Article 370 - The Untold Story Indian Defence Review

11 June, 2014
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Home > News > Homeland Security > Article 370: The untold story
Homeland Security
Article 370: The untold story
323 votes cast
By Maj Gen Sheru Thapliyal

Issue Vol 26.1 Jan-Mar 2011 | Date : 27 May , 2014
Troops patrol in Kashmir

It is often not realized that among the causes of Kashmir problem inclusion of plebiscite in the Instrument of Accession,
reference of Kashmir to UN, halting Indian offensive when it was poised to drive out the invaders from Kashmir, Article
370 has played no less a part in preventing J&K from becoming an integral part of the Indian Union. Not many people
are aware as how and why this Article was formulated and included in the Indian Constitution despite grave misgivings of
Sardar Patel and indeed a large number of the members of Congress Working Committee and Constituent Assembly.
Article 370 was worked out in late 1947 between Sheikh Abdullah, who had by then been appointed Prime Minister of
J&K by the Maharaja and Nehru, who kept the Kashmir portfolio with himself and kept Sardar Patel, the home minister,
away from his legitimate function. Hence Nehru is answerable to all acts of commission and omission, consequences of
which we are suffering till date as far as J&K is concerned.
Why should a state of the Indian Union have a special status? It conveys a wrong signal
not only to Kashmiris but also to the separatists, Pakistan and indeed the international
community that J&K is still to become integral part of India, the sooner Article 370 is
done away is better.
While it was Mountbatten who persuaded Nehru to take the J&K issue to the UN, it was Sheikh Abdullah, who, driven
by his ambition to be ruler of an independent Kashmir and his hatred for the Maharaja, persuaded Nehru to give special
status to J&K. Among his reasons were occupation of one third of J&K by Pakistan, reference to the UN and
plebiscite. The most sinister aspect of proposed Article 370 was the provision that any changes could be brought about
in it only by the concurrence of J&K assembly. Nehrus promise that Article 370 was a temporary provision and will get
eroded over a period of time has turned out to be a chimera. The first thing that Sheikh Abdullah got done was to abolish
hereditary monarchy and redesignate him as Sadar-e-Riyasat who was to be elected by the Assembly. The accession of
J&K State into Indian Union was approved by J&K Assembly only in 1956.
Dramatis Personal
Jawahar Lal Nehru The handsome Harrow educated aristocrat who gave up a life of luxury to join the freedom
movement. Babus choose heir and darling of the masses, he had a fatal flaw. He cared for personalities rather than
issues and institutions, be it selection of Lord Mountbatten as the first Governor General of free India, retaining a senior
British officer as the Commander-in-Chief of India Army or backing Sheikh Abdullah to the hilt his choices were
unfortunate. Finally the Chinese aggression of 1962 shattered his image of a world statesman.
Sardar Patel The Iron Man of India silent, strong and pragmatic with a complete hold on congress party organization
rightly credited with creating a unified India by integrating 565 princely states in it he would have included Kashmir
also in it if allowed to do so by Nehru. The only blot on him was the insinuation that he failed to protect his beloved
Bapu. The slur only hastened his end in Dec 1950.
Nehrus promise that Article 370 was a temporary provision and will get eroded over a
period of time has turned out to be a chimera.
Sheikh Mohammed Abdullah Charismatic Kashmiri leader who never let go of his dream of ruling an independent
Kashmir even while masquerading as a secularist architect of Article 370 along with Nehru. He must share with Nehru
the grave consequences. Lion of Kashmir brought Nehru under his spell from 1938 onwards to the extent that in May
1947 when he was arrested by the Maharaja for sedition, Nehru represented Sheikh as his lawyer and was even arrested
in Jun 1947 by the Maharaja while trying to enter J&K. Finally Nehru had to eat the humble pie by arresting Sheikh
Abdullah for sedition on 9 Aug 1953.
Maharaja Hari Singh The Maharaja saw an opportunity at the end of British Raj to keep Kashmir as the Switzerland
of the East. Trying to repeat history when his ancestors Maharaja Gulab Singh and Ranbir Singh gained handsome
dividends by keeping aloof during the Sikh War and Great Mutiny, Hari Singh tried to sign a standstill Agreement with
India and Pak at the time of independence, Pakistan signed, India declined. Maharaja died a lonely man, forced to
abdicate and exiled from his beloved land.
The Drama Unfolds
