studies and leave
school or university koczy
studia, zosta absolwentem
member of staff (phr) = an employee
of a company pracownik, czonek
personelu
motivate \"mUtIveIt\ (v) = to cause sb
to behave in a certain way
motywowa, zachca
ponytail \"pUniteIl\ (n) = hair tied back
so that it hangs down like a horses
tail koski ogon (typ uczesania)
pursuit \p"sjut\ (n) = an attempt at
achieving sth poszukiwanie,
denie, pocig
separate \"seprt\ (adj) = kept away
from other people/things
oddzielony, odseparowany
situated \"sItSueItId\ (pp) = located
pooony, znajdujcy si w

1e
catering company (phr) = a company
that provides food for parties,
events, etc firma cateringowa
(zajmujca si aprowizacj
i obsug)
efficient \I"fISnt\ (adj) = able to do
tasks successfully without wasting
time or energy wydajny,
skuteczny

Word List
financial security (phr) = having
enough money to keep us safe and
free from worry bezpieczestwo
finansowe
hazardous \"hzds\ (adj) = dangerous
niebezpieczny
living expenses (phr) = the money
we spend on food, bills, etc
wydatki na ycie
master \"mAst\ (v) = to become an
expert at sth opanowa (wiedz,
znajomo czego)
relevant \"relvnt\ (adj) = important
or significant in a situation
dotyczcy (czego), odnoszcy
si (do czego)

admit \d"mIt\ (v) = to let in wpuci,

zezwoli na wejcie
allow \"laU\ (v) = to make sth possible;
to let; to permit pozwala,
umoliwia
approve \"pruv\ (v) = to judge sth to
be right; to think well of sth
aprobowa, pochwala, popiera
cater to \"keIt t\ (v) = to satisfy sbs
needs obsugiwa, zaspokaja
(czyje potrzeby)
detect \dI"tekt\ (v) = to become aware
of sb/sth unclear or out of sight
wykrywa, dostrzega
discern \dI"sn\ (v) = to see sth that is
unclear rozezna si, dostrzec
equip \I"kwIp\ (v) = to provide tools
that are needed for a particular
purpose wyposay, zaopatrzy
si
let \let\ (v) = to allow sb to do sth
pozwala
observe \b"zv\ (v) = to watch sb/sth
carefully obserwowa
perceive \p"siv\ (v) = to see and
understand sth postrzega,
uwiadamia sobie
provide \pr"vaId\ (v) = to give sb sth
that they need dostarcza,
zapewnia
supply \s"plaI \ (v) = to give sb a
quantity of sth that they want or
need dostarcza, zaopatrywa

chaotic \keI"tIk\ (adj) = in a totally

confused state chaotyczny
chatter \"tSt\ (n) = a noisy talk
trajkotanie, paplanina, gwar
cloak \klUk\ (n) = a loose outer
garment without sleeves peleryna
come to life (phr) = (of stories, etc) to
appear realistic oywi, sprawi,
e co wydaje si rzeczywiste
entirely \In"taIli\ (adv) = completely;
absolutely cakowicie, wycznie
explore \Ik"splO\ (v) = to examine; to
look into bada, eksplorowa
ghost tour (phr) = a tour round a
place talking about/looking for
ghosts nocne zwiedzanie
poczone z gawdami
o duchach
highlight \"haIlaIt\ (n) = the most
interesting or exciting part of an
activity punkt kulminacyjny;
gwna atrakcja
jump out of my skin (idm) = to be so
surprised that the body makes a
sudden sharp movement
podskoczy, wzdrygn si
(wskutek przeraenia lub szoku)
lose sight of (phr) = to no longer be
able to see sth straci z pola
widzenia/z oczu
lush \lS\ (adj) = (of vegetation)
having many leaves and looking
healthy and strong bujny,
dorodny
shadow \"SdU\ (n) = a dark shape on
a surface caused by sth standing
between the light and the surface
cie
snatch \sntS\ (v) = to take sth away
from sb quickly and violently
zapa, schwyta, porwa
tree trunk (phr) = the body of a tree
pie drzewa
underground vault (phr) = a long
narrow chamber below ground
podziemna krypta
unique \ju"nik\ (adj) = being the only
one of its kind wyjtkowy,
niepowtarzalny
vegetation \vedZ"teISn\ (n) = plants,
trees and flowers rolinno

Module 2 Travel & Shopping

2a

a feast for the senses (phr) = lots for

the eyes to see, the ears to hear,
the nose to smell, etc uczta dla
zmysw

affect \"fekt\ (v) = to have an impact

on oddziaywa, mie wpyw na
appreciated \"priSietId\ (adj) =
recognised as valuable or
important doceniony

Language Focus 1

beach resort (phr) = a holiday

destination by the sea with hotels
and other facilities nadmorska
miejscowo wypoczynkowa
boast \bUst\ (v) = to feature a
desirable characteristic chlubi si,
szczyci si
breeze \briz\ (n) = a gentle wind
wietrzyk, bryza
cave \keIv\ (n) = a natural hole in the
side of a cliff or mountain jaskinia,
grota
challenge \"tSlIndZ\ (n) = a difficult
situation that demands effort
wyzwanie
chant \tSAnt\ (v) = to sing religious
hymns or songs piewa,
intonowa
civil war (phr) = the occasion when a
country splits into two opposing
sides that fight against each other
wojna domowa
colonise \"klnaIz\ (v) = (of a country)
to claim authority over an area
and send citizens to live there
skolonizowa, dokona
kolonizacji
commercial \k"mSl\ (adj) = related
to buying and selling things
komercyjny, handlowy
confide \kn"faId\ (v) = to tell sb sth
secret zwierzy si komu
dotted with \"dtId wID\ (pp) = having
things scattered in random
positions in an area usiany,
upstrzony
downside \"daUnsaId\ (n) =
a disadvantage wada, saba strona
elaborately decorated statues (phr)
= stone figures with lots of
decoration bogato zdobione
posgi
emergency \I"mdZnsi\ (n) = a serious
or dangerous situation that needs
immediate action nagy wypadek,
sytuacja kryzysowa
fascinating wall paintings (phr) =
very interesting pictures painted
on the walls fascynujce
malowida cienne
first-rate \fst "reIt\ (adj) = excellent;
extremely good pierwszorzdny,
doskonay
gain independence (phr) = (of
a country) to break free from
another countrys rule uzyska
niepodlego

179 (WL4)

Word List
get by \get "baI\ (phr v) = to deal with
things well despite difficulties
dawa sobie rad, radzi sobie
finansowo
give in \gIv "In\ (phr v) = to stop
opposing a desire, a temptation, a
wish, etc podda si, ulec (np.
pokusie)
glorious \"glOris\ (adj) = magnificent
cudowny, wspaniay; chlubny
golden sands (phr) = yellow sandy
beaches zote piaski
gorgeous \"gOdZs\ (adj) = very
beautiful olniewajcy,
zachwycajcy
growing economy (phr) = the fact
that a country becomes richer
rosnca, rozwijajca si
gospodarka
guidebook \"gaIdbUk\ (n) = a book that
gives tourists information about
a town, an area or a country
przewodnik turystyczny (w formie
ksikowej)
heritage site (phr) = an area/place
protected by UNESCO because it is
historically or culturally important
zabytek znajdujcy si na licie
dziedzictwa UNESCO
highly recommend (phr) = to believe
strongly that other people should
see or experience sth gorco
poleca
inland \In"lnd\ (adv) = in a direction
away from the sea and towards
the centre of an area of land
w gb ldu
instalment \In"stOlmnt\ (n) = an
episode; a part of a series odcinek
(np. serialu lub powieci)
jet lag (phr) = a feeling of tiredness
and confusion after a long journey
between places that have a time
difference ze samopoczucie
wywoane rnic pomidzy
strefami czasowymi
just off the coast (phr) = not far from
the part of a country where the
land meets the sea niedaleko
wybrzea
lantern \"lntn\ (n) = a light with a
protective case and a handle
lampion
lasting impression (phr) = an effect
or admiration that continues for a
long time trwae wraenie

180 (WL5)

light candles (phr) = to set fire to the

wick that runs through a solid
piece of wax zapali wiece
loss of life (phr) = the fact that
people die straty w ludziach
magical atmosphere (phr) = a sense
of magic in the air magiczna
atmosfera
monk \mNk\ (n) = a member of a
group of religious men who live
away from society mnich
monks chanting (phr) = members of
an all-male religious group singing
religious songs piew mnichw
nestled \"nesld\ (pp) = located in a safe,
sheltered position close to sth else
schowany, ukryty
optimism \"ptImIzm\ (n) =
hopefulness optymizm
overall \Uvr"Ol\ (adv) = in general
w sumie, oglnie
passer-by \pAs "baI\ (n) = a person
who walks past sb or sth
przechodzie
pray \preI\ (v) = to speak to a god
either to ask for help or give
thanks modli si
put up \pUt "p\ (phr v) = to stick or
fasten sth to a wall so that it can
be seen przymocowa, wznosi,
dekorowa
sample \"sAmpl\ (v) = to taste
prbowa, kosztowa
sink back \sINk "bk\ (phr v) = to relax
into a comfortable position
zanurzy si, usi wygodnie
(np. w fotelu)
snooze \snuz\ (v) = to sleep lightly for
a short period of time drzema
soft breeze (phr) = a gentle wind
delikatny wiaterek
strike \straIk\ (v) = (of sth bad) to
suddenly happen nawiedzi
(o nieszczciu, katastrofie)
stroll \strUl\ (n) = a slow relaxed walk
spacer, przechadzka
stunning \"stnIN\ (adj) = amazing;
very attractive zachwycajcy,
oszaamiajcy
temptation \temp"teISn\ (n) = a desire
to have or do sth that I probably
shouldnt have or do pokusa, ch
travellers cheque (phr) = a type of
money used by tourists czek
podrny
treat \trit\ (v) = to behave towards sb
in a certain way potraktowa

vast \vAst\ (adj) = extremely large

ogromny, nieprzebrany, rozlegy
waves lapping gently on the shore
(phr) = when the sea is calm and
the water gently touches the land
fale muskajce delikatnie ld
within easy access of (phr) = not far
away from sth w niewielkiej
odlegoci od

2b
account \"kaUnt\ (n) = a formal
arrangement in which a bank
holds money for a person or
business konto
admit \d"mIt\ (v) = to allow sb to
enter wpuszcza (do rodka)
all-day \Ol "deI\ (adj) = lasting 24 hours
caodobowy
allow \"laU\ (v) = to permit; to let
pozwala, umoliwia
allowance \"laUns\ (n) = a sum of
money paid regularly to a person
zasiek; dodatek; przydzia
ancient \"eInSnt\ (adj) = belonging to
a distant past, especially before the
end of the Roman Empire
staroytny
appeal \"pil\ (n) = an attractive or
interesting quality czar, urok,
atrakcyjno
archaeological site (phr) = a place
that has ancient ruins which
archaeologists are interested in
stanowisko archeologiczne
bargain \"bAgn\ (n) = sth bought at a
cheaper price okazja, dobry
interes
board \bOd\ (v) = to embark; to get
on wsi (np. do pocigu)
budget \"bdZIt\ (n) = an amount of
money available to spend budet;
ilo pienidzy do wydania
bumpy \"bmpi\ (adj) = (of a flight)
having irregular movements
z turbulencjami (o locie),
nierwny, wyboisty
cancellation \kns"leISn\ (n) =the
fact that a scheduled
journey/event is cancelled and
does not take place odwoanie,
anulowanie (np. lotu)
check in \tSek "In\ (phr v) = to register
as a guest at a hotel or as a
passenger at an airport
zameldowa si (w hotelu);
zgosi si do odprawy (na
lotnisku)

Word List
crater \"kreIt\ (n) = a large hole in the
ground caused by an object
hitting it with force; a large pit
forming the mouth of a volcano
krater
credit \"kredIt\ (n) = a method of
paying for goods at a later time
kredyt
day trip (phr) = a journey to a place
and back again on the same day
jednodniowa wycieczka
delay \dI"leI\ (n) = the occasion when
we have to wait longer than
expected for a scheduled event
opnienie
departure lounge (phr) = a place
where we wait before boarding a
plane at an airport hala odlotw
discount \"dIskaUnt\ (n) = a reduction
in the amount of money that I
have to pay for sth znika, rabat
dock \dk\ (v) = (of a ship) to sail into
and stay at a port for a period of
time przybi, zawin do portu
drive a hard bargain (idm) = to
argue with determination to
achieve a favourable deal stawia
twarde warunki
embark \Im"bAk\ (v) = to go on board
a ship or plane wsiada (do
samolotu, na statek)
exchange rate (phr) = the value of a
currency, used when changing it
into another currency kurs
wymiany (walut)
exit \"egzIt\ (n) = a place where we can
leave; the way out wyjcie
foreign currency (phr) = coins and
banknotes used in a particular
country obca waluta
fund \fnd\ (n) = a sum of money
fundusz; datek
get on \get "n\ (phr v) = to board a
bus, train, etc wsi (do
autobusu, pocigu)
guided tour (phr) = a journey around
a place that is led by a tour guide
wycieczka z przewodnikiem
have itchy feet (idm) = to want to
leave a place and travel nie mc
usiedzie na jednym miejscu
historic \hI"strIk\ (adj) = being
important in history historyczny
(majcy historyczne znaczenie)
historical \hI"strIkl\ (adj) = connected
with the study or representation of
things from the past historyczny
(ktry si wydarzy, mia miejsce)

hit the road (idm) = to set off on

a journey wyruszy w drog
instalment \In"stOlmnt\ (n) = a small
amount of money that one pays at
specific times instead of all at once
rata
jam \dZm\ (n) = a large number of
vehicles close together and unable
to move korek uliczny
land \lnd\ (v) = (of a plane) to touch
the ground wyldowa
leaving \"livIN\ (pres p) = going away
wyjazd
let \let\ (v) = to allow sb to do sth
pozwala
live out of a suitcase (idm) = to be
constantly travelling y na
walizkach
messy \"mesi\ (adj) = disorderly
zabaaganiony, niechlujny
on board \n "bOd\ (prep phr) = inside
an aeroplane or ship na pokadzie
on display \n dI"spleI\ (prep phr) = in
a particular place for people to see
easily na wystawie
one-way \wn "weI\ (adj) = (of a ticket)
outward; not returning (bilet)
w jedn stron
outbound \"aUtbaUnd\ (adj) = on the
journey to somewhere (podr) do
jakiego miejsca
package holiday (phr) = a holiday
arranged by a travel agency
wakacje/urlop zorganizowane
przez biuro podry
pick sb up \pIk "p\ (phr v) = to collect
sb (usually by car) and take them
somewhere odebra kogo (np.
z dworca kolejowego) i podwie
gdzie
purchase \"ptSs\ (v) = to buy kupi,
naby
put on hold (phr) = to delay; to
postpone opni, przeoy na
pniejszy termin
receipt \rI"sit\ (n) = a piece of paper
given to a customer by a shop
owner to show that the customer
has paid for the item(s) that they
purchased paragon
refund \rI"fnd\ (n) = a sum of money
paid back to sb zwrot pienidzy
retirement \rI"taImnt\ (n) = the time
when a worker leaves his job and
stops working completely
emerytura

return \rI"tn\ (adj) = (of a ticket) for a

journey going away and coming back
(bilet) w obie strony
rip-off \"rIp f\ (n) = sth that is not
worth what I paid for it
przepacony zakup
rough \rf\ (adj) = (of the sea) with
big waves burzliwy, niespokojny
seaside resort (phr) = a place close to
the sea where sb can spend their
holidays nadmorska miejscowo
wypoczynkowa
self-catering apartment (phr) =
holiday accommodation with a
kitchen where we can make our
own meals mieszkanie z
wyywieniem we wasnym
zakresie
set off \set "f\ (phr v) = to start a
journey wyj, wyruszy
special deal (phr) = a product with
a reduced price specjalna znika
steep cliff (phr) = a high rock
formation strome urwisko
stop off \stp "f\ (phr v) = to take a
short break during a journey in
order to do sth zrobi sobie
krtk przerw w podry
take off \teIk "f\ (phr v) = (of an
aeroplane) to leave the ground; to
depart (o samolocie)
wystartowa, wznie si w gr
tasty local dish (phr) = delicious food
specific to a certain place or area
smaczne miejscowe danie
tough \tf\ (adj) = difficult trudny,
wymagajcy
tourist attraction (phr) = a popular
place that tourists visit atrakcja
turystyczna
travel light (idm) = to travel with few
belongings podrowa
z niewielk iloci bagau
unspoilt countryside (phr) = a
naturally beautiful area with no
man-made alterations
dziewiczy/nieskaony krajobraz
value \"vlju\ (n) = the price that is
considered a fair amount for sth
tu: dobra cena
weekend break (phr) = a trip
somewhere for Saturday and
Sunday wyjazd na weekend
youth hostel (phr) = a place that is
similar to a hotel but with fewer
facilities and cheaper room rates
schronisko modzieowe

181 (WL6)

