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FACULTY OF SCIENCE
SEMESTER 2 EXAMINATION 2009 2010
GEK1544
INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES
1.
This examination paper contains a total of FOUR (4) questions and
comprises FIVE (5) printed pages (including this page).
2.
3. Candidates are each allowed to bring in ONE (1) hand-written, doublesided help-sheet no larger than A 4 size.
4. Candidates may use calculators. However, they should lay out systematically the various steps in the calculations.
PAGE 2
[ 25 marks]
different arrangements (order not important) of the 5 cards, taken out of the 52
cards, so that all the five cards are of different kinds.
(ii)
(ii)a
(ii)b
(ii)c
PAGE 3
Question 2
[ 25 marks]
PAGE 4
[ Question 2 continues ... ]
(i) On applying the Fibonacci betting strategy, one finds herself/himself betting
with the amount $ cN +1 , where N 1 is an integer. Show that one has lost
$ (c1 + c2 + c3 + + cN ) .
(ii)
for N 1 .
(iii) For any one round in the Fibonacci betting strategy, show that the profit is
exactly one dollar.
Question 3
[ 25 marks]
Consider a zero-sum game with players A and B . Player A has strategies A1 and
A2 , while player B has strategies B1 and B2 . The payoffs are shown in the table
below .
B1
B2
A1
a2
b2
A2
c2
d2
Here a, b, c and d are positive numbers. (The payoffs for B are negative of the
numbers shown.)
(i)
(ii)
Show that the Maxi-Mini method does not yield a saddle point.
A1
A2
B1
B2
pq
p (1 q)
(1 p) q
(1 p)(1 q)
find the optimal value of p for A to play the mixed strategies. Express your
answers to part (iii) in terms of a, b, c and d .
PAGE 5
Question 4
[ 25 marks]
ai
2 a1 + + ai + + an
.
3
n
For example ,
if a 0 ;
| a| = a
if a < 0 .
whereas | 1 | = (1) = 1 .
2
100 .
3
Find a1 so that the payoff for the first player is 100 . Write your answers in the
form ?? . ?? , that is, accurate up to 2 decimal places.
(ii) Show that
a1 = a2 = = an = 0
with at least one number not equal to zero (say, ai 6= 0), then (at least) one of
the players can gain from the original payoff by either increasing or decreasing the
original guess a little bit, while other players guesses remain unchanged. (Caution :
the player who can gain from making small changes may or may not be the i -th
player.)