Having finalized the text of Article 370 with Sheikh Abdullah, Nehru brought in Gopalaswamy Ayyangar, IAS, as a
minister without portfolio to help him deal with Kashmir portfolio and plead the case of Article 370 in the Constituent
Assembly. Gopalaswamy Ayyangar had been prime minister of Kashmir for six years with Maharaja Hari Singh. When
Sardar Patel expressed his misgivings, this is what Nehru had to say on Dec 27, 1947.
Gopalaswamy Ayyangar has been especially asked to help in Kashmir matters. Both for this reason and because of his
intimate knowledge and experience of Kashmir, he had to be given full latitude. I really do not know where the States
Ministry (Sardar Patels ministry) comes into the picture except that it should be kept informed for the steps taken. All
this was done at my instance and I do not propose to abdicate my functions in regard to matters for which I consider
myself responsible. May I say that the manner of approach to Gopalaswamy was hardly in keeping with the courtesy due
to a colleague.
It speaks volumes of Patels loyalty to a colleague that despite his own and others
misgivings, he managed to convince the members of Constituent Assembly and
Congress Party Executive. But to V Shankar he said Jawaharlal Royega.
The Sardar thereupon resigned and the matter fell in Gandhijis lap to bring the two colleagues together. During this
period, V Shankar, IAS was the personal secretary to Patel and had maintained a record of all events. It is clear from
these records that Nehru finalized the draft of Article 370 alongwith Sheikh Abdullah without even informing Patel.
Thereafter it fell to Gopalaswamy Ayyangar to get the draft passed in the Constituent Assembly discussions. The
proposal was torn to pieces by the Constituent Assembly and also Congress Party Executive.
Nehru, who was abroad at the time, swallowed his pride and rang up Patel and requested him to get the Article 370
approved It speaks volumes of Patels loyalty to a colleague that despite his own and others misgivings, he managed to
convince the members of Constituent Assembly and Congress Party Executive. But to V Shankar he said Jawaharlal
Royega. V Shankar, in his record has described the meeting of the Congress Executive Committee The meeting was
one of the stormiest I have ever witnessed barring the party meeting which discussed the proposition relating to Rajaji
becoming the first President of Indian Republic. The opinion in opposition to Gopalaswamys formula was forcefully and
even militantly expressed and the issue even brought in the sovereignty of the Constituent Assembly to draw up the
Constitution without being tied down to the apron-strings of the Kashmir State Constituent Assembly. In such a situation
even Maulana Azad was shouted down.
The Party was in uproar. The Sardar had to plead that because of the international complications, a provisional approach
alone could be made leaving the question of final relationship to be worked out according to the exigencies of the
situation and mutual feelings and confidence that would have been by then created. Once the Sardar had taken charge, all
opposition to the draft was silenced And how Nehru responded to this great act of loyalty on part of Sardar? On 24
July 1952, after Sardar was no more, Nehru made a detailed statement on Kashmir in the Parliament on slow integration
of Kashmir into India Union and mentioned that Sardar Patel was all the time dealing with these matters. Even
Gopalaswami Ayyangar was dismayed at this blatant lie and mentioned to V Shankar It is an ill return to the Sardar for
the magnanimity he had shown in accepting Panditjis point of view against his better judgment.
Consequences of Article 370
Article 370 has been the biggest impediment to integration of J&K State into Indian Union. That it was incorporated in
the Indian Constitution by the machination of two individuals Shiekh Abdullah and Nehru is all the more regrettable.
Nehru had to eat the humble pie when he had to arrest the Sheikh for his divisive and anti national stance on 8 Aug 1953
but he did not let go of his concept of keeping J&K a separate entity. In 1957, some top leaders of National Conference
led by Mr Qasim split the party and formed a group called Democratic National Conference (DNC).
Article 370, included in the Constitution on a temporary provision should have been
gradually abrogated. This has not happened in sixty years.
It had abrogation of Article 370 on its agenda. Nehru would not brook any opposition to his policy of keeping J&K a
separate entity. He told the leaders that a new threat (China) is emerging and it is an inopportune time to raise this issue
and forced them to drop their demand. Nehru thereafter decided to withdraw the Kashmir conspiracy case against