Word List
2d
archway \"AtSweI\ (n) = an entrance
passage in the form of an arch
wejcie zwieczone ukiem;
brama
catch my breath (phr) = to pause
during a strenuous activity to
breathe more regularly zapa
oddech
check sth out \tSek "aUt\ (phr v) = to
investigate sth zbada, sprawdzi
collapse \k"lps\ (v) = to fall down
zemdle, zasabn
courtyard \"kOtjAd\ (n) = an open area
surrounded by buildings or walls
dziedziniec
embarrassment \Im"brsmnt\ (n) =
the feeling of being uncomfortable
or nervous zaenowanie,
zakopotanie, skrpowanie
guaranteed \grn"tid\ (pp) = assured
z pewnoci, posiadajcy
gwarancj
hand gesture (phr) = a signal/sign
made with the hand ruch/gest
rk
its the thought that counts (phr) =
the thought behind an action is
more important than the action
licz si intencje
overjoyed \Uv"dZOId\ (adj) =
delighted ogromnie ucieszony,
wielce uradowany
overwhelming \Uv"welmIN\ (adj) =
having a strong effect on sb
przemony, nieprzeparty
premises \"premIsIz\ (pl n) = all the
buildings and land that a business
occupies in one place obiekt
promenade \prm"nAd\ (n) = a paved
public road along the seafront
promenada, deptak
seafront \"sifrnt\ (n) = the part of a
town on the coast next to the
beach bulwar nadmorski
shopaholic \Sp"hlIk\ (n) = sb who is
addicted to shopping zakupoholik
sunstroke \"snstrUk\ (n) = an illness
caused by spending too much
time in hot sunshine udar
soneczny

2f
blazing \"bleIzIN\ (adj) = burning
brightly jaskrawy, olepiajcy,
palcy, piekcy
breathlessly \"breTlsli\ (adv) = in
a way that causes sb to pant bez
tchu

182 (WL7)

cosy \"kUzi\ (adj) = (of a room)

comfortable and pleasant,
especially because it is small and
warm przytulny
deafening \"defnIN\ (adj) = extremely
loud oguszajcy
freezing \"frizIN\ (adj) = extremely
cold lodowaty

Language Focus 2
board \bOd\ (v) = to get on; to
embark wej na pokad (np.
samolotu)
catch \ktS\ (v) = to take a bus, a
train, etc somewhere zdy,
zapa
change trains (phr) = to get off one
train and get on another to reach
a destination przesi si
(z jednego pocigu na drugi)
excursion \Ik"skSn\ (n) = a short
journey made for pleasure,
enjoyment or educational
purposes wycieczka
fasten \"fAsn\ (v) = to attach sth
firmly to another object or surface
zapi (np. pas bezpieczestwa)
flight \flaIt\ (n) = a journey made by
flying in an aeroplane lot
give sb a lift (phr) = to give sb a ride
in my car somewhere podwie
kogo
journey \"dZni\ (n) = the act of
travelling from one place to
another podr
miss \mIs\ (v) = to fail to catch a bus, a
train, etc spni si, nie zdy
na (np. autobus)
secluded \sI"kludId\ (adj) = (of place)
quiet and private ustronny,
odosobniony
trip \trIp\ (n) = a short journey
wycieczka, krtka podr
voyage \"vOIIdZ\ (n) = a journey on a
ship or in a spacecraft rejs

Module 3

Our World

affect \"fekt\ (v) = to have an

influence on sb/sth mie wpyw
na co
basic needs (phr) = food, water,
warmth, etc podstawowe
potrzeby
bullying \"bUliIN\ (n) = the act of using
my strength or power to hurt or
frighten weaker people (usually at
school) tyranizowanie, zncanie
si, wymuszanie

carbon dioxide (phr) = a gas in the

air we breathe dwutlenek wgla
child labour (phr) = the state of
employing children to work praca
dzieci
crime \kraIm\ (n) = an act which is not
legal and may be punished by law
przestpstwo
decline \dI"klaIn\ (v) = to become
worse obnia si, spada;
pogarsza si
deforestation \difrI"steISn\ (n) = the
cutting down of trees wylesianie,
wycinanie lasw
employment \Im"plOImnt\ (n) = the
state of being paid to work for a
company zatrudnienie
exploitation \eksplOI"teISn\ (n) = the
act of using sb/sth to my
advantage wyzysk
family planning (phr) = choosing
when to have children and how
many to have planowanie rodziny
famine \"fmIn\ (n) = a situation in
which large numbers of people
have little or no food, and many of
them die klska godu
figure \"fIg\ (n) = a number liczba
fossil fuels (phr) = substances, such as
coal or oil, which are made from
naturally destroyed parts of dead
animals or plants, and are burnt to
provide heat or power paliwa
kopalne
global warming (phr) = a rise in the
Earths temperature caused by
polluted gases globalne
ocieplenie
greenhouse gases (phr) = gases that
are created from burning fossil
fuels and cause our atmosphere to
heat up gazy cieplarniane
homelessness \"hUmlsns\ (n) = the
condition of not having a home
bezdomno
illegal downloading of songs/films
(phr) = the act of downloading
copyrighted material from the
Internet without paying for it
nielegalne pobieranie
piosenek/filmw z internetu
issue \"ISu\ (n) = a matter kwestia,
zagadnienie
melt \melt\ (v) = to change from solid
to liquid when heated topnie
overfishing \Uv"fISIN\ (n) = the act of
catching too many fish nadmierny
odw

Word List
overpopulation \UvppjU"leISn\ (n) =
the condition of having too many
people for the resources available
in a place przeludnienie
ozone depletion (phr) = the
reduction of ozone in the
atmosphere zmniejszanie si
warstwy ozonowej
polar ice caps (phr) = the huge
masses of ice at the North and
South Poles czapy lodowe na
biegunach
poverty \"pvti\ (n) = the condition of
being extremely poor ubstwo,
bieda
standard of living (phr) = the
amount of money and comfort
that certain people have standard
ycia
starvation \stA"veISn\ (n) = extreme
suffering or death because of lack
of food gd, mier godowa
trap \trp\ (v) = to catch; to hold in a
place uwizi, zatrzyma

3a
abandon \"bndn\ (v) = to leave a
place, a thing or a person
porzuci, opuci
at risk \t "rIsk\ (prep phr) = in danger
w niebezpieczestwie
atoll \"tl\ (n) = a landmass made
from coral atol (wyspa koralowa)
attitude \"tItjud\ (n) = a way of
thinking and acting stosunek,
postawa
aware of \"wer v\ (adj) = knowing
about sth wiadomy
be moved to tears (phr) = to be
upset to the point of crying
wzruszy si do ez
brutal \"brutl\ (adj) = cruel; violent
brutalny
but for (phr) = if it hadnt been for
gdyby nie
cholera \"klr\ (n) = a serious, often
deadly, disease of the stomach and
intestines found mainly in tropical
countries cholera
citizen \"sItIzn\ (n) = a member of
a country, city, etc obywatel
claim \kleIm\ (v) = to believe sth to be
true twierdzi
climate change (phr) = the fact that
the weather and temperatures
change around the world zmiana
klimatyczna
consequence \"knsIkwns\ (n) = a
result konsekwencja, skutek

contaminated \kn"tmIneItId\ (adj) =

harmful because of chemicals or
radiation zanieczyszczony,
skaony
declare \dI"kle\ (v) = to formally
announce ogosi, zadeklarowa
demand \dI"mAnd\ (v) = to ask firmly
and forcefully zada
depend on \dI"pend n\ (v) = to be
affected or determined by sth
zalee od, by uzalenionym od
draw up \drO "p\ (phr v) = to write
down or create a suggestion or
plan sporzdzi, opracowa
drought \draUt\ (n) = a long period of
time in which no rain falls susza
due to \"dju t\ (prep) = as a result of;
because of z uwagi na, z powodu,
dziki
effect \I"fekt\ (n) = a result; a
consequence efekt, rezultat,
skutek
emerge \I"mdZ\ (v) = to become known
wyania si, ukazywa
emergency shipment (phr) = a cargo
of emergency supplies awaryjna
dostawa
emigrate \"emIgreIt\ (v) = to leave my
country in order to go and live in
another country wyemigrowa
emotional \I"mUSnl\ (adj) = causing
strong feelings emocjonalny,
uczuciowy
entirely \In"taIli\ (adv) = totally; fully
w peni, cakowicie
forefather \"fOfAD\ (n) = an ancestor
przodek
gas emissions (phr) = gas releases
emisja gazw
geological makeup (phr) = what sth
natural is made of, especially
concerning rock budowa
geologiczna
groundwater \"graUndwOt\ (n) =
water that comes naturally from
under the ground wody gruntowe
grow crops (phr) = to cultivate plants
to eat uprawia roliny
home-grown food (phr) = edible
crops grown in our own country
lokalna/rodzima ywno
homeland \"hUmlnd\ (n) = our native
country ojczyzna
import \"Im"pOt\ (v) = to bring into a
country through legal means
importowa
inevitable \I"nevItbl\ (adj) = certain
to happen and cant be prevented
or avoided nieunikniony

inland \In"lnd\ (adv) = in a direction

away from the sea and towards
the centre of an area of land w
gb ldu
issue \"ISu\ (n) = a matter kwestia,
zagadnienie
lack \lk\ (sing n) = an absence of sth;
a shortage brak
negotiator \nI"gUSieIt\ (n) = sb who
mediates between two parties to
reach an agreement negocjator
outline \"aUtlaIn\ (v) = to give the main
ideas of sth zarysowa,
przedstawi w skrcie
phenomenon \fI"nmInn\ (n) = sth
that happens and is studied
because it is difficult to understand
zjawisko
proposal \pr"pUzl\ (n) = an idea; a
plan propozycja
rainwater \"reInwOt\ (n) = water in
the form of rain deszczwka
remain \rI"meIn\ (v) = to continue to be
pozosta
representative \reprI"zenttIv\ (n) = sb
who acts on behalf of another
person or group of people
przedstawiciel
sea levels (phr) = the height of sea
water compared to the land
poziom wd
significant \sIg"nIfIknt\ (adj) =
important istotny, wany
significantly \sIg"nIfIkntli\ (adv) =
considerably znaczco, istotnie
sink \sINk\ (v) = to go below the
surface of the water zaton
soil \sOIl\ (n) = the top layer of earth
in which plants grow gleba
spell \spel\ (v) = to mean; to result in
sth zwiastowa, zapowiada
state of emergency (phr) = a period
when emergency measures are put
in place to safeguard people stan
wyjtkowy
thermal expansion (phr) = the act of
getting bigger because of heat
rozszerzanie si wraz ze
wzrostem temperatury
uninhabitable \nIn"hbItbl\ (adj) =
unsuitable for people to live there
nienadajcy si do zamieszkania
vividly \"vIvIdli\ (adv) = clearly ywo,
barwnie, jaskrawo
water shortage (phr) = not having a
sufficient supply of water to meet
needs niedobr wody

183 (WL8)

Word List
3b
active volcano (phr) = a volcano
which may erupt at any time
czynny wulkan
advanced \d"vAnst\ (adj) = very
modern; ahead of the time
zaawansowany, nowoczesny
affect \"fekt\ (v) = to influence
wpywa na co
aftershock \"AftSk\ (n) = a tremor
after an earthquake wstrzs
wtrny
afterthought \"AftTOt\ (n) = an idea
which was not originally intended
but was thought of later refleksja
ash \S\ (n) = the greyish-white or
black powder created when a
volcano erupts popi
awake \"weIk\ (adj) = not sleeping
przebudzony, czujny
be/get trapped (phr) = to get caught
and held in a place by
uwizionym; wpa w puapk
bitterly cold (phr) = extremely cold
bardzo zimny
blizzard \"blIzd\ (n) = a snowstorm
with strong winds zamie niena,
nieyca
casualty \"kZulti\ (n) = sb wounded
or killed in an event ofiara
(wypadku, katastrofy)
chop down \tSp "daUn\ (phr v) = to
cut down ci
clean up \klin "p\ (phr v) = to make
sth neat and tidy posprzta,
uporzdkowa
collapse \k"lps\ (v) = to fall down
zawali si, zapa si
contaminate \kn"tmIneIt\ (v) = to
make a substance harmful by
putting sth in it skazi,
zanieczyci
coral reef (phr) = a formation made
of small sea creatures called coral
rafa koralowa
corrected \k"rektId\ (adj) = made
right poprawiony, skorygowany
count on \"kaUnt n\ (v) = to rely on sb
liczy na, polega na
damage \"dmIdZ\ (v) = to harm; to
injure uszkodzi
devastating \"devsteItIN\ (adj) = highly
destructive niszczycielski,
druzgoccy
dispose of \dI"spUz v\ (phr v) = to
throw away unwanted things
pozby si

184 (WL9)

downpour \"daUnpO\ (n) = a sudden

and unexpected heavy fall of rain
ulewa
endangered species (phr) = a class of
animals or plants which is in
danger of becoming extinct
gatunek zagroony wyginiciem
eruption \I"rpSn\ (n) = an instance of
hot rocks and ash exploding out of
the top of a volcano wybuch,
erupcja
evacuate \I"vkjueIt\ (v) = (of a group
of people) to move away from a
place of danger to somewhere
safer ewakuowa
exhaust fumes (phr) = gases released
by a vehicle when the engine is
running spaliny
experiment on \Ik"sperIment n\ (v) =
to carry out tests to learn sth or to
discover if sth works or is true
eksperymentowa na
explosion \Ik"splUZn\ (n) = a forceful
outburst of a bomb eksplozja,
wybuch
forecast \"fOkAst\ (n) = a prediction
about sth based on given
information prognoza (np.
pogody)
frost \frst\ (n) = the cold weather
conditions which allow a thin layer
of powdery ice to form (also called
frost) mrz
gain access to sth (phr) = to find a
way to get/have sth uzyska
dostp do czego
greenhouse effect (phr) = an
increase in the amount of carbon
dioxide and other gases in the
atmosphere considered
responsible for global warming
efekt cieplarniany
gust \gst\ (n) = a short and sudden
rush of wind poryw, podmuch
(wiatru)
hurt \ht\ (v) = to cause injury or pain
zrani
illiteracy \I"lItrsi\ (n) = inability to
read and write analfabetyzm
improved \Im"pruvd\ (adj) = better
than before ulepszony,
usprawniony, polepszony
industrial waste (phr) = waste
products from factories odpady
przemysowe
infect \In"fekt\ (v) = to affect with a
disease-causing organism zakazi

influence \"Influns\ (v) = to have an

effect on wpyn
injure \"IndZ\ (v) = to hurt or wound
zrani, spowodowa uraz
innocent \"Insnt\ (adj) = not guilty of
doing sth wrong niewinny
knock \nk\ (v) = to hit sth, such as a
door, in a fast action in order to
get attention zapuka
lost lives (phr) = dead people
ofiary w ludziach
minus \"maIns\ (adj) = below zero
minus, poniej zera
missed \mIst\ (pp) = being absent and
making sb feel sad wytskniony
(o osobie nieobecnej, za ktr si
tskni)
oil spill (phr) = the condition when an
oil tanker spills oil into the sea
wyciek ropy
ozone layer (phr) = the part of the
Earths atmosphere which protects
us from the Sun warstwa
ozonowa
pass \pAs\ (v) = to be given to sb else
as an inheritance; to die; to pass
away przej w czyje rce jako
spadek, odej (umrze)
pay the price (phr) = to deal with the
consequences of an action
zapaci cen
poison \"pOIzn\ (v) = to make sth
dangerous by putting a lethal
substance in it zatru, otru
pollute \p"lut\ (v) = to make air, soil
or water dirty zanieczyszcza
poor sanitation (phr) = substandard
sewage and other systems for
dealing with human waste ze
warunki sanitarne
powder \"paUd\ (n) = a substance
consisting of very fine small pieces
proszek, puder
prevent from \prI"vent frm\ (v) = to
stop sth from happening
zapobiega czemu
primary \"praImri\ (adj) = main; the
most important gwny,
podstawowy
put forward \pUt "fOwd\ (phr v) = to
suggest przedstawi,
zasugerowa
put out \pUt "aUt\ (phr v) = to
extinguish ugasi
racial discrimination (phr) = treating
sb differently because of their race
or skin colour dyskryminacja
rasowa

Word List
recognition \rekg"nISn\ (n) = the
state of being able to identify
sb/sth bycie rozpoznawalnym,
poznanie
reject \rI"dZekt\ (v) = to not accept sth
or agree to do sth; to turn down
odrzuci
result from \rI"zlt frm\ (v) = to
happen as a consequence of sth
else wynika z czego, by czego
skutkiem
rising \"raIzIN \ (adj) = getting higher
wzrastajcy, rosncy
ruin \"ruIn\ (v) = to destroy zrujnowa
spoil \spOIl\ (v) = to damage; to do
harm zepsu
sufferer \"sfr\ (n) = sb who suffers
from an illness osoba
cierpica/poszkodowana
throw away \TrU "weI\ (phr v) = to
get rid of sth wyrzuca, pozbywa
si
torrential rain (phr) = very heavy rain
rzsisty/ulewny deszcz
trust \trst\ (v) = to believe that sb is
good and honest and will not
harm me ufa, wierzy
turn off \tn "f\ (phr v) = to switch
off; to stop wyczy
upset \p"set\ (v) = to make sb
unhappy zmartwi, zasmuci
wreck \rek\ (v) = to damage; to
destroy zniszczy, powanie
uszkodzi

