Period IIIB

Chapters 17-21
1. The First Crusade resulted in the:
(A) successful recapture of the Holy Land by European forces.
(B) march of European children to the Holy Land to reclaim it in God's name.
(C) the total destruction of European armies by the Muslim forces under Saladin.
(D) The temporary conquest and recapture of Jerusalem by European armies.
2. The causes of the Crusades include all of the following EXCEPT:
(A) the need for younger sons to gain other opportunities for wealth.
(B) the conquest of Byzantine lands by Muslim empires.
(C) the economic motives of burgeoning trading cities like Venice to gain more ports.
(D) Muslim anger over the Norman conquest of Sicily and their defeat at the Battle of Tours.
3. The shaded area of the map below indicates which of the following empires at its greatest extent?
(A) The Mongol Empire
(B) The Russian Empire
(C) The Byzantine Empire
(D) The Ottoman Empire

4. The class structure of nomadic societies normally produced:

(A) a tightly-structured class system with little flexibility.
(B) no class distinctions and complete equality.
(C) a fluid breakdown into nobles and commoners.
(D) a division into nobles, warriors, farmers, and slaves.
5. The political power of the khans was based on:
(A) a tightly structured imperial framework.
(B) indirect rule through the leaders of allied tribes.
(C) an extension of the traditional Turkish urban kingship.
(D) the shamanistic belief in the divinity of the ruler.

Period IIIB
Chapters 17-21
He [Kublai Khan] makes them take of the bark of a certain tree. What they take is a
certain fine white skin which lies between the wood of the tree and the thick outer
bark, and this they make into something resembling sheets of paper, but black. When
these sheets have been prepared they are cut up into pieces of different sizes. The
smallest of these sizes is worth a half tornesel; the next, a little larger, one tornesel;
one, a little larger still, is worth half a silver groat of Venice; another a whole groat;
others yet two groats, five groats, and ten groatsand on every piece a variety of
officials, whose duty it is, have to write their names, and to put their seals. And when
all is prepared duly, the chief officer deputed by the Khan smears the seal entrusted to
him with vermilion, and impresses it on the paper, so that the form of the seal
remains printed upon it in red; the money is then authentic. Anyone forging it would
be punished with death. And the Khan causes every year to be made such a vast
quantity of this money, which costs him nothing, that it must equal in amount all the
treasure in the world.
From The Travels of Marco Polo

6. What statement best evaluates Marco Polos discussion of paper money from the perspective of a modern
economist?
(A) Absolute authority allowed for the printing of unlimited amounts of currency without inflation.
(B) Marco Polo failed to understand how the khan collects wealth in order to print the currency
without rampant inflation.
(C) Due to lack of foreign trade, the printing of currency by the khan does not increase inflation
because no foreign wealth enters the Chinese economy.
(D) As long as a national government the khan in this case is trusted by its people, the
government can print currency without fear of inflation.
7. Which of the following was NOT a hallmark of Hongwus rule?
(A) The reestablishment of Confucian education.
(B) Extensive use of the mandarins.
(C) The reestablishment of the civil service system.
(D) The move to a more decentralized governmental form.
8. All of the following were methods of Ming recovery EXCEPT:
(A) Actively pursuing trade with foreign manufacturers.
(B) Promoting the manufacturing of luxury items and textiles.
(C) Rebuilding canals and irrigation systems that had fallen into disrepair.
(D) Promoting the resurgence of Chinese values through Confucianism.
9. Hongwu revived Chinese culture, in part, by:
(A) deifying former emperors of the Shang and Qin dynasties.
(B) tearing down old buildings and architecture from the Yuan.
(C) discouraging the use of Mongol names and dress.
(D) exiling foreign missionaries and trades people from China.
10. Economics in western Europe in the later Middle Ages changed by:
(A) Allowing more social mobility because of the end of serfdom and the rise of urban centers.
(B) Allowing women to own property for the first time and participate in long-distance trade.
(C) Gaining one center of sea trade around the Baltic Sea under the control of the Hanseatic League.
(D) Refusing to accept trading goods from the Muslim world after the period of the Crusades.