Sheikh Abdullah. This case had been going on since May 21, 1958. The formal orders however were issued by Govt of
India on 8 April 1964.
It is often forgotten that J&K state is not a homogeneous entity. Apart from Valley Muslims, Jammu has a predominantly
Hindu population while Ladakh has a mix of Buddhist and Muslims. Then you have the Gujjars & Bakarwals. Why is
Article 370 detrimental to the full integration of J&K state into Indian Union. Firstly the Central Govt can make laws only
with concurrence of the State govt, practically giving it the Veto power. Article 352 and 360 for declaration of national
and financial emergency respectively cannot be applied in Kashmir. While a citizen of India has only Indian citizenship,
J&K citizens have two citizenships. Anti Defection Law is not applicable to J&K. No outsider can buy property in J&K
state.
The beneficial laws such as Wealth Tax, Gift Tax & Urban Land Ceiling Act and intermarriage with other Indian nationals
do not operate in J&K State. Even Article 356 under which President of India can impose his rule in any state cannot be
enforced in J&K without consent of the Governor who himself is an appointee of the President. State of J&K can refuse
building of any cantonment on any site or refuse to allot land for defence purposes.
Article 370, included in the Constitution on a temporary provision should have been gradually abrogated. This has not
happened in sixty years. In fact whenever someone mentions this, vested interests raise an outcry that legitimate rights of
Kashmiris are being trampled upon. Stated agenda of National Conference is return to pre 1953 status. Why should a
state of Indian Union have a special status? It conveys a wrong signal not only to Kashmiris but also to the separatists,
Pakistan and indeed the international community that J&K is still to become integral part of India, the sooner Article 370
is done away is better.
=======================================================================
Article 370 of the Constitution of India
Temporary Provisions with respect to the State of Jammu & Kashmir
1. Notwithstanding anything in this constitution:
(a) The provisions of Article 238 shall not apply in relation to the State of Jammu & Kashmir.
(b) The power of Parliament to make laws for the said state shall be limited to
(i) those matters in the Union List and the Concurrent List which in consultation with the Government of the State,
are declared by the President to correspond to matters specified in the Instrument of Accession governing the
accession of State to the Dominion of India as the matters with respect to which the Dominion Legislature may make
laws for that State and
(ii) Such other matters in the Said Lists as, with the concurrence of the Govt of the State, the President may, by
order specify.
1. Explanation. For the purposes of this Article, the Govt of the State means the person for the time being
recognized by the President as Maharaja of Jammu & Kashmir acting on the advice of the council of Ministers
for the time being in office under the Maharajas Proclamation dated the fifty day of March 1948.
(c) The provisions of Article (1) and of this Article shall apply in relation to this State;
(d) Such of the other provisions of this Constitution shall apply in relation to that State Subject to such exceptions and
modifications as the President may by order specify;
Provided that no such order which related to the matters specified in the Instrument of Accession of the State referred to
in paragraph (i) of sub clause (1) shall be issued except in consultation with the govt of the State.
Provided further that no such order which relates to matters other than those referred to in the last proceeding proviso
shall be issued except with the concurrence of the Govt of the State.
(2) If the concurrence of the Govt of the State referred to in para (ii) of Sub Clause (b) of Clause (1) be given
before the Constituent Assembly for the purpose of framing the Constitution of the State is concerned. It shall be
placed before such Assembly for such decision as it may take thereon.
(3) Notwithstanding the anything in the foregoing provisions of the article, the President may, by public notification,
declare that this Article shall cease to be operative or shall be operative only with such exceptions and modifications
and from such date as he may notify.
Provided that the recommendation of the Constituent Assembly of the State referred to in Clause (2) shall be necessary
before the President issues such a notification.
=======================================================================
References
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
India Betrayed The Role of Nehru -Brigadier BN Sharma