3d
addiction \"dIkSn\ (n) = an
uncontrollable desire to have sth
regularly uzalenienie
affordable housing (phr) =
accommodation that people on
low incomes can afford to live in
budownictwo socjalne
crack down \krk "daUn\ (phr v) =
to start dealing with bad or
illegal behaviour in a more
severe way wzi si za co,
rozprawi si z czym
distribution \dIstrI"bjuSn\ (n) = the
process of sharing, spreading or
supplying sth dystrybucja
gain employment (phr) = to find
paid work znale zatrudnienie
health risks (phr) = dangers to our
health zagroenia dla zdrowia
increasingly \In"krisINli\ (adv) = more
and more coraz bardziej, coraz
czciej

law-abiding \"lO baIdIN\ (adj) =

following legal rules praworzdny,
przestrzegajcy prawa
legitimately \l"dZItImtli\ (adv) =
legally; rightfully zgodnie z
prawem, legalnie
malnourishment \ml"nrISmnt\ (n) =
the state of being underfed
niedoywienie
merchandise \"mtSndaIz\ (v) =
products for sale towar, produkty
morality \m"rlIti\ (n) = the belief
that some behaviour is right and
some is wrong moralno
piracy \"paIrsi\ (n) = illegally copying
computer programs, music, films,
etc and selling them piractwo
(nielegalne kopiowanie plikw)
struggle \"strgl\ (v) = to experience
difficulty with sth walczy,
zmaga si
treatment centre (phr) = medical
centre orodek leczniczy
waiting list (phr) = a list of people
who have asked for sth which
is not immediately available but
which they might be able to
receive in the future lista
oczekujcych

3e
installation \Inst"leISn\ (n) = putting
some equipment in position or
into working order instalacja,
monta
landfill \"lndfIl\ (n) = a large deep
hole where large amounts of
rubbish are put wysypisko
renewable \rI"njubl\ (adj) = (of
energy) generated by natural
sources, such as wind, water and
sunlight odnawialny

3f
carbon emissions (phr) = carbon
dioxide gas released into the
atmosphere emisja dwutlenku
wgla
carpooling \"kApulIN\ (n) = the
practice of a group of people
taking turns to drive each other to
work, or drive each others
children to school, rather than
using separate cars naprzemienne
podwoenie si samochodem
przez grup osb

global proportions (phr) = being

extremely important; affecting the
whole world (o) rozmiarach
globalnych, (o) zasigu
globalnym
hunger \"hNg\ (n) = the need for
food gd
irrigation system (phr) = a means of
automatically watering plants and
crops system nawadniajcy
yield \jild\ (n) = a harvest; the
amount of sth produced or grown
produkcja, uzysk, plon

Language Focus 3
litter \"lIt\ (n) = garbage; rubbish
mieci
rubbish \"rbIS\ (n) = garbage; trash
mieci
waste \weIst\ (n) = anything which
has been used and is not needed
anymore odpady

Module 4 Moods & Feelings

bite my lips (phr) = to press the soft
parts of the front of my mouth
between the teeth przygry
wargi
bite my nails (phr) = to press the
hard parts on the end of my
fingers between the teeth ogryza
paznokcie
doubtful \"daUtfl\ (adj) = unsure;
having doubts powtpiewajcy,
peen wtpliwoci
frustrated \fr"streItId\ (adj) = annoyed
and discouraged sfrustrowany
have a broad smile (phr) = to stretch
my mouth wide and/or show the
teeth in pleasure szeroko si
umiecha
insecure \InsI"kjU\ (adj) = not
confident about my abilities,
knowledge, etc niepewny
lower the corners of my mouth
(phr) = to drop the outer edges of
my mouth lower than the rest
robi ponur min przez
opuszczenie kcikw ust
open mouth (phr) = having dropped
the lower jaw (z) otwartymi (ze
zdumienia) ustami
point my finger at sb (phr) = to
extend my index finger in sbs
direction to draw attention to
them wskaza kogo palcem

185 (WL10)

Word List
raised eyebrows (phr) = with my
eyebrows lifted up with the facial
muscles uniesione brwi
rub my neck (phr) = to move my
hand backwards and forwards over
the back of the neck
trze/pociera kark
scratch my head (phr) = to run my
nails on the top of the head
drapa si w gow
stand with crossed legs and folded
arms (phr) = to stand with all the
limbs tucked in and overlapping
each other sta ze skrzyowanymi
nogami i zaoonymi rkami
tense \tens\ (adj) = anxious; nervous
napity, spity
yawn \jOn\ (v) = to open my mouth
very wide and breathe in more air
than usual ziewa

4a
accomplishment \"kmplISmnt\ (n) =
an achievement osignicie
adrenaline \"drenlIn\ (n) =
a substance that the body
produces when we are angry,
scared or excited adrenalina
alone \"lUn\ (adv) = without
considering anything else tylko,
jedynie
beneficial \ben"fISl\ (adj) = helpful
and good dobroczynny, korzystny
blood flow (phr) = the movement of
blood around the body przepyw
krwi
by far (phr) = more than the rest
niewtpliwie, zdecydowanie
chronic stress (phr) = long-term
anxiety dugotrway stres
continually \kn"tInjuli\ (adv) = all the
time wci, ustawicznie
cortisol \"kOtIzl\ (n) = a hormone in
the body kortyzol
counsellor \"kaUnsl\ (n) = sb who
gives advice on a specified subject
(e.g. personal or social problems)
doradca, psycholog
cure \kjU\ (n) = a treatment or
medicine that makes a disease
disappear lekarstwo
disease \dI"ziz\ (n) = a serious illness
choroba
disheartened \dIs"hAtnd\ (adj) =
disappointed zniechcony,
przygnbiony

186 (WL11)

distinguish between \dI"stINgwIS

bItwin\ (v) = to tell the difference
between two or more things
rozrni midzy
distress \dI"stres\ (n) = a medical term
for negative stress negatywny
stres; cierpienie, rozpacz
embrace \Im"breIs\ (v) = to accept
zaakceptowa, przyj do
wiadomoci
energise \"endZaIz\ (v) = to give
energy to sb/sth doda wigoru,
wzmocni, pobudzi
ensure \In"SU\ (v) = to make certain
upewni si, zagwarantowa,
zapewni
eustress \ju"stres\ (n) = a medical term
for positive stress lekki
(pozytywny) stres
evolve \I"vlv\ (v) = to develop; to
change wyewoluowa, zmieni
si
face \feIs\ (v) = to deal with a problem
that will affect me stawi czoa,
upora si z
former \"fOm\ (adj) = the first of two
things previously mentioned
pierwszy (z dwch wymienionych
wczeniej elementw), ten
wczeniejszy
fully functional (phr) = working
properly w peni sprawny
handle \"hndl\ (v) = to deal or cope
with a problem or situation radzi
sobie
hard-earned cash (phr) = the money
that I have worked hard to earn
ciko zarobione pienidze
health benefits (phr) = positive
effects on our health korzyci
zdrowotne
hormone \"hOmUn\ (n) = a chemical
made by living cells, which makes
an organ of our body do sth
hormon
immune system (n) = the system
consisting of all the organs and
processes in our body, which
protects us from illness and
infection system immunologiczny
in effect (phr) = in reality
w rezultacie, w rzeczywistoci
in the short term (phr) = from now
till a time in the near future na
krtk met
industry \"Indstri\ (n) = all the
companies, factories and people
that produce things for sale
przemys

inescapable \InI"skeIpbl\ (adj) =

unavoidable nieunikniony
initial \I"nISl\ (adj) = happening at the
beginning pocztkowy
loud and clear (phr) = very clear and
easy to understand gony
i wyrany
make sth worth it (phr) = to make
sth deserve the effort I put into it
(o wysiku) opaci si
massage ball (phr) = a foam or
rubber ball which sb squeezes to
relieve stress kula do masau
mild \maIld\ (adj) = not severe
agodny, umiarkowany, delikatny
minimise \"mInImaIz\ (v) = to lower sth
bad to the lowest possible level
zminimalizowa, zmniejszy
neurological disease (phr) = an
illness related to the nerves
choroba nerwowa
on the contrary (phr) = the opposite
of what has just been stated is true
wprost przeciwnie
perceive \p"siv\ (v) = to see and
understand sth postrzega
physical exercise (phr) = activities to
exercise the body wiczenia
fizyczne
positive effect (phr) = sth that has
a good influence pozytywny
skutek
practitioner \prk"tISn\ (n) = sb who
practises medicine lekarz praktyk
professional assistance (phr) = help
from sb who is a professional in
their field fachowa pomoc
psychiatrist \saI"kaItrIst\ (n) = a doctor
of emotional problems psychiatra
psychologist \saI"kldZIst\ (n) = sb
who treats illnesses of the mind
psycholog
push my body to the limit (idm) = to
go to the extent of my physical
ability da z siebie wszystko
secrete \sI"krit\ (v) = to produce liquid
wydziela
sensation \sen"seISn\ (n) = a general
feeling or impression wraenie,
odczucie
serve a function (phr) = to perform
a task peni funkcj
speed up \spid "p\ (phr v) = to go
faster przyspieszy
sth takes a heavy toll on sb (idm) =
sth has a seriously bad effect on sb
mie fatalny wpyw na

Word List
strengthen \"streNTn\ (v) = to make
sth stronger wzmocni
stress management practitioner
(phr) = a doctor who helps people
to deal with stress osoba
profesjonalnie zajmujca si
leczeniem stresu
stress-related illnesses (phr) =
diseases related to the amount of
anxiety in our life choroby
wywoane stresem
suffer from \"sf frm\ (v) = to have a
disease skary si na, cierpie na
the heart beats (phr) = the heart
moves and pumps blood serce
bije
the risk of (phr) = the threat of sth
ryzyko, groba
to a large extent (phr) = mostly
w duym stopniu
treat a condition (phr) = to take
medicine or do sth to recover from
a health problem leczy
schorzenie
under circumstances of (phr) =
in a situation of w
okolicznociach, w kontekcie
undoubtedly \n"daUtIdli\ (adv) = in a
way which emphasises that sth
exists or is true niewtpliwie, bez
wtpienia
workout \"wkaUt\ (n) = an exercise
routine zaprawa, trening,
wiczenia

4b
a matter of life and death (idm) = a
very serious and life-threatening
issue sprawa ycia i mierci
attempt \"tempt\ (v) = to make an
effort usiowa, prbowa
break up \breIk "p\ (phr v) = (of a
couple) to split up rozej si,
przesta by razem
breathe new life into sth (idm) = to
refresh sth old tchn w co ycie,
oywi
bring about \brIN "baUt\ (phr v) = to
cause sth to happen
spowodowa, wywoa
content \kn"tent\ (adj) = fairly happy
and satisfied zadowolony
costly \"kstli\ (adj) = costing a lot of
money kosztowny, drogi
deal with \"dil wID\ (phr v) = to try
and solve poradzi sobie
depressed \dI"prest\ (adj) = feeling very
sad and generally unhappy
przygnbiony, w depresji

deserve \dI"zv\ (v) = to earn sth

because of my good actions/
qualities zasugiwa na
devastated \"devsteItId\ (adj) =
extremely shocked and upset
zdruzgotany, zaamany
divorced \dI"vOst\ (adj) = having
ended a marriage rozwiedziony,
rozwiedziona
engaged \In"geIdZd\ (adj) = having
promised to marry sb zarczony,
zarczona
fall apart \fOl "pAt\ (phr v) = to lose
my emotional calm zaama si
fall for \"fOl f\ (phr v) = to fall in love
with sb zakocha si w
fulfil \fUl"fIl\ (v) = to do what I said
that I would do speni,
zrealizowa
full of life (idm) = energetic peen
ycia
gap year (phr) = a year taken off
university to gain life experience
rok przerwy przed pjciem na
studia
get promoted (phr) = to be given a
more important job or rank in the
organisation that I work for dosta
awans
hand down \hnd "daUn\ (phr v) =
to give sth to a younger family
member because I want them to
have it przekaza co (w ramach
spadku)
improve \Im"pruv\ (v) = to become or
make sth better polepszy,
usprawni
in the prime of our life (idm) = at
our physical peak w najlepszym
okresie ycia
invaluable \In"vljubl\ (adj) =
extremely useful nieoceniony
laid off \leId "f\ (pp) = having lost my
job because there is no more work
for me to do zwolniony (z pracy)
make sb redundant (phr) = to lay sb
off zwolni kogo
open up \Upn "p\ (phr v) = to start
saying exactly what I think or feel
otworzy si
petrified \"petrIfaId\ (adj) = extremely
frightened; paralysed with fear
sparaliowany strachem,
osupiay
priceless \"praIsls\ (adj) = being worth
a large amount of money
bezcenny

progress \pr"gres\ (v) = to improve or

develop in skills, knowledge, etc
robi postpy
prolong \pr"lN\ (v) = to extend; to
lengthen przeduy
prompt \prmpt\ (v) = to encourage
sb; to cause sth to happen as a
reaction zachci, skoni (kogo
do czego); wywoa,
spowodowa, doprowadzi do
pursue \p"sju\ (v) = to keep trying to
achieve sth realizowa, dy do
renovate \"renveIt\ (v) = to repair and
improve sth and get it into good
condition odnowi
restore \rI"stO\ (v) = to cause sth or sb
to be in a particular situation again
przywrci, odnowi, odbudowa
satisfied \"stIsfaId\ (adj) = pleased
zadowolony
satisfy \"stIsfaI\ (v) = to be good
enough for a purpose speni,
zadowoli
seek \sik\ (v) = to look for poszukiwa
self-centred \self "sentd\ (adj) =
thinking about myself all the time
egocentryczny
senior citizen (phr) = a pensioner
senior
settle down \setl "daUn\ (phr v) = to
start having a quiet life
ustatkowa si
sth is worth (phr) = sth is considered
to have a certain value co jest
warte
sort out \sOt "aUt\ (phr v) = to do what
is necessary to solve a problem or
organise the details zaatwi,
ustali, uporzdkowa
take care of (phr) = to look after sb
zajmowa si czym
thats life! (phr) = bad events will
sometimes happen and have to be
accepted Takie jest ycie!
toddler \"tdl\ (n) = a young child
who has only just learnt to walk
brzdc, szkrab, dziecko uczce si
chodzi
upbringing \"pbrININ\ (sing n) = the
way parents educate and treat
their children as they grow up
wychowanie
value \"vlju\ (v) = to think sb or sth is
important, and appreciate them
ceni sobie
voting age (phr) = being old enough
to vote wiek uprawniajcy do
gosowania

187 (WL12)

Word List
widow \"wIdU\ (n) = a woman whose
husband has died wdowa
wind down \waInd "daUn\ (phr v) = to
relax odpry si, zrelaksowa
worthless \"wTls\ (adj) = having no
value or use bezwartociowy

4d
adolescence \d"lesns\ (n) = the
period between childhood and
adulthood okres dorastania
adopted \"dptId\ (adj) = (of a child)
legally taken by a family to be
looked after as their own
adoptowany
bond \bnd\ (n) = a legal written
agreement or promise; a strong
connection zobowizanie; wi
confident \"knfIdnt\ (adj) = assured
pewny, przekonany
debate \dI"beIt\ (n) = a formal
discussion on a subject on which
people have different views
debata, dyskusja
energetic \en"dZetIk\ (adj) = active
aktywny, energiczny
enhance \In"hAns\ (v) = to improve the
value, quality or attractiveness of
sth ulepszy, poprawi,
wzmocni
gene \dZin\ (n) = a section of DNA
which codes for an inherited
characteristic, e.g. eye colour gen
get the brain ticking (phr) = to get
my brain to start thinking oywi
umys, pobudzi mylenie
inherit \In"herIt\ (v) = to be left money,
property, etc in sbs will
odziedziczy
inseparable \In"seprbl\ (adj) = (of
two or more people) unable to be
separated nierozczny,
nierozdzielny
nurture \"ntS\ (v) = to care for a
child while growing
wychowywa, pielgnowa
obsessed with \b"sest wID\ (adj) =
thinking about sth all the time
majcy obsesj na jakim punkcie
poverty \"pvti\ (n) = the condition of
being extremely poor ubstwo
social element (phr) = an aspect of
sth that involves interacting with
other people aspekt spoeczny
social environment (phr) = the
relationships that sb has with other
people rodowisko spoeczne

188 (WL13)

take up \teIk "p\ (phr v) = to start a

new activity zainteresowa si
czym
tune \tjunz\ (n) = a melody melodia
untroubled \n"trbld\ (adj) = relaxed
beztroski, spokojny
wealth \welT\ (n) = the possession of a
large amount of money, property
or other valuable things
bogactwo, zamono