Period IIIB
Chapters 17-21
11. Manor life:
(A) Was similar to the labor system of the Roman empire in that free laborers received land in
exchange for service.
(B) Created a localized, basic and self-sufficient agricultural economy that kept its serfs protected.
(C) Was based on a system of free labor in exchange for protection and allowed peasants to move
freely between the town and the manor.
(D) Was not affected by the Black Death and serfdom continued unchanged up through the
Renaissance.
12. Which of the following is NOT a true statement about the Holy Roman Empire?
(A) The empire did not have one common language or nationality.
(B) The empire granted citizenship to men in some conquered territories.
(C) The empire had a decentralized government with strong local autonomy.
(D) The empire split into Germany, Austria and Italy in the late 1300s.
13. Which of the following was a common feature of most Asian and European philosophies during the
period 600 to 1450 C.E.?
(A) A close association with religion
(B) Emphasis on experimental science
(C) Reliance on ideas of individual freedom
(D) Substantial scholarly exchange of ideas among all world cultures
14. The Byzantine Empire:
(A) was cut off from trading opportunities with the Silk Road and the Indian Ocean trade.
(B) became a feudal and agricultural society like its European neighbors to the west.
(C) built on the Roman imperial model but followed Greek cultural and religious traditions.
(D) joined forces with the Muslim and Ottoman Empires to
defeat Kievan military excursions.
15. The picture on the right of a child mummy is most likely a
representative of:
(A) Incan culture
(B) Malian culture
(C) Aztec culture
(D) Childrens Crusade victims
16. The Maya:
(A) created one politically unified territory of hereditary rulers
that defeated rival kingdoms and lasted until the Spanish
conquest
(B) were matrilineal and had a long history of female rulers, who
were considered to be goddesses.
(C) were unable to develop successful irrigation techniques
needed to farm land and therefore relied on long-distance
trade for food.
(D) made invaluable intellectual contributions in the
areas of math and astonomy that improved Mesoamerican
calendar systems.

Period IIIB
Chapters 17-21
17. The African proverb, Until the lions have their historians, tales of hunting will always glorify the
hunter, conveys which of the following?
(A) Common people need to learn how to write so they can tell their story.
(B) Hunting is a sport that brings glory only to the hunter.
(C) The concept of history is much different in Africa than in Europe or the United States.
(D) History usually reflects the viewpoint of the victors.
18. Judaism, Islam, and Christianity share which of the following?
(A) Belief in Jesus as the Messiah.
(B) Acceptance of Muhammad as a prophet.
(C) The requirement of a pilgrimage to Jerusalem.
(D) The core idea in each faith is monotheism.
19. The Quran:
(A) is the holy book of Islam.
(B) were the priests who watched over the Kaba.
(C) was Muhammads journey to Yathrib.
(D) is the law code of Islam.
20. The turning point in the rise of Islam was
(A) Muhammads pilgrimage to Mecca.
(B) the rise of the Umayyad dynasty.
(C) the conquest of Egypt by Islamic forces.
(D) the return of Muhammad from his exile to Medina.

21. The religious sect which taught that Allah should be revered in one's own way and which led
many to convert to Islam from their native religions was:
(A) Sufi
(B) Sunni
(C) Shiite
(D) Jain
22. Which of the following is a major difference between the social structures of China and India between
600 B.C.E. and 600 C.E.?
(A) Confucianism emphasized spiritual advancement for people who faithfully performed their social
duties.
(B) Merchants had the highest social status in India.
(C) Slaves did most of the agricultural work on large Indian estates.
(D) Confucian social hierarchy privileged government officials.
23. Which of these is a true statement about Mongol invasions between 1100 and 1500 C.E.?
(A) While Mongols were able to convert Russia to Islam, they failed to spread Muslim beliefs
throughout India
(B) Mongols adopted elements of Chinese culture, which were then spread to other parts of Asia.
(C) Mongol invasions were successful in China and Japan, but unsuccessful in Korea.
(D) Mongol rule in Russia helped build a successful overland trade route and a strong economy based
on trade.
24. In an effort to strengthen the Mongol fighting forces, Chinggis Khan:
(A) emphasized the traditional tribal affiliations.
(B) traded with the Europeans to obtain more powerful modern artillery.
(C) disbanded the Mongol cavalry and instead placed emphasis on the infantry.
(D) formed new military units with no tribal affiliations.