Language Focus 4
decrease \dI"kris\ (v) = to become less
zmniejszy si
fulfil \fUl"fIl\ (v) = to make sth come
true speni, zrealizowa
reduce \rI"djus\ (v) = to become
smaller or less in price, number,
etc obniy, zredukowa
sample \"sAmpl\ (v) = to taste
prbowa, kosztowa
serve \sv\ (v) = to act as posuy
shrink \SrINk\ (v) = to become smaller
in size skurczy si

Module 5

Art

art movement (phr) = an influential

art style or trend kierunek w
sztuce
audience \"Odins\ (n) = a group of
people gathered to watch a play,
film, etc widownia, publiczno
be inspired by (phr) = to be
influenced by inspirowa si
(czym)
be performed \bi p"fOm\ (v) = (of a
play) to be put on zosta
wystawionym (o spektaklu itp.)
cast \kAst\ (n) = all the actors in a film,
play or show obsada
(w filmie)
exhibit \Ig"zIbIt\ (v) = to show sth
publicly wystawia (np. dziea
sztuki)
exhibition \eksI"bISn\ (n) = a public
event where paintings, sculptures,
etc are shown openly wystawa
focus on \"fUks n\ (phr v) = to
concentrate on skupia si na
full house (phr) = (of a theatre) with
all the seats reserved pena
widownia
landscape painting (phr) = a painting
of a scene in the countryside
pejza
lighting effects (n) = special visual
effects created by lights efekty
wietlne

live \laIv\ (adv) = happening now na

ywo
release \rI"lis\ (n) = a new CD or film
that is available for people to buy
or see nowe wydawnictwo (np.
album z muzyk lub film)
stage \steIdZ\ (n) = the raised area of a
theatre that actors and performers
stand on scena
works of art (phr) = pieces of art
dziea sztuki

5a
absorb \b"sOb\ (v) = to interest sb a
great deal and take up all their
attention and energy pochania
(np. czyj uwag)
animated characters (phr) = cartoon
characters postaci z kreskwek
animation \nI"meISn\ (n) = the
process of making films in which
drawings or puppets appear to
move animacja
apply \"plaI\ (v) = to use; to put into
practice stosowa
aspect \"spekt\ (n) = a feature; a
characteristic aspekt
authentic \O"TentIk\ (adj) = real
autentyczny, prawdziwy
box office hit (phr) = a films success
in terms of the number of tickets
sold sukces kasowy
catch up to \ktS "p t\ (phr v) = to
progress to the same level or
standard as sb else nadrobi,
dogoni, zrwna si poziomem
z
come along \km "lN\ (phr v) = to
arrive; to appear pojawi si,
przyby
computer-generated imagery (phr)
= images made by computer
graphics obraz generowany
komputerowo
copy \"kpi\ (v) = to produce sth that
looks like the original thing; to
imitate skopiowa, naladowa
detailed \"diteIld\ (adj) = having lots of
detail szczegowy, drobiazgowy
develop \dI"velp\ (v) = to make; to
create tworzy, rozwija
digital character (phr) = a character
made with computer graphics
posta wygenerowana cyfrowo
enhance \In"hAns\ (v) = to improve sth
ulepszy, poprawi, wzmocni
equipped with \I"kwIpt wID\ (pp) =
having specific equipment
wyposaony w

Word List
expert in \"ekspt In\ (phr) = sb who is
very knowledgeable about a
particular area ekspert w (jakiej
dziedzinie)
eyepiece \"aIpis\ (n) = the glass piece
in a telescope, microscope or
camera okular
facial expression (phr) = the look on
sbs face showing what they think
and feel wyraz twarzy
field of knowledge (phr) = a subject
area dziedzina wiedzy
full range (phr) = including all the
possible options peny zakres
fusion \"fjuZn\ (n) = the joining of
two or more things to form one
fuzja, poczenie
groundbreaking \"graUndbreIkIN\ (adj)
= very new and different from
other things przeomowy
headgear \"hedgI\ (n) = apparatus
that we wear on the head nakrycie
gowy
human expression (phr) = a way in
which humans physically express
themselves ludzki wyraz (np.
twarzy)
humanoid tribe (phr) = a group of
aliens who have humanlike bodies
with two arms, two legs and a
head plemi istot
czekopodobnych
influence \"Influns\ (v) = to have an
effect on sb wpywa
integrate with \"IntgreIt wID\ (v) = to
mix or join with zintegrowa,
poczy
interact \Intr"kt\ (v) = to
communicate komunikowa si,
oddziaywa na siebie wzajemnie
landscape \"lndskeIp\ (n) = an area of
countryside or land of a particular
type krajobraz
lead the way (idm) = to be the first to
do sth prowadzi, by na czele
lifelike \"laIflaIk\ (adj) = almost real jak
ywy, realistyczny
light year (phr) = the distance that
light can travel in one year rok
wietlny
limitation \lImI"teISn\ (n) = a
restriction; stopping sth from
progressing further ograniczenie
live action scene (phr) = a scene in a
film with real actors and sets
scena realistyczna/z udziaem
prawdziwych aktorw

make a dream come true (idm) = to

realise my goals speni marzenie
marker \"mAk\ (n) = a thing that
shows the position or existence of
a particular quality or feature
znacznik, wskanik
motion capture techniques (phr) =
ways to film small movements to
use in animation techniki
rejestracji ruchu
muscle \"msl\ (n) = a piece of elastic
body tissue that can be tightened
or relaxed to produce movement
misie
one-of-a-kind \wn v "kaInd\ (adj) =
unique jedyny w swoim rodzaju
production stage (phr) = the area in
a studio where a film or TV show is
produced strefa produkcji
realistic movement (phr) = a
movement that seems real
realistyczny ruch
record \rI"kOd\ (v) = to put sounds and
pictures onto a tape, so that they
can be seen and heard later
nagra
reflector \rI"flekt\ (n) = an object with
a surface that reflects light
wiateko odblaskowe
simulation camera (phr) = a special
camera used to film animated
sequences kamera uywana do
filmowania scen animowanych
special effects (phr) = computer
graphics or technical skills used in
a play or film to create an illusion
efekty specjalne
state-of-the-art technology (phr) =
the very latest technology
najnowsza technologia
surrounding (phr) = the area around
sb or sth otoczenie
take sth a step further (idm) = to
advance sth more zrobi krok
dalej
the media \D "midi\ (pl n) =
television, radio and newspapers
media, rodki masowego
przekazu
three-dimensional computer
graphics (phr) = 3D pictures
produced on computers
trjwymiarowa grafika
komputerowa
truly \"truli\ (adv) = really naprawd,
prawdziwie
virtual image (phr) = an image made
by a computer that seems real
obraz wirtualny

visual effects (phr) = images created

by special equipment efekty
wizualne
widely \"waIdli\ (adv) = to a large
degree szeroko

5b
author \"OT\ (n) = sb who writes a
book, an article, etc autor/autorka,
pisarz/pisarka
backing singers (phr) = the singers
who accompany the main singer
wokalici wspierajcy
book tickets (phr) = to reserve tickets
for a concert, a cinema, a journey,
etc zarezerwowa bilety
box office (phr) = the place where we
buy tickets for a film, a play, etc
kasa biletowa
bring out \brIN "aUt\ (phr v) = to
release a music album or film
wyda, opublikowa
bring the house down (idm) = to
make the audience laugh, clap or
cheer loudly for a long time
because they liked the
performance dosta owacj
broadsheet \"brOdSit\ (n) = a largesized newspaper usually
considered serious in content
gazeta duego formatu
call off \kOl "f\ (phr v) = to cancel an
activity odwoa
canvas \"knvs\ (n) = a strong heavy
cloth used by artists for painting on
ptno (malarskie)
chapter \"tSpt\ (n) = each of the
separate parts that a book is
divided into rozdzia
choir \kwaI\ (n) = a group of people
who sing in public, usually during
church services chr
column \"klm\ (n) = an article on a
particular subject in a newspaper
or magazine kolumna, szpalta;
felieton, artyku
composer \km"pUz\ (n) = sb who
writes music kompozytor
conductor \kn"dkt\ (n) = sb who
directs an orchestra dyrygent
convincing \kn"vInsIN\ (adj) =
believable przekonujcy
coverage \"kvrIdZ\ (n) = the
reporting of a piece of news
relacja, sprawozdanie
current affairs (phr) = political events
and social problems discussed in
the media sprawy
biece/aktualne

189 (WL14)

Word List
document \"dkjUment\ (v) = to record
the details of an event or process
udokumentowa, zarejestrowa
dressing room (phr) = a room where
an actor gets into costume
garderoba
dubbed \dbd\ (adj) = having the
sounds and speech on a film or TV
programme changed to a different
language z dubbingiem
earn a nomination (phr) = to be in
the running for an award zdoby
nominacj
editorial \edI"tOril\ (n) = the part of
the newspaper where the editor
writes his/her comments artyku
redakcyjny/wstpny
fiction \"fIkSn\ (n) = sth that is not
true or real beletrystyka, literatura
pikna
gifted \"gIftId\ (adj) = having a special
talent or ability uzdolniony,
utalentowany
glossy \"glsi\ (adj) = (of a magazine)
printed on shiny high-quality
paper lnicy, byszczcy,
ilustrowany
harmony \"hAmni\ (n) = notes of
music combined together in a
pleasant way harmonia
headlines \"hedlaInz\ (pl n) = the
words in large letters above a
newspaper story tytuy prasowe,
nagwki
highlight \"haIlaIt\ (n) the most
interesting or exciting part of an
event punkt kulminacyjny;
gwna atrakcja
in reality \In ri"lIti\ (prep phr) = in
real life w rzeczywistoci
keep my feet on the ground (idm) =
to remain practical and see things
as they really are twardo stpa
po ziemi
melody \"meldi\ (n) = a tune melodia
morning paper (phr) = the morning
edition of a daily newspaper
gazeta poranna
novel \"nvl\ (n) = a long written
story with imaginary characters
and events powie
oils \OIlz\ (pl n) = paints made from oils
farby olejne
on screen \n "skrin\ (prep phr) =
appearing on the cinema/TV
screen na ekranie
on stage \n "steIdZ\ (prep phr) =
appearing on a theatre stage na
scenie

190 (WL15)

out of print \aUt v "prInt\ (prep phr) =

(of a book) its copies are no longer
being produced wyczerpany
(o nakadzie ksiki)
out of stock \aUt v "stk\ (prep phr) =
(of a product) temporarily
unavailable in a shop wyprzedany
outstanding \aUt"stndIN\ (adj) =
extremely good wyrniajcy si,
wybitny
paintbrush \"peIntbrS\ (n) = a tool
with small pieces of hair used to
paint a surface or create a picture
pdzel malarski
perform \p"fOm\ (v) = to act or do sth
musical, theatrical, etc to entertain
an audience gra, bra udzia
w przedstawieniu
premiere \"premie\ (n) = the first
showing/performance of a
film/play premiera
prop \prp\ (n) = an object used by
the actors performing in a play or
film rekwizyt
publisher \"pblIS\ (n) = the company
that produces a book, a magazine,
a newspaper, etc wydawca
put off \pUt "f\ (phr v) = to delay
doing sth until later odkada na
pniejszy termin
put sth down to sth else \pUt "daUn t\
(phr v) = to think that sth is
caused by sth else zoy co na
karb czego
rehearsal \rI"hsl\ (n) = a run-through
of a play or dance before the
performance prba
release \rI"lis\ (v) = to make sth
available for people to buy wyda,
opublikowa
screenwriter \"skrinraIt\ (n) = sb who
writes the script of a film or TV
show; a scriptwriter scenarzysta
sign up \saIn "p\ (phr v) = to sign a
contract officially agreeing to do
sth, or to become a member of a
club, etc zapisa si
sing my heart out (idm) = to sing to
the best of my ability piewa
z maksymalnym zaangaowaniem
single \"sINgl\ (n) = an individual song
by an artist released for sale singiel
steal the show (idm) = to get a lot of
attention or praise because I
perform better than anyone else in
a show or other event przymi
reszt obsady, skupi na sobie
ca uwag

stunt \stnt\ (n) = a difficult or

dangerous action wyczyn, popis,
numer kaskaderski
support \s"pOt\ (n) = help or
encouragement given to sb in an
especially difficult situation
wsparcie, zachta
sweep the board (idm) = to win
everything that is available
zgarn ca pul
tabloid \"tblOId\ (n) = a small-sized
newspaper containing light articles
and gossip tabloid, brukowiec
the centre of attention (phr) = sb
that everyone is paying attention
to centrum uwagi
viewing habits (phr) = what people
regularly watch on TV
przyzwyczajenia widzw,
ogldalno

5d
acting talent (phr) = sbs natural
ability to act well talent aktorski
breathtaking performance (phr) =
an outstanding performance
wystp zapierajcy dech
w piersiach
countless awards (phr) = a large
number of prizes rozliczne
nagrody
growl \graUl\ (v) = to make a deep
rough sound in the throat, usually
in anger warcze, pomrukiwa
in the flesh (idm) = face-to-face
osobicie, we wasnej osobie
main role (phr) = the leading part
gwna rola
standing ovation (phr) = an audience
standing up and applauding to
show their admiration owacja na
stojco
story spans (phr) = a story covers a
certain period of time fabua
rozgrywa si w czasie
supporting cast (phr) = the other
actors apart from the leading ones
aktorzy drugoplanowi
unreleased \nrI"list\ (adj) = (of a CD,
a film, etc) not available to the
public yet przedpremierowy
upcoming \"pkmIN\ (adj) =
happening in the near future
zbliajcy si, nadchodzcy
venue \"venju\ (n) = a place where
a special event happens miejsce
(spotkania, koncertu, imprezy)

Word List
worth renting (phr) = (of a DVD)
deserving the money it costs to
rent it warty wypoyczenia

5f
genre \"Znr\ (n) = a particular type of
an art form gatunek (np. filmowy)
page-turner \peIdZ "tn\ (n) = a very
interesting book that makes us
want to keep reading it ksika
czytana jednym tchem
predictable \prI"dIktbl\ (adj) =
expected; anticipated
przewidywalny
sequel \"sikwl\ (n) = a book, a film or
a play which continues the story of
a previous version dalszy cig,
kontynuacja (np. ksiki lub filmu)
simplistic \sIm"plIstIk\ (adj) = very easy
to understand naiwnie prosty,
nazbyt uproszczony
spectacular \spek"tkjUl\ (adj) =
impressive widowiskowy,
spektakularny, imponujcy
spooky \"spuki\ (adj) = frightening and
ghostly nawiedzany przez duchy,
upiorny, straszliwy
suspense \s"spens\ (n) = a feeling of
worry or excitement about sth that
will happen napicie, nastrj
oczekiwania
tragic \"trdZIk\ (adj) = extremely sad
as it involves suffering or death
tragiczny

Language Focus 5
peak \pik\ (adj) = of the best, highest
or greatest level or amount szczyt
(sezonu)
prime time (phr) = peak viewing times
godziny najwikszej ogldalnoci
subtitled \"sbtaItld\ (adj) = having the
words of a film character written in
small captions at the bottom of
the screen (especially when in
another language) z napisami
give sb/take top billing (phr) = (in a
show, a film, etc) to be advertised
as the most important actor by
przedstawianym jako gwiazda
translate \trns"leIt\ (v) = to change
words into a different language
przetumaczy, przeoy

Module 6

Food & Health

break my arm (phr) = to break a bone

in my arm zama rk

burn my hand (phr) = to injure my

hand with heat dozna oparzenia
doni
graze my knee (phr) = to scrape the
skin off my knee (usually by falling
down) otrze kolano
have a cough (phr) = to force air out
of my lungs through my throat
with a short loud sound kaszle
have a fever (phr) = to have a high
temperature mie wysok
gorczk
have a headache (phr) = to have a
pain in the head cierpie na bl
gowy
have a sore throat (phr) = to have a
pain in the space inside the front
of the neck mie bl garda
have backache (phr) = to have a pain
in the back odczuwa bl plecw
have the measles (phr) = to suffer
from an illness which includes a
red rash and a high temperature
by chorym na odr
have toothache (phr) = to have a
pain in a tooth cierpie na bl
zba
pull a muscle (phr) = to injure a
muscle by stretching it too far so
that it is very painful nacign
misie
sprain my ankle (phr) = to cause an
injury to the joint that connects
the foot to the leg by a sudden
movement zwichn nog w
kostce

6a
a bite to eat (phr) = a snack co na
zb
accidentally \ksI"dentli\ (adv) = not
on purpose; by mistake
przypadkowo
almond \"Amnd\ (n) = a type of nut
migda
apple pips (phr) = the seeds in the
middle of an apple pestki jabka
bitter \"bIt\ (adj) = having a sharp
unpleasant taste gorzki
cancer causing (phr) = having the
ability to cause the development
of cancerous growths in the body
wywoujcy raka, rakotwrczy
capture \"kptS\ (v) = to catch; to
trap pojma, schwyta
carcinogenic \kAsIn"dZenIk\ (adj) =
likely to cause cancer rakotwrczy
chewed \tSud\ (pp) = crushed by the
teeth uty

chopped \tSpt\ (pp) = cut into small

pieces with a knife siekany
colonist \"klnIst\ (n) = sb who goes
to live in a country which is under
the control of a more powerful
country kolonizator
compound \"kmpaUnd\ (n) =
a chemical that combines two or
more elements zwizek chemiczny
countless \"kaUntls\ (adj) = endless;
numerous niezliczony
crushed \krSt\ (pp) = ground or
pressed until flat zgnieciony,
zmiadony
cyanide \"saInaId\ (n) = a powerful
poison cyjanek
damp \dmp\ (adj) = moist; slightly
wet wilgotny
deadly nightshade (phr) =
a poisonous plant pokrzyk wilcza
jagoda
deadly poison (phr) = a toxic
substance that can kill miertelna
trucizna
deadly secret (phr) = information
that is dangerous to know
miertelna tajemnica
decay \dI"keI\ (v) = to be gradually
destroyed by a natural process
gni, rozkada si
discourage \dIs"krIdZ\ (v) = to try and
stop sth happening zniechca
enemy \"enmi\ (n) = an opponent; sb
who tries to harm us wrg,
przeciwnik
export \"ekspOt\ (n) = a product sold
to another country produkt
eksportowany
fall into a coma (phr) = to become
unconscious for an indefinite time
zapa w piczk
fatal combination (phr) = two or
more things which when mixed
can kill miertelna
kombinacja/poczenie
fool \ful\ (v) = to trick; to deceive
oszuka, wyprowadzi w pole
fungus \"fNgs\ (n) = (pl: fungi) an
organism that gets its food from
decaying material grzyb
harmless \"hAmls\ (adj) = not
dangerous nieszkodliwy
heat-processed \"hit prUsest\ (adj) =
treated with heat poddany
obrbce cieplnej
highly poisonous (phr) = very toxic
bardzo toksyczny

191 (WL16)

Word List
hydrogen cyanide (phr) = a powerful
poison cyjanowodr
illegal \I"ligl\ (adj) = against the law
nielegalny
in particular (phr) = particularly;
especially w szczeglnoci,
zwaszcza
innocent appearance (phr) = looking
like it can do no harm niewinny
wygld
lurk \lk\ (v) = to hide and wait
somewhere czai si
mushroom \"mSrUm\ (n) = a fungus,
i.e. a plant without flowers, leaves
or green colouring, with a short
stem and a round top grzyb
oil \OIl\ (n) = a thick liquid used for
cooking oliwa
organism \"OgnIzm\ (n) = an animal
or plant organizm
paste \peIst\ (n) = a soft, wet, thick
mixture which can be spread easily
pasta, papka
peckish \"pekIS\ (adj) = slightly hungry
nieco godny
poison \"pOIzn\ (n) = a substance that
can be fatal trucizna
potentially fatal (phr) = able to kill in
certain circumstances potencjalnie
miertelny
powder \"paUd\ (n) = a substance
consisting of very fine small pieces
proszek, puder
raw \rO\ (adj) = uncooked surowy
razor-sharp knife (phr) = a very sharp
cutting utensil n ostry jak
brzytwa
recipe \"resIpi\ (n) = a list of
ingredients and a set of
instructions telling us how to cook
sth przepis kulinarny
remove \rI"muv\ (v) = to get rid of sth;
to make sth disappear usun
seed \sid\ (n) = a small hard part from
which a new plant grows ziarno
self-defence system (phr) = a means
of protecting myself from attack
system samoobrony
Shiitake mushroom (phr) = a type of
edible fungus twardnik japoski
(gatunek jadalnego grzyba)
sliced \slaIst\ (pp) = cut into equal thin
pieces pokrojony na plasterki
slip \slIp\ (v) = to lose my balance and
fall while moving on a wet or icy
surface polizgn si
solanine \"sUlnaIn\ (n) = a poisonous
chemical solanina

192 (WL17)

spy \spaI\ (n) = sb whose job is to find

out secret information about
another country or organisation
szpieg
stem \stem\ (n) = the thin and long
part of a plant on which the
flowers and leaves grow odyga
stomach upsets (phr) = stomach
ache, diarrhoea and vomiting
rozstrj odka
swallow \"swlU\ (v) = to cause food
to go from the mouth down into
the stomach poyka
take a closer look (phr) = to look at
sth more carefully przyjrze si z
bliska
thrive \TraIv\ (v) = to grow strong and
healthy piknie rosn, rozwija
si
trace \treIs\ (n) = a very small amount
of sth lad (niewielka ilo)
tumour \"tjum\ (n) = a mass of
diseased cells which might cause a
lump or cancer guz
victim \"vIktIm\ (n) = a person or an
animal that is injured or killed
ofiara
weak \wik\ (adj) = exhausted saby
white button mushroom (phr) = the
most common type of edible
fungus pieczarka
dwuzarodnikowa

6b
add \d\ (v) = to put sth with sth else
or a group of other things doda
apply \"plaI\ (v) = to put a substance
onto a surface nakada,
smarowa
bake \beIk\ (v) = to cook bread or
cakes in an oven piec w
piekarniku
be a real pain in the neck (idm) = to
be very annoying and irritating
by prawdziwym utrapieniem
beat \bit\ (v) = to mix together
rozbeta, ubi
be obsessed with sth (phr) = to
think about sth all the time mie
obsesj na punkcie czego
bite \baIt\ (v) = to close my teeth
upon sth gry
bland \blnd\ (adj) = (of foods)
tasteless mdy, nijaki, bez smaku
bloated \"blUtId\ (adj) = (of a part of
the body) enlarged due to liquid
or gas spuchnity, wzdty
(brzuch)

boil \bOIl\ (v) = to heat a liquid until

bubbles appear ugotowa,
doprowadzajc do temperatury
wrzenia
bruise \bruz\ (n) = an injury
appearing as a purple mark on the
body siniec
chew \tSu\ (v) = to bite food and
break it into small pieces u,
przeuwa
cold \kUld\ (n) = an infection that
includes a cough, a runny nose
and sneezing przezibienie
come down with \km "daUn wID\
(phr v) = to get an illness
zachorowa na
cook \kUk\ (v) = to prepare food for
eating by heating it gotowa
cope (with sth) \kUp\ (v) = to deal
with a situation successfully radzi
sobie (z czym)
cough \kf\ (n) = the action of forcing
air out of our lungs through our
throat with a short loud sound
kaszel
cramps \krmps\ (pl n) = sharp pains
in the abdomen skurcze
craving (for sth) \"kreIvIN\ (n) = a
strong desire to eat sth in
particular pragnienie (czego)
creamy \"krimi\ (adj) = (of food or
drink) thick and smooth or
containing a lot of cream
kremowy, mietankowy
crunch \krntS\ (v) = to eat sth by
making a loud crushing sound
chrupa
crunchy \"krntSi\ (adj) = pleasantly
hard or crisp so that it makes a
noise when we eat it chrupicy,
chrupki
cure \kjU\ (v) = to cause a disease or
illness to end or disappear with
medical treatment wyleczy
cut \kt\ (v) = to divide into pieces
using scissors or a knife poci
cut down on \kt "daUn n\ (phr v) =
to use or do less of sth ograniczy,
zredukowa
decrease \dI"kris\ (v) = to become less
zmniejszy si, zmale
diarrhoea \daI"rI\ (n) = liquid body
waste due to illness biegunka
fever \"fiv\ (n) = a higher body
temperature than usual gorczka
flu \flu\ (n) = an illness with
symptoms including a high
temperature and a runny nose
grypa

Word List
food poisoning (phr) = an illness
caused by eating bad food
zatrucie pokarmowe
fresh \freS\ (adj) = (of food) made
recently wiey
fry \fraI\ (v) = to cook in hot oil or fat
smay
get in shape (phr) = to become fitter
and in better physical condition
doj do formy, zadba o lini
grate \greIt\ (v) = to rub food over a
sharp metal utensil so that it is cut
into very small pieces trze na
tarce
grill \grIl\ (v) = to cook by using very
strong heat directly above or
below food smay na ruszcie,
grillowa
have a big mouth (idm) = to tell
peoples secrets to others mie
dugi jzyk
have a sweet tooth (idm) = to like
eating sugary food uwielbia
sodycze
headache \"hedeIk\ (n) = a pain in the
head bl gowy
heal \hil\ (v) = to become healthy
after an injury or illness wyleczy
si, zagoi si
hives \haIvz\ (pl n) = raised red bumps
on the skin, usually as an allergic
reaction to sth pokrzywka
(choroba)
hot and spicy (phr) = having a very
strong flavour ostro przyprawiony,
ostry i pikantny
lick \lIk\ (v) = to move my tongue
across the surface of sth liza
melt \melt\ (v) = to change from solid
to liquid when heated topnie,
topi si
migraine \"migreIn\ (n) = a severe
headache which affects one side of
the head and can cause distorted
vision and nausea migrena, ostry
bl gowy
mix \mIks\ (v) = to blend sth with sth
else wymiesza, poczy ze sob
munch \mntS\ (v) = to chew food
noisily chrupa; u, przeuwa
nausea \"nOzi\ (n) = a feeling of
sickness and vomiting mdoci,
nudnoci
neck \nek\ (n) = the part of the body
that connects the head to the
body szyja
nose \nUz\ (n) = the part of the body
on the face that we use to smell
with nos

oven \"vn\ (n) = a kitchen appliance

used for baking or roasting food
piekarnik
pain \peIn\ (n) = extreme discomfort
bl
painkiller \"peInkIl\ (n) = the
medicine that we take to relieve
ourselves of physical pain rodek
przeciwblowy
pass out \pAs "aUt\ (phr v) = to faint
zemdle, straci przytomno
peel \pil\ (v) = to remove the skin of
fruit and vegetables obiera ze
skrki
poach \pUtS\ (v) = to cook gently in
boiling water dusi (gotowa
w maej iloci wody lub mleka)
pour \pO\ (v) = to transfer a liquid
from one container to another
nala, wla
prescribe \prI"skraIb\ (v) = (of a doctor)
to say what medicine or treatment
sb should have zapisa lekarstwo,
wypisa recept
pull sbs leg (idm) = to tease sb or
fool them into believing sth that
isnt true, as a joke nabra kogo
put on \pUt "n\ (phr v) = to gain
(weight) przybra (na wadze)
rash \rS\ (n) = a dry red infected area
of the skin that is itchy wysypka
reaction \ri"kSn\ (n) = an action or
feeling caused by sth reakcja,
oddziaywanie
recover from \rI"kv frm\ (v) = to go
back to a normal physical or
mental state wyzdrowie
relieve \rI"liv\ (v) = to make sth
unpleasant less intense, or cause it
to disappear completely uly,
przynie ulg
rich (in sth) \rItS\ (adj) = (of a food)
containing a lot of sth bogaty w
ripe \raIp\ (adj) = (of fruit) ready to eat
dojrzay
rise \raIz\ (v) = to become higher
wzrosn
roast \rUst\ (v) = to cook food in an
oven piec (np. miso w
piekarniku)
rotten \"rtn\ (adj) = (of food)
decayed; so reduced in quality
that it cant be used zgniy,
zepsuty
salty \"sOlti\ (adj) = containing a lot of
salt sony
sip \sIp\ (v) = to drink in small
amounts popija, sczy maymi
ykami

snack \snk\ (v) = to eat a small

amount of food podjada,
zagryza
sour \saU\ (adj) = having a sharp,
unpleasant, acidic taste like
vinegar or lemon juice kwany
spread \spred\ (v) = to use a knife to
cover food with another, softer
food rozsmarowa
sprinkle \"sprINkl\ (v) = to add small
quantities of sth to sth else tu:
posypa, spryska
stew \stju\ (v) = to cook in liquid in a
closed dish dusi
stir \st\ (v) = to mix materials using a
spoon zamiesza
sweet \swit\ (adj) = containing a lot of
sugar sodki
take pleasure in sth (phr) = to enjoy
sth czerpa z czego przyjemno
temperature \"temprtS\ (n) = a
measure of how hot or cold sth is
temperatura
thicken \"TIkn\ (v) = (of a food
substance) to become denser
gstnie
throat \TrUt\ (n) = the front inside
part of the neck gardo
throw \TrU\ (v) = to move the hand
quickly and let the object that I am
holding go so that it flies through
the air rzuci
treat \trit\ (v) = to cure leczy
vision \"vIZn\ (n) = the ability to see
widzenie, wzrok
waist \weIst\ (n) = the part of the
body above the hips talia, wcicie
whisk \wIsk\ (v) = to mix sth using a
metal utensil (also called a whisk)
ubija (trzepaczk)

6d
crops \krps\ (pl n) = plants cultivated
in large amounts roliny uprawne
depressed \dI"prest\ (adj) = sad and
unable to enjoy anything
przygnbiony
gene \dZin\ (n) = a section of DNA
that codes for an inherited
characteristic, e.g. eye colour gen
intellectual property law (phr) = a
rule which states that sbs idea,
invention, creation, etc can be
protected by law from being
copied by sb else prawo
wasnoci intelektualnej
nutritionist \nju"trISnIst\ (n) =
a dietician dietetyk

193 (WL18)

Word List
overweight \Uv"weIt\ (adj) = having
excess weight majcy nadwag
pass down \pAs "daUn\ (phr v) = to
give sth to the next generation
przekaza (z pokolenia na
pokolenie)
potential \p"tenSl\ (n) = ability
potencja, moliwo
resist \rI"zIst\ (v) = to stop myself from
doing sth although I would like to
do it oprze si, powstrzyma od
czego
seed \sid\ (n) = a small round or oval
object produced by a plant from
which new plants can grow ziarno

Language Focus 6
alcohol \"lkhl\ (n) = a liquid which
can make us drunk, and is also
used in fuel and medicines alkohol
allergic \"ldZIk\ (adj) = experiencing
adverse effects when I inhale,
touch or eat a certain substance
uczulony
antibodies \"ntIbdiz\ (pl n) =
proteins produced in the blood
which fight diseases by attacking
and killing harmful bacteria
przeciwciaa
bacteria \bk"tIri\ (pl n) = small
living organisms that can often
cause a disease bakterie
balanced diet (phr) = a diet that
combines the proper kind and
amount of food needed to
maintain health and growth
zrwnowaona dieta
breathing difficulties (phr) = the
condition of having problems
moving air in and out of the lungs
trudnoci z oddychaniem
comfort food (phr) = food that sb
eats to make them feel better co
do zjedzenia na popraw nastroju
course \kOs\ (n) = each of the parts of
a meal (starter, main course,
dessert, etc) danie
crash diet (phr) = a way of losing
body weight quickly by eating
very little intensywna dieta
odchudzajca
dairy products (phr) = foods made
from milk, e.g. cheese, yoghurt,
etc produkty mleczne, nabia
digestive system (phr) = the set of
organs in our body that digest the
food we eat ukad trawienny

194 (WL19)

energy drink (phr) = a drink that

contains a lot of glucose to give
energy napj energetyczny
fast food (phr) = unhealthy food,
such as a burger, which is quick to
cook or is already cooked, and is
therefore served very quickly in a
restaurant fast food; jedzenie
serwowane
w barach szybkiej obsugi
fizzy drink (phr) = a drink made with
carbonated water napj gazowany
helping \"helpIN\ (n) = a quantity of food
enough for one person at a meal
porcja
hot dish (phr) = a dish that is served
hot gorce danie
illness \"Ilns\ (n) = the fact or
experience of being ill choroba
immune system (phr) = the organs
and processes in the body which
protect us from illness and
infection system odpornociowy
injury \"IndZri\ (n) = physical harm or
damage to the body uraz,
kontuzja
intolerant to \In"tlrnt t\ (adj) =
unable to digest a particular food
in a normal way without feeling ill
cierpicy na nietolerancj (na
produkty ywnociowe)
junk food (phr) = food with little to
no nutritional value niezdrowe
jedzenie o niskiej wartoci
odywczej
portion \"pOSn\ (n) = an amount of
food served in a restaurant porcja
respirator \"respIreIt\ (n) = apparatus
that helps sb breathe respirator,
aparat do oddychania
serving \"svIN\ (n) = an amount of
food enough for one person, as
shown in recipes porcja
sickness \"sIkns\ (n) = nausea; being
about to vomit wymioty, mdoci
side dish (phr) = a dish that
accompanies a main meal dodatek
do dania gwnego, przystawka
soft drink (phr) = a non-alcoholic
drink napj bezalkoholowy
sparkling water (phr) = fizzy/
carbonated water woda gazowana
still water (phr) = bottled water that
is not fizzy woda niegazowana
symptom \"sImptm\ (n) = a sign that I
have a particular illness symptom,
objaw

tap water (phr) = water from the tap

that we can drink woda z kranu
traditional dish (phr) = a dish that
has been eaten in a certain
place/way for a long time
tradycyjna potrawa
vast \vAst\ (adj) = extremely large
ogromny, niezmierny
vegetarian diet (phr) = a diet that
does not include meat dieta
wegetariaska