Period IIIB
Chapters 17-21
25. Which of the following is NOT true of the Mongols?
(A) Their government was organized around kinship groups.
(B) They highly regarded the work of artisans.
(C) They improved Persian infrastructure by constructing qanat irrigation systems.
(D) They were driven back from Japan by kamikaze winds.
The Law of the Franks, c. mid-700s C.E.
If any one steals a cow belonging to the lord, they shall pay 90 shillings
If any one carry off a free born girl for violent purposes, they shall pay 30 shillings
If any one assaults a girl they shall pay 63 shillings
If any one kills a girl under 10 they shall pay 200 shillings
If any one kills a woman who can have no more children, they shall pay 200 shillings
If any one kills a woman who is pregnant, they shall pay 700 shillings
If any one kills a woman who has begun bearing children, they shall pay 600 shillings
26. The above law code reflects which of the following about life in medieval Europe?
(A) there was a great deal of religious intolerance.
(B) medieval Europeans never used money.
(C) slaves were worth exactly as much as children under Frankish laws.
(D) the value of a woman seems related to her fertility.
27. All of the following people practiced human sacrifice to appease their gods EXCEPT:
(A) Maya
(B) Olmec
(C) Aztec
(D) Inca
28. Which of the following statements is NOT a correct description of Mesoamerican (including Incan) cultures?
(A) A reliance on military conquest of other nations.
(B) The development of complex written languages.
(C) The use of complex mathematics and astronomy.
(D) The advancement of engineering and architecture.
29. The Incas imposed order:
(A) through the use of extreme terror.
(B) through the spread of a common written language.
(C) by forcing the worship of their main god, Huitzilopochtli.
(D) by taking hostages from the conquered tribes ruling classes.
30. Ibn Battuta was able to travel so extensively because:
(A) his military might made conquest easy.
(B) his religious and legal training allowed him to serve as qadi.
(C) he held a position as an envoy for the Mongols.
(D) he traveled with Marco Polo.
31. The rise of powerful states in Europe in the fifteenth century was dependent on
(A) the reestablishment of imperial unification.
(B) the combination of new taxes and large standings armies.
(C) the European invention of gunpowder.
(D) papal leadership in a new round of crusades that gave purpose and inspiration for the Europeans.

Period IIIB
Chapters 17-21

32. The detail above, from the Catalan Atlas, c. 1375, shows:
(A) the military might of the empire of Songhai.
(B) the importance of the empires that controlled the gold-salt trade.
(C) the critical trading position of Gibraltar to Afro-European economies
(D) the dominance of Barber tribes over the weak rule of Ghana.
33. The marriage of Fernando of Aragon and Isabel of Castile:
(A) led to the creation of the Spanish state.
(B) marked the end of the Hundred Years War.
(C) led to the unification of France.
(D) resulted in the suspension of the Inquisition.
34. One consequence of the Mongol invasions was:
(A) trade slowed dramatically because of heavy taxation.
(B) long-distance trade became much less risky.
(C) interaction between different peoples of Eurasia was limited by Mongol cruelty.
(D) unification was achieved by the implementation of a state religion.
35. Griots were:
(A) the legendary kings of Mali who set political archetypes in place.
(B) aqueducts that were essential for life in the oasis towns of the Sahara.
(C) singers and storytellers who preserved a non-literate history.
(D) Swahili slave traders who negotiated with Malian kings.

Period IIIB
Chapters 17-21
36. Mali became the wealthiest kingdom in sub-Saharan Africa because of its:
A. technological leadership.
B. alliance with Spain.
C. control of the gold trade.
D. control of the spice trade.
37. The late-fourteenth-century Turkish ruler who weakened the Golden Horde, sacked Delhi, and launched
campaigns in southwest Asia and Anatolia was:
A. Chinggis Khan.
B. Osman.
C. Khubilai Khan.
D. Tamerlane.
38. The reconquista was:
A. the Portuguese trade route around the tip of Africa.
B. the reestablishment of native Chinese rule by defeating the Mongols.
C. the failed Islamic attempt to win back control over southern Italy.
D. the Spanish Catholic attempt to win Spain from Islamic control.
1289
1326
c.1350s
1453
1529

Osman Bey founds the Ottoman state in western Anatolia

The Byzantine city of Bursa falls to the Ottomans
Gallipoli and Adrianople in Thrace becomes the Ottomans' first European possession
Constantinople falls to the Ottomans under Sultan Mehmet II
Sultan Suleiman besieges Habsburg Vienna