Module 7

Civilisations &
Science

ancient \"eInSnt\ (adj) = very old

staroytny
associated with \"sUSieItId wID\ (pp)
= one thing connected with
another in sbs mind kojarzony z
disappearance \dIs"pIrns\ (n) = the
fact that sth goes missing
zniknicie
evidence \"evIdns\ (n) = proof dowd,
wiadectwo
extraterrestrial \ekstrt"restril\ (adj)
= originating from another planet
pozaziemski
hit headlines (phr) = (of a piece of
news) to be front-page news trafi
na czowki gazet
occurrence \"krns\ (n) = an event
zdarzenie, zjawisko
ocean floor (phr) = the bottom of the
sea dno oceanu
press release (phr) = a public
statement given to newspapers to
publish komunikat prasowy
sink \sINk\ (v) = to fall beneath the
water zaton
supernatural \sup"ntSrl\ (adj) =
not explained by science
nadprzyrodzony

7a
accomplish \"kmplIS\ (v) = to
succeed in doing sth zrealizowa,
ukoczy
accuracy \"kjUrsi\ (n) = the state of
being exact and correct
dokadno
acre \"eIk\ (n) = a unit of land equal
to 4,047 square metres akr
(jednostka powierzchni = ok. 4
tys. metrw kw.)
aliens \"eIlinz\ (pl n) = creatures from
another planet kosmici, obcy,
istoty z innej planety

Word List
amplify \"mplIfaI\ (v) = to make sth
louder/stronger wzmacnia,
powiksza
astronomical calendar (phr) = a table
showing the days, weeks and
months of the year related to the
stars kalendarz
astronomiczny/gwiezdny
awe \O\ (n) = wonder podziw,
nabona cze
be confronted \bi kn"frntId\ (v) = to
face or meet sth zetkn si
burial ground (phr) = a graveyard
cmentarz
clearly visible (phr) = easily seen
wyranie widoczny
coastline \"kUstlaIn\ (n) = the part of
the land that is next to the sea
linia brzegowa; wybrzee
construct \kn"strkt\ (v) = to build
skonstruowa, zbudowa
decompose \dikm"pUz\ (v) = to rot
rozkada si
defy explanation (phr) = to be
impossible to explain nie
poddawa si wyjanieniom
depict constellations (phr) = (of
pictures, etc) to show an
arrangement of stars in the sky
przedstawia gwiazdozbiory
encode \In"kud\ (v) = to work coded
information into sth zakodowa,
zaszyfrowa
energy field (phr) = an area around
sth which contains some
mysterious power pole
energetyczne
exceed \Ik"sid\ (v) = to be more than
a number/limit przekracza
faraway \fAr"weI\ (adj) = being at
a great distance from a certain
point daleki, odlegy
feat \fit\ (n) = sth difficult which
requires skills to achieve wyczyn,
dokonanie
gather \"gD\ (v) = to collect and put
together zbiera, gromadzi
giant stone monoliths (phr) = very
large statues made of rock
gigantyczne kamienne posgi
guard \gAd\ (v) = to protect sth peni
stra, chroni
healing site (phr) = a place said to
have powers to heal wounds and
cure diseases miejsce znane
z uzdrowie
in disbelief \In dIsbI"lif\ (prep phr) =
without believing sth to be true
z niedowierzaniem

intriguing site (phr) = a fascinating

place intrygujce miejsce
isolated \"aIsleItId\ (adj) = far away
from other people; secluded
odludny, odosobniony
landing strip (phr) = a piece of
asphalt used for landing planes
pas do ldowania, ldowisko
massive \"msIv\ (adj) = very big
masywny, ogromny
perfectly aligned (phr) = accurately
lined up with sth ustawiony
idealnie (wzgldem czego)
provoke feelings (phr) = to make sb
have certain feelings wywoywa
uczucia
puzzle \"pzl\ (v) = to confuse sb
stanowi zagadk, dawa do
mylenia
raise questions (phr) = to bring up
questions rodzi pytania
razor blade \"reIz bleId\ (n) = a sharp
tool used for shaving yletka
religious significance (phr) = being
important to a particular religion
znaczenie religijne
set eyes on (phr) = to see sth for the
first time zobaczy/ujrze co
shake my head (phr) = to move my
head from side to side potrzsn
gow
sheer \SI\ (adj) = and only this sam,
sama
shrouded in \"SraudId In\ (pp) = hidden
by being covered with sth
spowity, otulony (czym)
sth lives up to my expectations (phr)
= sth is as good as I expected it to
be (co) spenia oczekiwania
sth makes my jaw drop (idm) = sth
makes me feel surprised, therefore
I open my mouth wide (co)
powoduje, e szczka opada
speechless \"spitSls\ (adj) = unable to
speak because of surprise, shock or
amazement oniemiay, niemy
stand in the presence of (phr) = to
be in the same place as sb/sth sta
w czyjej obecnoci
summit \"smIt\ (n) = the top of sth
(usually a mountain) szczyt,
wierzchoek
surreal \s"rIl\ (adj) = seeming
dreamlike and unreal
surrealistyczny
taunt \tOnt\ (v) = to tease sb; to cause
a reaction dokucza, szydzi
wonder \"wnd\ (n) = amazement
zdumienie, zdziwienie

workmanship \"wkmnSIp\ (n) = the

skill with which sth was made
wykonawstwo, fachowo

7b
a cock and bull story (idm) = a
made-up story; an outcome of
imagination bajeczka, zmylona
historia
abduction \b"dkSn\ (n) = a
kidnapping porwanie,
uprowadzenie
be in the dark (idm) = to not know
the truth about sth nie mie
o czym pojcia
calm down \kAm "daUn\ (phr v) = to
become relaxed and quiet
uspokoi si
carving \"kAvIN\ (n) = a shape or
pattern cut into stone, wood,
glass, etc rzeba
come across \km "krs\ (phr v) = to
find by chance natkn si
przypadkiem, natrafi (na co)
complicated \"kmplIkeItId\ (adj) = (of
a work of art) consisting of many
fine details skomplikowany,
zoony
concrete evidence (phr) = definite
proof definitywny/ostateczny
dowd
conquer \"kNk\ (v) = to defeat sb
with an army podbija, pokona
constellation \knst"leISn\ (n) = an
arrangement of stars in the sky
konstelacja, gwiazdozbir
cover up \kvr "p\ (phr v) = to not
reveal zakry, zatuszowa
decline \dI"klaIn\ (v) = to grow smaller
or worse pogorszy si; chyli si
ku upadkowi, traci na znaczeniu
emit \I"mIt\ (v) = to give off emitowa
encounter \In"kaUnt\ (v) = an
unexpected meeting spotkanie,
kontakt
expand \Ik"spnd\ (v) = to become
bigger zwiksza si, rozszerza
si
exploration \ekspl"reISn\ (n) = the
act of investigating a place
badanie, eksploracja
extend \Ik"stend\ (v) = to cover a
particular area rozciga si
fake \feIk\ (adj) = not real
nieprawdziwy, faszywy
flourish \"flrIS\ (v) = to grow well
kwitn, dobrze prosperowa

195 (WL20)

Word List
gravity \"grvIti\ (n) = a natural force
that attracts objects to each other
and makes things fall to the
ground grawitacja
hide sth behind closed doors (idm)
= to not reveal sth to the public
ukrywa co przed opini
publiczn
land \lnd\ (v) = to come down to the
ground wyldowa
launch \lOntS\ (v) = to send a
spacecraft into the sky wystrzeli
light year \"laIt jI\ (n) = the distance
that light can travel in a year rok
wietlny
mysterious powers (phr) = abilities or
qualities that cannot be explained
tajemne moce
orbit \"ObIt\ (v) = to travel around a
planet kry, okra
pass out \pAs "aUt\ (phr v) = to lose
consciousness zemdle, straci
przytomno
put forward \pUt "fOwd\ (phr v) = to
suggest (a new theory)
przedstawi, zaproponowa
remote \rI"mUt\ (adj) = far away from
anything daleki, odlegy
rotate \rU"teIt\ (v) = to revolve
obraca si
shooting star \"SutIN stA\ (n) = a star
that moves quickly across the sky
spadajca gwiazda
sighting \"saItIN\ (n) = an instance
where sth strange is seen
pojawienie si, zaobserwowanie
solar system \"sUl sIstm\ (n) = a sun
and the planets around it Ukad
Soneczny
space shuttle \"speIs Stl\ (n) =
a human spacecraft prom
kosmiczny, wahadowiec
temple \"templ\ (n) = a place of
worship witynia
the truth will come out (idm) = the
truth will be made known prawda
wyjdzie na jaw
unlock \n"lk\ (v) = to reveal sth; to
explain sth ujawnia, odsania
unsolved \n"slvd\ (adj) = (of
a mystery) without answers
niewyjaniony, nierozwikany
worship \"wSIp\ (v) = to idolise or
praise sth/sb czci, wyznawa

7d
alien encounter (phr) = a meeting
with creatures from other planets
kontakt z przedstawicielami
cywilizacji pozaziemskiej

196 (WL21)

debris \"debri\ (n) = broken pieces of

sth that has been destroyed
szcztki
distant galaxies (phr) = collections of
stars and planets that are far away
odlege galaktyki
dome-shaped ceiling (phr) = the
inside surface of a room when we
look up that is rounded sufit
w ksztacie kopuy
experimental \IksperI"mentl\ (adj) =
relating to sth that has not been
tried or tested yet
eksperymentalny, dowiadczalny
in depth \In "depT\ (prep phr) = in
great detail dogbnie,
szczegowo
literate \"lItrt\ (adj) = able to read
and write pimienny, umiejcy
czyta i pisa
planetarium \plnI"terim\ (n) = a
place where moving images of the
sky at night are shown
planetarium
simultaneously \sIml"teInIsli\ (adv) =
at the same time rwnoczenie,
jednoczenie
soar \sO\ (v) = to fly high above
wzlecie, poszybowa do gry
speculation \spekjU"leISn\ (n) =
guessing the answers to a question
that I dont have all the answers
for spekulacja
wonders of the universe (phr) = the
amazing things in space cuda
wszechwiata
wreckage \"rekIdZ\ (n) = the remains of
a vehicle after an accident wrak

Language Focus 7
design \dI"zaIn\ (n) = a drawing or
plan of sth projekt, rysunek
invent \In"vent\ (n) = to think of and
make sth new wynale
pattern \"ptn\ (n) = an organised
arrangement of shapes and lines
wzr, wzorzec
peak \pik\ (n) = the highest level of
sth szczyt
point \pOInt\ (n) = a specific place
miejsce, punkt
recover \rI"kv\ (v) = to get back sth
lost odzyska
sign \saIn\ (n) = a mark or shape that
has a particular meaning znak
top \tp\ (n) = the highest part of sth
gra, wierzchoek
uncover \n"kv\ (n) = to reveal
odkry, odsoni, rozwika

Module 8

Education

nursery school \"nsri skul\ (n) = a

school for children between 3 and
5 years old przedszkole
primary school \"praImri skul\ (n) = a
school for young children, usually
aged 5 to 11 szkoa podstawowa
secondary school \"sekndri skul\ (n)
= the school that we attend
between the ages of 11 and 18
szkoa rednia
sixth form college \"sIksT fOm klIdZ\
(n) = (in Britain) a school
providing education for students
aged 16-18 (w Wlk. Brytanii)
szkoa rednia dla uczniw w
wieku 16-18 lat
state school \"steIt skul\ (n) = a school
run by the government that
provides free education szkoa
pastwowa

8a
accessible \k"sesIbl\ (adj) = easily
reached dostpny
critical thinking (phr) = developing
our own ideas by considering a
situation carefully mylenie
krytyczne
curriculum \k"rIkjUlm\ (n) = the
subjects that are taught in a school
program nauczania
dedicate to \"dedIkeIt t\ (v) = to
devote to powici
environmental conservation (phr) =
protection of animals, plants and
natural resources ochrona
rodowiska naturalnego
expand /Iks"pnd/ (v) = to increase in
size, number, amount or
importance zwikszy, rozszerzy
former \"fOm\ (adj) = having
previously been in another state
poprzedni, byy, wczeniejszy
founder /"faUnd/ (n) = sb who
established an institution or an
organisation zaoyciel
freshman /"freSmn/ (n) = (in the US )
a student in the first year at a high
school or university nowy
student/ucze; pierwszoroczniak
fulfil \fUl"fIl\ (v) = to achieve a goal
speni, zrealizowa
gateway /"geItweI/ (n) = the place that
we go through to get access to a
certain area wejcie, brama
wjazdowa
get a glimpse of sth (phr) = to see a
small part of sth; to see sth briefly
ujrze co przelotnie

Word List
greenhouse \"grinhaUs\ (n) = a glass
structure used for growing and
protecting plants and vegetables
szklarnia, cieplarnia
handle \"hndl\ (v) = to control (a
vehicle) kontrolowa, obsugiwa,
radzi sobie
hands-on learning (phr) = acquiring
knowledge by actually doing sth
instead of just observing nauka
poprzez praktyczne dziaanie
laboratory \l"brtri\ (n) = a room or
building used for scientific
research, experiments and
teaching laboratorium
low income (phr) = having little
money to live on niskie dochody
marine science \m"rin saIns\ (n) =
the study of sea life nauki o morzu
maritime culture \mrItaIm "kltS\ (n)
= the traditions and technological
advances related to the sea kultura
morska
measure \"meZ\ (v) = to use a device
to discover the proportions, size or
amount of sth mierzy
motivated \"mUtIveItId\ (adj) =
determined to achieve sth
zmotywowany, zdeterminowany
navigate \"nvIgeIt\ (v) = to find my
way at sea by using a map
nawigowa, kierowa (np.
statkiem)
occupy \"kjUpaI\ (v) = to take up
space in an area zajmowa
oyster \"OIst\ (n) = a type of shellfish
ostryga
peers \pIz\ (pl n) = the people of the
same age, profession or social
group rwienicy
public high school (phr) = (in the
USA) a free school paid for by the
government for children between
the ages of 14 and 18 (w USA)
szkoa rednia dla uczniw
w wieku 14-18 lat
ratio /"reISiU/ (n) = the relationship
between two numbers or amounts
stosunek, proporcja
regatta /rI"gt/ (n) = an event made
up of a series of boat races regaty
renovated \"renveItId\ (adj) = changed
or repaired to return to good
condition odnowiony, po
remoncie
resounding /rI"zaUndIN/ (adj) =
impressive; great gony, donony,
odbijajcy si szerokim echem
rowing \"rUIN\ (n) = the sport of
moving a boat through the water
using oars wiolarstwo

stimulate \"stImjUleIt\ (v) = to make sb

feel interested or enthusiastic
about sth stymulowa, pobudza
syllabus \"sIlbs\ (n) = the topics
covered in a course of study
program przedmiotu szkolnego
tend to \"tend t\ (v) = to look after
zajmowa si, opiekowa si
thrive /TraIv/ (v) = to grow and
develop well; to flourish piknie
rosn, rozwija si
tilapia fish /tI"lpi fIS/ (n) = a
common name for around a
hundred species of fish, originally
from Africa tilapia (gatunek ryby)
train /treIn/ (v) = to practise a sport in
order to compete trenowa
vibrant \"vaIbrnt\ (adj) = exciting;
active dynamiczny, ttnicy
yciem

8b
accredit /"kredIt/ (v) = to officially
declare that sth is of an acceptable
standard uznawa, udziela
penomocnictwa
acquire skills (phr) = to learn new
abilities zdoby, przyswoi (nowe
umiejtnoci)
admit to /d"mIt t/ (v) = to agree that
sth is true przyzna si do
(czego)
arrange /"reIndZ/ (v) = to organise for
sth to take place at a certain time
and place ustali, zorganizowa,
zaaranowa
attend lessons (phr) = to go to
classes uczszcza na
lekcje/zajcia
boarding school /"bOdIN skul/ (n) = a
school where children can live and
study during the academic year
szkoa z internatem
certificate /s"tIfIkt/ (n) = an official
document that we receive when
we have completed a course of
study or training wiadectwo,
zawiadczenie, certyfikat
cheat in /"tSit In/ (v) = to act in a
dishonest way to gain sth,
especially in an exam or a game
oszukiwa podczas (np. gry)
comprehensive school /kmprI"hensIv
skul/ (n) = a secondary school for
boys and girls of all abilities aged
over 11 szkoa rednia
przyjmujca wszystkich uczniw
bez wzgldu na zdolnoci
compulsory subject (phr) = a subject
which we must study przedmiot
obowizkowy

conductor /kn"dkt/ (n) = sb who

directs a choir or an orchestra
dyrygent
deadline /"dedlaIn/ (n) = the time by
which sth must be done
ostateczny termin (zrobienia
czego)
degree /dI"gri/ (n) = a qualification
given for successfully completing a
university course stopie, tytu
(np. magistra)
diploma /dI"plUm/ (n) = a document
showing that we have completed a
course of study and practical
training dyplom, wiadectwo
distance learning (phr) = a system of
education in which people study
at home with the help of the
Internet, and email their work to
teachers edukacja na odlego
dress rehearsal /"dres rIhsl/ (n) =
the final practice of a play with the
costumes, lights, etc as they will
be used in the performance prba
generalna
drop out /drp "aUt/ (phr v) = to leave
school, college or university
without finishing my studies
porzuci, wycofa si, wylecie
(ze szkoy)
enrol on a course (phr) = to sign up
for a series of lessons zapisa si
na kurs
expel /Ik"spel/ (v) = to force sb to
leave school because of sth wrong
they have done wyrzuci, wydali
(np. ze szkoy)
fail /feIl/ (v) = not to pass an exam
nie zaliczy, nie zda
focus on /"fUks n/ (v) = to
concentrate on sth skupi si na,
skoncentrowa
grade /greId/ (n) = a number or letter
given for school work or in an
exam, which shows how well sb
has done ocena
graduate /"grdZueIt/ (v) = to
successfully complete my
education at university or college
skoczy studia
hand in /hnd "In/ (phr v) = to give sb
a piece of work or an official
document wrczy, dostarczy
headmaster /hed"mAst/ (n) = (in
Britain) the head male teacher at a
school (w Wlk. Brytanii) dyrektor
szkoy
intensive course (phr) = a course
which involves a lot of work in a
short period of time intensywny
kurs