39. An historian examining this series of events of the Ottoman Empire would most likely be studying:
(A) how recruitment and use of bureaucratic and military elites such as those raised by the Ottoman
devishirme helped build and expand the Ottoman state.
(B) how the resurgent Byzantine Empire allied with the Habsburgs to use superior military
technology to decisively defeat the Ottomans
(C) how visual displays of power that occurred at each of these events reinforced Sassanid Persian
rejection of Ottoman expansion.
(D) how economic competition between western Europe and Ottoman commercial interests resulted
in the decline of Ottoman power by the second half of the 15th century.
40. As a result of technological innovations, such as the horse collar and the chinampa system,
(A) famine became a continuous source of fear
(B) agricultural productivity increased dramatically
(C) urban populations saw significant decline
(D) sea-based trade gained dominance over land-based trade
41. The bubonic plague changed Europe in that:
(A) A shortage of labor made it possible to demand wages.
(B) People resettled in the New World partly to escape the plague.
(C) Family life was strengthened as other institutions faltered.
(D) The Church was enhanced as the sole moral and political authority in a time of panic.
42. With the emperor responsible for the leadership of both the government and the church, the Byzantine
Empire sought to:
(A) combine a traditional source of legitimacy with innovations suited to the situation at hand.
(B) ensure the growth of trade and trade routes throughout the Christian dominated Mediterranean
Sea.
(C) deny challenges to the emperors rule from the emerging Arab Caliphates.
(D) allow increased cross-cultural interactions to have a larger impact on government formation.

Period IIIB
Chapters 17-21
The next question refers to the following TWO passages:
The Crusaders, maddened by so great a victory after
much suffering, rushed through the streets and into
the houses and mosques killing all that they met,
men, women and children alike. Early next morning a
band of Crusaders forced an entry into the mosque
and slew everyone The Jews of Jerusalem fled in a
body to their chief synagogue. But they were held to
have aided the Muslims and [their] building was set
on fire and they were all burnt within.
The massacre at Jerusalem profoundly impressed all
the world. No one can say how many victims it
involved; but it emptied Jerusalem of its Muslim and
Jewish inhabitants Amongst the Muslims there
was henceforward a clear determination that the
Franks must be driven out. It was this bloodthirsty
proof of Christian fanaticism that recreated the
fanaticism of Islam.
--- Steven Runciman,
A History of the Crusades, vol. I, 1988

The crusades were in every way a defensive war.

They were the Wests belated response to the
Muslim conquest of fully two-thirds of the
Christian world. While the Arabs were busy in
the seventh through the tenth centuries winning
an opulent and sophisticated empire, Europe was
defending itself against outside invaders and
then digging out from the mess they left behind.
Only in the eleventh century were Europeans
able to take much notice of the East The
crusades were no more offensive than was the
American invasion of Normandy. As it happened,
the First Crusade was amazingly, almost
miraculously, successful. The crusaders marched
hundreds of miles deep into enemy territory and
recaptured not only the [formerly Christian]
cities of Nicaea and Antioch, but in 1099
Jerusalem itself.
Thomas F. Madden,
Crusade Propaganda, The National Review,
2001

43. Which of the following best represents the central point of disagreement between the two historians
above?
(A) Were Jews, Christians, or Muslims the first to possess the holy land?
(B) Were Christians guilty of aggression and atrocities during the crusades?
(C) Were there other successful crusades for Christians after the First Crusade?
(D) Did Muslims also attack Jews during the Crusades?
44. Lay investiture was the process of:
A. encouraging the Church to send missionaries to Kublai Khan.
B. developing guidelines for changes to Church practices and rituals.
C. allowing monarchs to make appointments to Church positions.
D. refusing to allow women into leadership positions within the Church.
45. Which of the following is NOT true regarding new crops in the period 1000 to 1450?
(A) Muslims introduced rice to West Africa.
(B) Europeans introduced Muslims to refined sugar.
(C) Cotton became the main textile in sub- Saharan Africa.
(D) Muslim travelers introduced citrus fruits to West Africa.

Period IIIB
Chapters 17-21
46. All of the following regions suffered great decreases in population as a result of the bubonic plague
EXCEPT:
(A) Europe
(B) China
(C) Sub-Sahara Africa
(D) Southwest Asia
47. During the period 1000 to 1450:
(A) Europeans learned of sugarcane cultivation from the Crusades.
(B) pastoral nomadism declined markedly.
(C) Australians developed agriculture.
(D) Americans engaged in regional trade only.