197 (WL22)

Word List
learn poems by heart (phr) = to
remember pieces of writing, which
usually rhyme, using only my
memory uczy si wierszy na
pami
lecture /"lektS/ (n) = a formal talk
given in order to teach people
about a particular subject wykad
major in /"meIdZr In/ (v) = (in the
USA) to specialise in specjalizowa
si w (danym przedmiocie)
mark /mAk/ (n) = (in Britain) a grade
for academic work stopie
participate in /pA"tIsIpeIt In/ (v) = to
take part in uczestniczy w
prejudice /"predZUdIs/ (n) = an
unreasonable opinion about sth,
which is not based on facts or
experience uprzedzenie
pupil /"pjupl/ (n) = a child who is
being taught in a school ucze (w
szkole podstawowej)
qualification /kwlIfI"keISn/ (n) = sth
which is awarded when we
successfully finish a course or pass
an exam kwalifikacje
recognise /"rekgnaIz/ (v) = to know
sb/sth because I have seen them
before rozpozna
run across /"rn krs/ (phr v) = to
meet sb that I know unexpectedly
wpa przypadkiem na kogo,
spotka
run away /rn "weI/ (phr v) = to leave
suddenly wybiec, uciec
run into /"rn Int/ (phr v) = (of a
vehicle) to crash into sth wjecha
w/na
run out of /rn "aUt v/ (phr v) = to
have no more of sth left (o czym)
skoczy si, wyczerpa
single-sex school /sINgl seks "skul/
(n) = a school where either girls or
boys are taught szkoa wycznie
mska lub wycznie eska
specialise in /"speSlaIz In/ (v) = to
focus on a particular subject robi
specjalizacj z (czego)
specialist school /"speSlISt skul/ (n) =
a school which focuses on a
particular area of education, such
as music or sports szkoa
specjalistyczna
student /"stjudnt/ (n) = sb who is
studying at a university or college
student (w szkole redniej i/lub
na studiach)
term /tm/ (n) = each of the three
periods of time that a school or
university year is divided into
trymestr

198

tutor /"tjut/ (n) = a teacher at a

university or college opiekun
naukowy, promotor, nauczyciel
akademicki
vocational school /vU"keISnl skul/
(n) = a school which provides
training and teaches skills for
particular professions szkoa
zawodowa

8d
abroad /"brOd/ (adv) = in a foreign
country za granic
adhere to /d"hI t/ (v) = to follow a
set of rules przestrzega,
stosowa si do
balance /"blns/ (v) = to keep two
different things in the correct
proportions rwnoway,
bilansowa
be on cloud nine (idm) = to be very
happy nie posiada si ze
szczcia, by w sidmym niebie
burden /"bdn/ (n) = a duty or
responsibility that causes worry or
difficulty brzemi, ciar
clique /klik/ (n) = a group of people
who spend a lot of time together
and are unfriendly to people who
are not in their group klika,
grupka
conduct /"kndkt/ (n) = behaviour
zachowanie
culture shock (phr) = the confusion
that sb feels when they go to a
foreign country szok kulturowy
discipline /"dIsIplIn/ (n) = a code of
behaviour controlled by rules and
punishments dyscyplina
dress code (phr) = rules about what
clothes sb has to wear zasady
ubioru (w danej szkole lub firmie)
equal footing (phr) = having the
same opportunities na rwnej
stopie, na tych samych zasadach
exceed /Ik"sid/ (v) = to be more than
a particular amount przewysza,
przekracza (jak wielko)
expectation /ekspe"kteISn/ (n) = a
hope that sth good will happen
oczekiwanie, nadzieja
fall short of sth (phr) = to not reach
the expected standard nie speni
(oczekiwa), nie dorosn do
(czego)
grant /grAnt/ (n) = money given to sb
by the government to pay for their
education grant, stypendium
impose /Im"pUz/ (v) = to force sb to
accept sth narzuca, wprowadza

infringement /``In"frIndZmnt/ (n) =

violation naruszenie, pogwacenie
mature /m"tSU/ (v) = to develop
emotionally and behave sensibly
dojrzewa, dorasta
motivate /"mUtIveIt/ (v) = to make sb
want to do sth; to encourage
motywowa, zachca
practical /"prktIkl/ (adj) = useful
praktyczny
promote /pr"mUt/ (v) = to encourage
promowa, szerzy
recommend /rek"mend/ (v) = to
suggest sb for a particular job
rekomendowa, zaleca
reverse /rI"vs/ (adj) = opposite to
what is usual or expected
odwrotny
settle /"setl/ (v) = to get used to living
in a new place osi, osiedli si
stifle /"staIfl/ (v) = to prevent sth
from developing dawi, tumi,
pohamowywa
undergraduate degree (phr) = an
academic qualification given by a
university to sb who does not
already have a degree stopie
licencjata
valid /"vlId/ (adj) = logical or true;
acceptable prawidowy, wany,
sensowny

8e
commute /k"mjut/ (v) = to travel to
and from work every day
dojeda (do pracy)
constructive /kn"strktIv/ (adj) =
creative and useful konstruktywny,
twrczy
diverse /daI"vs/ (adj) = of a large
variety rnorodny
merit /"merIt/ (n) = a good feature or
quality warto, zaleta
social interaction (phr) =
communicating with people and
reacting to them kontakty
midzyludzkie

Language Focus 8
advantage /d"vAntIdZ/ (n) = a positive
point; a benefit zaleta; przewaga,
korzy
asset /"set/ (n) = a person or thing
that is useful or valuable to sb/sth
atut, zaleta
credentials /krI"denSlz/ (pl n) =
achievements and experiences
which make sb suitable for a
specific job kwalifikacje,
referencje

Word List
detention /dI"tenSn/ (n) = a
punishment where a pupil is made
to stay at school after the other
children have gone home kara
zatrzymania po lekcjach
distinction /dI"stINkSn/ (n) = having
the qualities which make sb
excellent wyrnienie
exercise /"ekssaIz/ (v) = to do
physical activity wiczy
hold a competition (phr) = to
organise an event zorganizowa
konkurs
in favour of (phr) = approving of or
agreeing with sth za czym, na
korzy, na rzecz
keep /kip/ (v) = to make sb stay in a
certain place przetrzymywa
lieutenant /lu"tenant/ (n) = a military
rank porucznik
maintain /meIn"teIn/ (v) = to cause a
situation to continue utrzyma,
podtrzyma
opportunity /p"tjunIti/ (n) = a
chance sposobno, okazja
possibility /psI"bIlIti/ (n) = likelihood;
probability moliwo
practise /"prktIs/ (v) = to do sth
repeatedly in order to improve
trenowa, wiczy
quality /"kwlIti/ (n) = a high standard
jako
rank /rNk/ (n) = the position that sb
has in the army, navy, police, etc
stopie (w wojsku), ranga
rebuild /ri"bIld/ (v) = to build sth
again after it has been destroyed
odbudowa
refresh /rI"freS/ (v) = to renew
odwiey, odnowi
renovate /"renveIt/ (v) = to repair and
paint an old building so that it
looks in good condition again
odnawia, remontowa
restore /rI"stO/ (v) = to bring back sth
to its former condition przywraca
stage /steIdZ/ (v) = to organise and
present a play, a concert, etc
wystawia (sztuk, spektakl)

Bachelor of Science (phr) = a first

degree in a science subject
licencjat w zakresie nauk cisych
background \"bkgraUnd\ (n) = a
person's upbringing, culture,
education and experience
pochodzenie spoeczne,
rodowisko
cab \kb\ (n) = a taxi takswka
display \dI"spleI\ (v) = to exhibit
wystawia, pokazywa
dispose of \dIs"pUz v\ (v) = to throw
away sth that I dont need or want
pozby si (czego), wyrzuci
(co)
ensure \In"SU\ (v) = to make sure that
sth happens upewni si,
zagwarantowa
establish \I"stblIS\ (v) = to create or
introduce sth stworzy, zaoy
knowledgeable \"nlIdZbl\ (adj) =
having a clear understanding
about a particular subject znajcy
si na rzeczy
laboratory equipment (phr) = tools
and apparatus found in a lab
sprzt laboratoryjny
on average \n "vrIdZ\ (prep phr) =
how many times sth generally
happens przecitnie, rednio
operate \"preIt\ (v) = to function
funkcjonowa, dziaa
proficient in \pr"fISnt In\ (adj) =
skilled and experienced in sth
biegy w
qualification \kwlIfI"keISn\ (n) = a
particular skill in or knowledge of a
subject kwalifikacja
recent \"risnt\ (adj) = having
happened a very short time ago
najnowszy, niedawny
sample \"sAmpl\ (n) = a part of a
whole used to show what the rest
is like prbka
utensil \ju"tensl\ (n) = a tool or object
used in a kitchen or laboratory
narzdzie, przyrzd

CLIL/Culture 1

CLIL/Culture 2

accurate \"kjUrt\ (adj) = correct and

detailed trafny, poprawny
attain \"teIn\ (v) = to gain; to achieve
osign
attempt \"tempt\ (v) = to make an
effort to do sth usiowa,
prbowa

aware \"we\ (adj) = knowing about

sth wiadomy
contribute to \kn"trIbjut t\ (v) = to
give sth towards sth else
przyczyni si do czego
declare sth open (phr) = to officially
announce that sth is open ogosi
otwarcie czego

economic benefits (phr) =

advantages measured in financial
terms korzyci ekonomiczne
generate \"dZenreIt\ (v) = to create; to
produce wywoa, wytworzy
harmful to \"hAmfl t\ (adj) = able to
cause harm/damage to sth
szkodliwe dla
host \hUst\ (n) = sb who has guests
gospodarz
imported products (phr) = goods
that are brought into a country
from another country to be sold
produkty importowane
landowner \"lndUn\ (n) = sb who
owns a piece of land posiadacz
ziemski
local customs (phr) = traditions and
common practices in a particular
place miejscowe zwyczaje
local produce (phr) = fruit and
vegetables that are grown in
a place and eaten by the people
there produkty lokalne/miejscowe
locally-owned \lUkli "Und\ (adj) =
owned by the people who live in
a place w posiadaniu miejscowej
ludnoci
on average \n "vrIdZ\ (prep phr) =
how much time sth usually takes
rednio, przecitnie
preserve \prI"zv\ (v) = to keep sth in
its current state zachowa,
chroni
recycle \ri"saIkl\ (v) = to collect and
process things like cans, glass or
paper, so that they can be used
again recyklingowa
reduce \rI"djus\ (v) = to make sth
become smaller or less in price,
number, etc zmniejszy,
zredukowa
respect \rI"spekt\ (v) = to care about
sbs wishes, beliefs and rights
szanowa
reuse \ri"juz\ (v) = to use sth more
than once uy ponownie
ridge \rIdZ\ (n) = a long narrow piece
of raised land at the top of a
mountain grzbiet grski, gra
route \rut\ (n) = a way from one place
to another trasa
rugged beauty (phr) = (of
countryside) rough and wild
natural beauty surowe pikno
scarce \skes\ (adj) = very little
ograniczony, rzadki,
niewystarczajcy

199

Word List
scenic glen (phr) = a naturally
beautiful narrow valley (in
Scotland) pikna dolina grska (w
Szkocji)
sparsely-populated \spAsli "ppjUleItId\
(adj) = having very few inhabitants
sabo zaludniony
support \s"pOt\ (v) = to help a
business to prosper by doing our
shopping there or using the
facilities wspiera
surrounded by \s"raUndId baI\ (pp) =
having a lot of sth all around
otoczony (czym)
tour operator \"tUr preIt\ (n) = a
company that provides holidays in
which travel and accommodation
are booked for you organizator
wycieczek, biuro podry
uninterrupted \nInt"rptId\ (adj) =
with nothing blocking the
continuation of sth bez przerw,
bez zakce
usage \"jusIdZ\ (n) = the amount of sth
that is used zuycie

CLIL/Culture 3
active geyser (phr) = a hot water
spout from under the ground
which erupts from time to time
czynny gejzer
boiling point (phr) = the temperature
at which sth starts to boil
temperatura wrzenia
canyon \"knjn\ (n) = a large valley
with very steep sides kanion
channel \"tSnl\ (n) = a passage cut
into the surface or under the
ground, along which water flows
kana
crevice \"krevIs\ (n) = a crack or
opening in a rock szczelina, rysa
date back \deIt "bk\ (phr v) = to have
started or have been made at a
particular time in the past
pochodzi z (jakiego okresu)
diminish \dI"mInIS\ (v) = to decrease
zmniejsza si, male
erupt \I"rpt\ (v) = (of a volcano/
geyser) to have material exploring
dramatically from inside
wybuchn (o wulkanie)
establish \I"stblIS\ (v) = to introduce a
new quality zaoy, otworzy
extend \Ik"stend\ (v) = to continue over
a particular distance or area
rozciga si

200

formation \fO"meISn\ (n) = the act of

sth being created tworzenie si,
formowanie
geothermal energy (phr) = the
power from the heat inside the
Earth energia geotermalna
heat \hit\ (n) = the quality of being
hot gorco, wysoka temperatura
heat source (phr) = sth that produces
high temperatures rdo ciepa
highly-pressurised \haIli "preSraIzd\
(adj) = under a lot of pressure pod
wysokim cinieniem
hot springs (phr) = the flow of hot
water from deep in the Earth
gorce rda
hunting ground (phr) = an area of
land that is used by a group of
native people for hunting animals
teren owiecki
increase \In"kris\ (v) = to become
greater in number, level or amount
zwiksza si, rosn
key component (phr) = a main part
of sth bigger kluczowy
komponent/skadnik/element
magma \"mgm\ (n) = molten rock
magma
near \nI\ (v) = to get close to zbliy
si do
occur \"k\ (v) = to happen zdarzy
si
pathway \"pATweI\ (n) = a route/way
in which sb/sth can travel along
cieka
plumbing system (phr) = a series of
pipes that allow water to move
from one place to another sie
wodno-kanalizacyjna
release \rI"lis\ (v) = to set free
uwolni, wypuci
remain \rI"meIn\ (v) = to continue to
be pozosta
renowned for \rI"naUnd f\ (adj) =
well-known for sth znany z
rock \rk\ (n) = the hard substance
that forms the surface of the Earth
skaa
settle \"setl\ (v) = to start living
somewhere permanently osi,
osiedli si
squeeze \skwiz\ (v) = to make sth
pass through a very small space
przecisn si
supercharged \"suptSAdZd\ (adj) = full
of lots of energy przesycony
energi

supply \s"plaI\ (n) = the amount

available for use zasb
surface \"sfIs\ (n) = the exterior; the
top part of sth powierzchnia
surrounding \s"raUndIN\ (adj) =
around a place otaczajcy
tribe \traIb\ (n) = a group of people of
the same race, language and
customs plemi
underground /nd"graUnd/ (adv) =
beneath the surface of the Earth
pod ziemi
water mass (phr) = an amount of water
masa wody
water pressure (phr) = the force at
which water comes out of the
ground or a tap cinienie wody

CLIL/Culture 4
acceptable \k"septbl\ (adj) =
approved of do przyjcia,
akceptowalny
aggravate \"grveIt\ (v) = to make
worse pogorszy, utrudni
aggression \"greSn\ (n) = hostility
agresja
approach \"prUtS\ (n) = a way of
doing sth podejcie
bullying \"bUliIN\ (n) = the act of using
my strength or power to hurt or
frighten weaker people (usually at
school) tyranizowanie, zncanie
si, wymuszanie
bystander \"baIstnd\ (n) = a person
who is standing near a place
where sth is happening without
participating; an onlooker
obserwator przypadkowy,
przechodzie
curriculum \k"rIkjUlm\ (n) = a group
of subjects studied in a school or
college program nauczania
deal effectively with sth (phr) = to
handle a situation well skutecznie
sobie z czym poradzi
defuse the situation (phr) = to
remove the tension from a
situation rozadowa sytuacj
develop relationships (phr) = to form
friendly/social connections with
people nawizywa stosunki
effective way (phr) = the best way
that achieves the goal skuteczny
sposb
emotional well-being (phr) = good
mental health zdrowie
emocjonalne