48. The map above indicates that

(A) Mali was a major source and hub of the gold trade
(B) Europeans had begun to make inroads in West Africa
(C) Mali remained isolated from Europe and the Middle East
(D) Atlantic ports were crucial for the transportation of salt and gold

Period IIIB
Chapters 17-21
49. By attempting to model the Japanese capital at Nara after the
Tang capital at Changan, the Japanese state was trying to
(A) discredit technological feats of outsiders.
(B) introduce Hinduism into Japanese culture.
(C) establish a decentralized government.
(D) synthesize both local and borrowed traditions.
50. The picture at right shows:
(A) slave overseers preparing for work.
(B) flagellants atoning for sins by beating themselves.
(C) circus performers performing for villagers.
(D) Crusading knights seeking penance for their actions.
51. Which of the following was NOT an impact of increased
cross-continental trade?
(A) The rapid spread of gunpowder technology from China to Eurasia.
(B) The increase of foodstuffs which caused increased population.
(C) The increased political and social status of women throughout Eurasia.
(D) The diffusion of technologies, like the compass, made it possible for mariners to sail greater
distances.
52. The game being played, pictured at left, is an important,
lasting symbol of:
(A) conquest of the Mongols over the Chinese.
(B) cultural exchange between Christians and Muslims.
(C) destruction of the city of Constantinople.
(D) the work of its inventor, Marco Polo.
53. The use of camels by Arab and Berber traders
to travel across the Sahara shows that:
(A) animal domestication began in and around the Sahara
Desert
(B) traders gained knowledge of their environments and
adapted to them
(C) the spread of language was a key effect of longdistance trade
(D) sea-based trading was more prevalent than landbased trading
54. As migrations occurred, such as the spread of Arabs out of the Arabian Peninsula, the migrating peoples tended
to:
(A) abandon all cultural values that were present in their native lands
(B) adopt the religions of the locals in the regions to which they were immigrating
(C) completely destroy all native cultures in the paths of their migrations
(D) spread their languages to the new regions they began inhabiting

Period IIIB
Chapters 17-21
Question 55. refers to the following TWO passages:
The meaning of an epidemic illness is that it encompasses many people in one land at one time
Epidemic diseases have many causes that may be grouped into four kinds: a change in the quality of
air, a change in the quality of the water, a change in the quality of the food, and a change in the quality
of psychic events A deviation that changes the air from its customary nature takes place when the
air becomes hotter, colder, damper, drier, or when a corruption mixes with it. The state of corruption
may occur from a nearby or faraway place. Hippocrates said that it is not impossible that an
epidemic disease may occur in the land of the Greeks because of a corruption that accumulated in
Ethiopia, ascended to the atmosphere, then descended on the Greeks, and caused epidemic illness
among them.
Ibn Ridwan, On the Prevention of Bodily Ills in Egypt, eleventh century
We, the masters of the faculty of medicine at Paris, inspired by our desire to achieve something
of public benefit, have decided to compile, with Gods help, a brief compendium of the distant and
immediate causes of the present universal epidemic (as far as these can be understood by the human
intellect) and of wholesome remedies We believe that the present epidemic or plague has arisen
from air corrupt in its substance Unseasonable weather is a particular cause of illness. For the
ancients, notably Hippocrates, are agreed that if the four seasons run awry, and do not keep their
proper course, the plagues and mortal passions are engendered that year
Report of the Paris Medical Faculty, 1348

55. Which of the following is TRUE when comparing the two passages above?
(A) Both passages seek solutions from God in fighting epidemic illness.
(B) The first passage analyzes epidemic illness in completely religious terms, while the second
passage analyzes epidemic illness in scientific terms
(C) Both passages rely on findings from Classical Greece to diagnose epidemic illness.
(D) The first passage sees the corruption of air as a primary cause of epidemic illness whereas the
second passage sees the corruption of people as a primary cause of epidemic illness.
56. Zoroastrianism was influential because:
(A) it promoted the rights of women and the idea that marriage was a partnership.
(B) it empowered the poor and encouraged them to rebel and disrupt the kingdom.
(C) it centered on monotheism and a messiah which was later adopted by Judaism and Christianity.
(D) it created a rigid social structure where position within the religion was determined by birth.
57. Women tended to exercise power and influence between 600 and 1450 most frequently in which of the
following regions?
(A) Northwestern Europe
(B) Middle East
(C) Mesoamerica
(D) Southeast Asia

Period IIIB
Chapters 17-21

58. The sixth-century C.E. Buddhist statue complex shown above, found in China, is an example of:
(A) religious conflict
(B) reverence for ancestors
(C) the wealth and power of the emperor
(D) cross-cultural interaction
59. A key element in establishing trade across the Indian Ocean was the:
(A) defeat of the Xiongnu.
(B) defeat of the Indian pirates who controlled the region.
(C) signing of an alliance with the leading Sri Lankan prince.
(D) mastering of the monsoon system.
60. Most early civilizations before 600 B.C.E. shared which of the following characteristics?
(A) Animal herds and portable houses.
(B) Large standing armies and elected governments.
(C) Urban centers, growing populations, and writing systems.
(D) Caravan trade, underground cities, and large ships.

Period IIIB
Chapters 17-21
What is recorded in the Buddhist scriptures
is analogous to the teachings contained in the
scripture of Laozi [the founder of Daoism] in
China, and it is actually believed that Laozi, after
having gone to India, instructed the barbarians
and became the Buddha.
Yu Huan, Chinese historian,circa 250 C.E
61. In the fictionalized account of the origins of Buddhism outlined in the passage above, Yu Huans purpose
was most likely to:
(A) make it easier for his Buddhist readers to convert to Daoism
(B) hint at the existence of an alternate set of Buddhist scriptures that were different from the
officially accepted ones
(C) demonstrate the extent of missionary and trade links between China and India
(D) assert the superiority of Chinese culture over non-Chinese cultures
62. Which of the following statements regarding the tenets of Buddhism is most accurate?
(A) Buddhism teaches that followers can attain a state of perfect peace.
(B) Buddhism supported the Indian caste system.
(C) Buddhism is polytheistic.
(D) Buddhism does not accept reincarnation.
63. What statement explains the bureaucratic view of Buddhism during the Tang dynasty?
(A) Buddhism provided the society with a means of appeasing the poorer peasant classes because,
unlike Confucianism, it was egalitarian.
(B) Buddhism was a threat to the power of the Confucian bureaucracy because it offered an
alternative social organization.
(C) Buddhism was not recognized as an issue for the bureaucracy because it was a religion that did
not address political issues.
(D) Buddhism was seen as a challenge to the Confucian religious beliefs held by many in the
bureaucracy.

Period IIIB
Chapters 17-21
64. The map below shows what significant economic developments?
(A) Trade connections that linked the Hellenistic and Mauryan empires to African cities from 300
through 150 B.C.E.
(B) Trading networks that promoted the growth of new cities from 600 C.E. through 1450 C.E.
(C) Chinese dominance of Indian Ocean trading networks because of the voyages of Zheng He in the
1400s C.E.
(D) Changes in Indian Ocean trading networks that resulted from technological innovations from 1450
C.E. through 1750 C.E.

65. Which one of the following reasons is often cited by historians as the cause of the Agricultural
Revolution?
(A) People migrated to regions that could finally support agriculture.
(B) A cooling period around 6000 B.C.E. allowed people to settle in one place year round.
(C) Climate change drove people to abandon foraging in favor agriculture.
(D) Major river valleys stopped flooding allowing people to settle along their banks.
66. The Four Noble Truths are associated with: (KC2.1)
(A) Confucianism
(B) Buddhism
(C) Legalism
(D) Judaism

Period IIIB
Chapters 17-21
67. Hammurabi's Code and the Mandate of Heaven are similar in that: (KC2.1)
(A) each assumed that humans perform right actions given the opportunity.
(B) each was a realization that morality was an internal struggle that individuals made.
(C) divine intervention was necessary to effect positive change within human societies.
(D) each idea was used to control and order their societies.
68. Daoism taught that humans: (KC2.1)
(A) controlled their natural realm.
(B) would be rewarded in the afterlife.
(C) must find balance with nature.
(D) required careful and calculated laws to control them.
69. To help govern the Han Dynasty, emperors relied on: (KC2.2)
(A) a massive military structure to deport undesirables and impose fear in the population.
(B) an ideology that combined Legalism and Daoism in a popular format for the peasantry.
(C) a system that channeled wealth to the periphery gaining localized support.
(D) local leaders who studied Confucianism at national universities.
70. Which of the following BEST describes the Silk Road? (KC2.3)
(A) A trade route linking the Mediterranean and East Asia.
(B) The Han Dynasty's main route for the movement of military forces within the empire.
(C) The circuit traveled by Central Asian nomads as they moved their herds around their territory.
(D) The route connecting Northern China and South East Asia which brought spices to the Han
Dynasty.