Word List
employment opportunity (phr) = a
chance of a job szansa na
znalezienie pracy
engage sb in sth (phr) = to involve sb
in a converstation or activity
wcign kogo w co
get off \get "f\ (phr v) = to leave a
place opuci, wyjecha z
goal \gUl\ (n) = an ambition; a target
cel, ambicja
intervene \Int"vin\ (v) = to
intentionally become involved in a
difficult situation in order to
improve it or prevent it from
getting worse interweniowa
isolated /"aIsleItId/ (pp) = feeling
alone odizolowany, osamotniony
job training (phr) = the chance to
train for a certain type of work
szkolenie zawodowe
pavement \"peIvmnt\ (n) = a long
strip covered with flat stones at
the side of a road chodnik
peer support (phr) = help and advice
from people of our own age
wsparcie grupy rwieniczej
premises \"premIsIz\ (pl n) = all the
buildings and land that a business
occupies in one place teren, obiekt
proactive strategy (phr) = a plan to
take positive action before a
problem arises strategie
profilaktyczne, zapobiegawcze
reactive strategy (phr) = a plan to
take action once a problem has
arisen strategia reaktywna
(w odpowiedzi na negatywne
zjawisko)
rejected /rI"dZektId/ (pp) = not
accepted by our peers odrzucony
rent \rent\ (v) = to regularly pay a sum
of money to use sth that does not
belong to me, usually for
accommodation wynajmowa
school community (phr) = all the
students and teachers at a school
spoeczno szkolna
self-esteem \self Is"tim\ (n) = selfconfidence; self-respect poczucie
wasnej wartoci
social worker (phr) = sb who works
with members of the public to
improve their social/living
conditions pracownik socjalny
source of income (phr) = a way of
earning money rdo dochodu

support group (phr) = a group of

people who meet to discuss a
specific problem and offer advice
and support grupa wsparcia
sweep \swip\ (v) = to clean with a
broom zamie
tackle \"tkl\ (v) = to deal with
upora si, stawia czoo
utilise \"jutIlaIz\ (v) = to use uywa

CLIL/Culture 5
academic life (phr) = a career in the
field of education kariera na
uczelni
application \plI"keISn\ (n) = the act
of putting a substance onto a
surface zastosowanie, naoenie
(np. farby)
art enthusiast (phr) = sb who really
likes art entuzjasta sztuki
art movement (phr) = a particular
style of art kierunek w sztuce
blend \blend\ (v) = to mix zmiesza,
wymiesza
brush stroke (phr) = a mark left on a
painting by a brush with paint on it
pocignicie pdzla
categorise \"ktIgraIz\ (v) = to put
things into groups according to
certain criteria kategoryzowa
coin \kOIn\ (v) = to invent a word
uku, wymyli (wyraz, zwrot)
commonly referred to as (phr) =
usually called powszechnie
nazywany
connotation \kn"teISn\ (n) = an
implication konotacja, skojarzenie
construct \kn"strkt\ (v) = to build; to
create budowa
decipher \dI"saIf\ (v) = to work out
what sth says or shows
odszyfrowa, odczyta
define \dI"faIn\ (v) = to explain the
meaning okreli, zdefiniowa
derive from \dI"raIv frm\ (v) = to
come from wywodzi si,
pochodzi od
distinctive \dI"stINktIv\ (adj) =
characteristic; easily recognisable
charakterystyczny, wyrniajcy
si
distort /dI"stOt/ (v) = to twist the
shape or change the appearance
of sth zaburzy, znieksztaci
expressive \Ik"spresIv\ (adj) = showing
my feelings or intentions
ekspresywny, peen wyrazu

fall under \"fOl nd\ (v) = to be

grouped into a certain category
nalee do (danej kategorii)
fantasy novel (phr) = a story
involving imaginary creatures
powie naleca do nurtu
fantasy
follower \"flU\ (n) = sb who
supports a particular belief or
follows a particular lifestyle
zwolennik, naladowca
generations to come (phr) = the
people who will be born in the
future przysze pokolenia
geometric form (phr) = a form
relating to standard shapes,
i.e. square, triangle, etc figura
geometryczna
in my prime (phr) = the time in my
life when I am most active,
productive or powerful w kwiecie
wieku, u szczytu rozwoju
influential \Influ"enSl\ (adj) = being in
a position of power over others
and therefore able to bring about
actions that I desire wpywowy
initially \I"nISli\ (adv) = in the
beginning pocztkowo
inspire \In"spaI\ (v) = to be the source
of an idea or motivation
inspirowa
live on \lIv "n\ (phr v) = (of a book,
film, etc) to remain popular trwa,
y nadal
mock \mk\ (v) = to tease; to ridicule
drwi, kpi, przedrzenia
move on \muv "n\ (phr v) = to stop
doing sth and start sth different
zaj si (czym innym)
notable \"nUtbl\ (adj) = remarkable;
distinguished znakomity, wybitny
pattern \"ptn\ (v) = a design wzr
place emphasis on (phr) = to
stress/emphasise sth pooy
nacisk na
predecessor \"pridIses\ (n) = sb who
had my job before me poprzednik
relatively \"reltIvli\ (adv) = to a
certain degree stosunkowo,
wzgldnie
rely on \rI"laI n\ (phr v) = to depend
on sb/sth polega na
scope /skUp/ (n) = the area that
sb/sth deals with zakres, zasig
subject \"sbdZIkt\ (n) = a topic; a
theme temat
subject matter (phr) = the topic of a
painting, a book, etc tematyka,
temat

201

Word List
tiny dot (phr) = a very small round
mark maleki punkt
trilogy \"trIldZi\ (n) = a series of three
books, films, etc with the same
characters or subject trylogia
unremarkable \nrI"mAkbl\ (adj) =
not particularly noteworthy
bezbarwny, nieciekawy
vivid /"vIvId/ (adj) = (of colours) bright
ywy, sugestywny
witness \"wItns\ (v) = to be present
and see sth wiadek

CLIL/Culture 6
account for \"kaUnt f\ (phr v) = to
constitute stanowi
army \"Ami\ (n) = an organised group
of people armia
average \"vrIdZ\ (adj) = common;
typical typowy, przecitny
be made up of \bi meId "p v\ (phr v)
= to consist of skada si z
by law \baI "lO\ (prep phr) = legally
prawnie, zgodnie z prawem
calculate \"klkjUleIt\ (v) = to
determine a number or an amount
from information that I already
have obliczy
carbohydrate \kAbU"haIdreIt\ (n) = a
food substance that gives the body
energy, usually found in sugar and
starch wglowodan
claim \kleIm\ (v) = to state that sth is
true twierdzi, uwaa
component \km"pUnnt\ (n) = any
part of which sth is made
komponent, skadnik, element
consume \kn"sjum\ (v) = to eat or
drink sth spoywa, konsumowa
consumer \kn"sjum\ (n) = the
ultimate user of a product or
service konsument
daily allowance (phr) = an amount of
sth given/allowed to be used per
day dzienne spoycie
determine \dI"tmIn\ (v) = to find out
okreli, zdefiniowa
disability \dIs"bIlIti\ (n) = sth that
takes away a normal ability,
especially as a result of a birth
defect, an accident or a disease
niepenosprawno, uomno
elderly people (phr) = very old
people starsze osoby
fat \ft\ (n) = an oil substance found
in some foods tuszcz
food label (phr) = a piece of paper
attached to food packaging stating
the nutritional information
etykieta produktu spoywczego

202

fully understand (phr) = to

completely understand sth w peni
zrozumie
highly-respected \haIli rI"spektId\
(adj) = admired by a large number
of people wielce szanowany,
cieszcy si duym szacunkiem
home-delivered \hUm dI"lIvd\ (pp) =
sent to sbs house dostarczany do
domu
in relation to (phr) = relating to
another thing wzgldem,
w odniesieniu do
ingredient \In"gridint\ (n) = a food
item used to make a particular
dish skadnik
intensively \In"tensIvli\ (adv) =
in a way that involves a lot of
effort in a short time intensywnie
label \"leIbl\ (v) = to put a piece of
paper with information on sth
etykietowa
lunch club (phr) = a place where
people meet to eat a midday meal
klub organizujcy spotkania przy
lunchu
manufacturer \mnjU"fktSr\ (n) = a
person or company that produces
sth for sale producent
mineral \"mInrl\ (n) = a valuable or
useful chemical substance which is
formed naturally in the ground
minera
nutrient \"njutrint\ (n) = a substance
that helps animals and plants to
grow substancja odywcza
nutrition \nju"trISn\ (n) = all the
vitamins, minerals, etc necessary
for a body to grow and be healthy
odywianie
nutritional benefit (phr) = the good
influence which food has on our
health korzyci odywcze
nutritional demands (phr) = the
need for certain food substances
to maintain health potrzeby
ywieniowe
packaged food (phr) = food that
comes in a packet, a box, etc
ywno pakowana
property \"prpti\ (n) = a special
quality that sth has cecha
protein \"prUtin\ (n) = a food
substance that is necessary for a
growing healthy body biako,
proteina
recommended \rek"mendId\ (adj) =
suggested; proposed as suitable
zalecany

round down to \raUnd "daUn t\ (phr v)

= to reduce an amount to the
nearest whole number zaokrgli
w d
serviceman \"svIsmn\ (n) = sb in a
military service (army, navy, airforce)
wojskowy, onierz, mundurowy
serving \"svIN\ (n) = an amount of
food enough for one person
porcja
serving size (phr) = the amount of
food given to a person to eat
porcje jedzenia, ktre s
podawane
social interaction (phr) = the act of
communicating with people
kontakty spoeczne
spread \spred\ (v) = to move outwards
in all directions rozprzestrzenia
si
substance \"sbstns\ (n) = a solid, a
liquid or a gas with particular
characteristics substancja
technical /"teknIkl/ (adj) = (of
language) scientific; difficult to
understand techniczny
veteran \"vetrn\ (n) = sb who has
fought in a war and survived
weteran
vitamin \"vItmIn\ (n) = a substance
essential for normal growth and
activity of the body, which is
obtained naturally from plant and
animal foods witamina

CLIL/Culture 7
absorb \b"zOb\ (v) = to take sth in
gradually wchania
active volcano (phr) = a mountain
which could explode with lava at
any time wulkan aktywny
analogy /"nldZi/ (n) = a comparison
between two things/situations,
showing how alike they are
podobiestwo, analogia
associate with \"sUSieIt wID\ (v) =
to think of sth in relation to sth else
kojarzy (co) z czym
carbon dioxide (phr) = a gas in the
air we breathe dwutlenek wgla
carbon-based substance (phr) = a
material having a high carbon
content substancja oparta na
wglu
chunk \tSNk\ (n) = a large piece
kawaek
collide \k"laId\ (v) = to crash into sth
zderzy si

Word List
comet \"kmIt\ (n) = a body of rock
and ice that moves around the Sun
at a great distance from it, and is
seen on rare occasions from the
Earth as a bright line in the sky
kometa
comprise \km"praIz\ (v) = to be made
up of skada si, by zoonym z
concentration \knsn"treISn\ (n) = a
large amount or number of sth in
a specific area skupienie,
koncentracja
diameter \daI"mIt\ (n) = the
measurement from one side to the
other of a round object rednica
dust particles (phr) = very tiny pieces
of dust drobinki pyu
ecosystem \"ikUsIstm\ (n) = all the
living things in an area and the
way they affect each other and the
environment ekosystem
eruption \I"rpSn\ (n) = an explosion
from a volcano wybuch, erupcja
fiery streak (phr) = a blazing line
ognista smuga
galactic \g"lktIk\ (adj) = relating to
galaxies galaktyczny
gas \gs\ (n) = a substance that is not
solid or liquid (like the air) gaz
gravity \"grvIti\ (n) = a natural force
that attracts objects to one
another and makes things fall to
the ground grawitacja
infancy \"Infnsi\ (n) = the early stages
of life wczesne dziecistwo,
niemowlctwo
lava \"lAv\ (n) = molten rock lawa
measure \"meZ\ (v) = to have a
length, height, etc of mierzy
orbit \"ObIt\ (v) = to move around sth
okra, orbitowa
outer space (phr) = the space that is
far away from our galaxy
przestrze kosmiczna
outstanding \aUt"stndIN\ (adj) =
amazing wyrniajcy si,
wybitny
particle \"pAtIkl\ (n) = a very small
piece of sth czsteczka
pea-sized \"pi saIzd\ (adj) = having the
size of a pea wielkoci ziarna
groszku
pour out \pOr "aUt\ (v) = (of a liquid)
to come out wylewa si
primarily \"praImrli\ (adv) = mainly
gwnie, zasadniczo, przede
wszystkim
proximity \prk"sImIti\ (n) = closeness
blisko pooenia

rocky core (phr) = a centre made of

rock skalne jdro
solar system /"sUl sIstm/ (n) = the
Sun and the planets that go
around it Ukad Soneczny
solid form (phr) = being completely
hard all the way through ksztat
stay/zbity
tar \tA\ (n) = a black sticky substance
smoa
transform \trns"fOm\ (v) = to change
into sth else zmienia,
przeksztaca si
vapour \"veIp\ (n) = gas opar
volcanic activity (phr) = the
condition when a volcano rumbles
and gives off gases, ash and lava
aktywno wulkaniczna
water vapour (phr) = water in a gas
form para wodna

CLIL/Culture 8
advance \d"vAns\ (v) = to go forward
przemieszcza si, posuwa si
naprzd
aim sth at sb (phr) = to point sth in
sbs direction celowa w kogo
astonishment \"stnISmnt\ (n) =
extreme surprise zdumienie
bare \be\ (adj) = (of walls) not
covered with anything goy,
odkryty, odsonity
blow \blU\ (n) = a hit cios
cling onto sth (phr) = to hold sth
tightly uczepi si, kurczowo si
trzyma
companion \km"pnjn\ (n) = sb that I
spend time with or travel with
kolega, towarzysz
compose \km"pUz\ (v) = to form; to
construct stworzy,
skomponowa, zbudowa
counter \"kaUnt\ (n) = (of a shop,
bank, etc) a long narrow surface
where people are served lada
depict \dI"pIkt\ (v) = to show or
represent przedstawia, ukazywa
desperate \"desprt\ (adj) = feeling
that I would do anything to
change a situation zdesperowany,
zdeterminowany
devour \dI"vaU\ (v) = to eat sth with
great enthusiasm je apczywie,
pochania
excel /Ik"sel/ (v) = to do sth very well
wybija si, osiga znakomite
wyniki
gaze \geIz\ (v) = to look steadily at
sb/sth for a long time wpatrywa
si

hang \hN\ (v) = (past tense/past

participle: hanged) to kill sb by
suspending them by the neck
powiesi (kogo)
hint \hInt\ (v) = to make a suggestion
in an indirect way sugerowa,
dawa do zrozumienia
institution \InstI"tjuSn\ (n) = a
building where orphans, mentally
disabled or elderly people are
looked after instytucja, dom
opieki
minister /"mInIst/ (n) = a position of
authority in the Church of England
pastor
misery \"mIzri\ (n) = unhappiness
nieszczcie, niedola
nudge \ndZ\ (v) = to push sb gently
with my elbow szturchn
oatmeal \"Utmil\ (n) = a breakfast
food made from a type of crushed
grain cooked with milk or water
owsianka
pale \peIl\ (adj) = having less colour
than usual blady
polish \"plIS\ (v) = to make sth shine
polerowa, czyci
position \p"zISn\ (v) = to place sth or
sb somewhere umieszcza,
rozmieszcza
pour \pO\ (v) = to make a liquid flow
out of a container in a controlled
way nalewa
public \"pblIk\ (adj) = provided for
everyone to use publiczny
scientific breakthrough (phr) = an
important discovery in the field of
science przeom naukowy
split up \splIt "p\ (phr v) = to separate
sb from the person or people they
are attached to rozsta si
stare at \"ster t\ (v) = to look at
sth/sb for a long time wpatrywa
si, gapi si
starvation \stA"veISn\ (n) = extreme
suffering or death because of a
lack of food gd; mier godowa
suffer \"sf\ (v) = to experience pain
or unpleasant emotions cierpie
na, skary si na
tender \"tend\ (adj) = (of age) young
tu: mody (wiek)
torture \"tOtS\ (n) = an act of causing
pain tortura
whisper \"wIsp\ (v) = to speak in a soft
quiet voice szepta
wink at \"wINk t\ (v) = to close and
open one eye quickly to convey a
message to sb mrugn do

203