Lost Decades -Nani Palkhiwala
Atish-E-Chinar -Sheikh Abdullah
Partition Plan -Alan Campbell Johnson
Correspondence of Sardar Patel -Durga Das
Kashmir 1947 - Rival Versions of History -Prem Shankar Jha
My Frozen Turbulence in Kashmir -Jagmohan
My Reminiscences of Sardar Patel -V Shankar
Appendix A Article 370
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78 thoughts on Article 370: The untold story
1.
MC on June 10, 2014 at 9:26 pm said:

Thanks Major.
I really hope people get to read your page instead of show-off media bereft of any real content or details.
Seeing the complexities of a democracy like this with so many mind games and deceptions played over for more
than a century now, by so many different groups and people, I sometimes dont have much hope. But then
miracles can happen any time.
My best wishes to you !
Kind Regards,
MC
Like(0) Reply Report Abuse
2.
ashok kumar on June 10, 2014 at 7:34 pm said:

The mistakes done by Pt J L Nehru are serious in nature. Due to these mistakes the whole nation are suffering till
date. In other hand, he also introduced good policies which were in the welfare of people were also worked as
base of our growing economy as well as developing country. If we are getting benefits from the policies run by him
and his leadership so we will also have to be suffer from his wrong policies and leadership because we are the
people who elected him and given the right to take decisions on such issues.
3.
Ravinder Kumar on June 6, 2014 at 3:54 pm said:

Respected Sir
You have given much detailed information on the Article 370 by throwing light from historical perspective as to
how this provisional arrangement of Article 370 came into being. But you havent even made a mention as to how
even being chairman of the drafting committee of constitution, Dr. B.R. Ambedkar refused to constitute any such
provision under article 370 on the advice of Pt. Nehru. He didnt even participated in the discussion on this article
in constituent assembly even when he discussed other articles. That day all the answers regarding this article 370
were given by Gopalaswamy Ayyanggar.
Thanks!
Like(0)
4.
Reply Report Abuse
Anand Shahi on June 4, 2014 at 7:38 pm said:

Article 370 is curse for Indias democracy as wellas security. It is very ridiculous that it has been ignored for such
long time. Basically due to lack of political will. To get smoothness with pakistan China and terrorism it is ezsential
that Indian Government should get hold o J&k. It should be discussed in parliament along with views of Army and
experts.
5.
Bidyotpal Gogoi on June 4, 2014 at 1:09 pm said:

Article 370 was a lack of foresight of Pandit Nehru, who got influenced by Sheikh Abdulla, into getting this article
drafted in the Constituent Asembly. It was a collosal failure of Nehru, who had only dreamt of curving out an
International Image for himself. His move was wisely opposed by the then Law Minister, Baba Saheb Ambedkar,
who minched no words in saying that it would be treaserous on his part to sign off in such an Anti India article.
Nehru took the help of Sardar Patel to convince the Constituent Assembly , who against his own judgement
decided to bail Nehru out of the mistrust the former Premier faced in the floor of the house. Nehru lacked foresight
not only in his dealing in Kashmir, but also his Pancheel agreement with China leading to the Himalayan Blunder.
Article 370 needs to be scrapped since J&K is an integral part of India, and in the interest of a Sovereign
undivided India, the article 370 should be scrapped for good.
6.
MAHESWAR DEKA on June 4, 2014 at 6:12 am said:

Jammu and Kashmir became a part of India because the then the Maharaja of Kashmir Hari Singh signed the
treaty to join the union of India. As such Kashmir is just an Indian state like other states.Therefore,there is no
justification to make Kashmir a special state. Hence, article 370 of the Indian constitution should be abrogated
7.
kanu on June 1, 2014 at 8:33 pm said:

Kashmir is part of India ,why we have to discuss about 370 all Indian have same right do not make different
Hindu, Muslim etc.
who love Hindustan he have right who hit Bharat he have no any right dozen matter he is Hindu.
8.
Thangavelan Sivakumar on May 31, 2014 at 2:51 am said:

Nehrus himalayan blunder in seeking UN intervention in December48, at the very time Indian forces were gaining
the upper hand & pushing back the Pakistani soldiers disguised as tribals, continues to bleed India dry nearly 70
years later ! Had Nehru exercised some patience and reined in his desire to be world statesman, the whole of
Kashmir wouldve been Indian ! Nehru in his vainglorious bid to appease all, followed up with the Article 370,
which remains an ugly scar on the face of India and goes against the very grain of a United India.One India !
One Nation !
9.
Bharatheeyan on May 31, 2014 at 12:33 am said:

India and Indians are paying the price for Nehrus wicked machinations. The best India can do is to ensure that
Nehrus decedents or the party he represented never gets to rule India again
10.
V. Janardhanan Menon on May 30, 2014 at 9:09 pm said:

I cant understand why so much fuss is being made of the procedure for abrogation of Article 370. Let us get it
clear. Article 370 is a part of the Constitution of India. This means that the rules for amendment of the constitution
invariably applies to this Article also..
Article 370 says Article 238 (repealed in 1956) does not apply to J&K hence irrelevant
It restricts the power of the parliament to make laws for the state but does not state that the Article itself cannot be
repealed!
Hence to delete the Article 370, all that is required is a constitution amendment bill introduced in the parliament
and passed by a majority of not less than two-thirds of the members of each House present and voting and a
majority of the total membership of each House.
As someone rightly said It is difficult to conceive a simpler method of amending the Constitution!
But then, it is equally difficult to convince the majority in the parliament since it is always partys interest over that
of the Nation.
11.
Kishore on May 30, 2014 at 6:11 pm said:

Nehru was an elitist but equally to blame is Gandhi because he is the one who let Nehru become PM.
Salutations to Sardar, what a great son of India!
12.
Rahul Pariihar on May 30, 2014 at 5:47 pm said:

Its really unfortunate that why, the govt. of that was not able to solve the issue. its just like that you had given the
candy in childs hand, and now asking to return backif the things are in the hand of J&K assembly, and Rajya
& Lok sabha.how it will get sorted out because J&K parties are already against it. and another question arises
that whats the need to given special treatment to J&K, why cant we treat it as normal?
13.
Abc on May 29, 2014 at 11:26 pm said:

It is all Nehru blunders that India is paying for, for past 65 years. It must be stopped once and for all. Nehru has
betrayed this nation in all his acts. He was a Democratic Dictator for most critical 17 initial years after the
independence. And he masterly screwed up.
Manoj on May 30, 2014 at 10:50 am said:
Yeah, Nehru was such a short sighted person. He took many wrong decisions just to fulfill his selfish
motives.
Bharatheeyan on May 31, 2014 at 12:39 am said:
The entire Nehru family has been a liability for India and the country took over 65 years to realize it. Let us
hope the legacy is buried, once and for all
14.
Anshul Jain on May 29, 2014 at 8:42 pm said:

Thanks Maj Gen Sheru Thapliyal for this brief article and helping us understand Article 370. I understand that the
dirty politics of current India is a process of evolution which started with the first government of Independent India
and the secular man Jawaharlal Nehru. Its unfortunate that loyal and Men of honor like Sardar Patel are forgotten
for their incomparable contributions.
15.
DrRCRout on May 29, 2014 at 8:38 pm said:

It is unjust for our vast and powerful country
16.
Santy on May 29, 2014 at 7:17 pm said:

If we cant remove article 370, then we must include some laws which dilute it.
17.
Dr.H.D.Waikar on May 29, 2014 at 6:59 pm said:

Fantastic article.Worth reading to understand Article 370,and betrayal by Nehru & Sheikh Abdullah
18.
shyamsunder on May 29, 2014 at 4:59 pm said:

we should create jammu including laddakh as separate state and kashmir another state with separete state
assembly and other requirment as andhra has been divided . artcle 370 is is an unwisdom act of our ancester for
which we are paying the price in terms of life and state.let 370 operate only in kashmir.it requires iron will on the
part of republic.
19.
Sapna on May 29, 2014 at 2:12 pm said:

We need to apply all Indian Rule on Kasmir make force for apply we are with you !
20.
MS Gharat on May 29, 2014 at 1:05 pm said:

My question is does PoK has a similar special status article ? Which I am sure they do not have, why should
Kashmir have it ? Another reason Article 370 has become redundant, as this was a TEMPORARY provision,
so it should have been done away years ago.
21.
A R C Varma on May 29, 2014 at 12:39 pm said:

The people of Kashmir who tend to oppose Article 370 do not understand it fully. Once this is abolished, there
will be tremendous progress in Kashmir. Instead of living on Indian Money they will earn a lot on their own. They
will also get respect from Pakistan and also from the terrorist in POK.
22.
Indian on May 29, 2014 at 11:50 am said:

A370 has to become history. Please do not view this as anti muslim debate or political browny points issue. This is
an issue of our Indian interests. When we speak day and night like a parrot that Kashmir is an integral part of India
then why this article. Why it has to be treated differently from any other states of India. Kashmiri politicians have
been fooling Kashmiris for the last 70 years. They talk of Kashmiriyat but they never talk about the Hindus that
had to leave the state because of terrorism. Why they could not be protected. Nobody even talk about re-settling
them. Their homes have been looted and burnt in Kashmir. We have to come together to support them. Lets bring
backtheir long due respect. We have played in the hands of terrorists instead of giving them a tough answer. Jai
Hind!!
Rohit on May 29, 2014 at 11:55 am said:
Agree.
Jai hind
India First. Sabse pehle Hindustan.
23.
Raj on May 29, 2014 at 10:30 am said:

Thank you Maj ThapliyaI. It is high time that we had an open debate on Article 370 in the parliament. Those who
believe abrogating it would mean trampling over the rights of the Kashmiris, present your case. Never in the history
was such a foolish arrangement made jeopardizing national security of over a billion people by a handful based on
politics. Sixty years have gone by since this document was created, despite the fact that it was considered a
temporary agreement when signed. Look over the damages of this idiotic act. Article 370 has facilitated an anti-
Indian governance in the state where each political party shouts out political, religious and ethnic separation from
India, louder than the next one. The enemy across the border has found this to be a perfect arrangement for
infiltration and subversive activities. The Indian government seems to be powerless, continues to pump enormous
doles from the exchequer to keep the state afloat and has nothing to show for all the investments. Kashmir state
laws preventing ownership of property by people from outside the state have essentially guaranteed the economic
development near zero. On a broader scale, Indias Pakistani sponsored terrorism has been rooted in Article 370.
It has legitimized Pakistani agents in Kashmir under the cover of separatist who are funded and fueled by the
enemy. It is disingenuous on part of Omar Abdullah to turn his back on India on the matter of abrogation of Article
370. For India to move forward, national integration from North to South and East to West is a fundamental
necessity. The debate to abrogate Article 370 must proceed full steam ahead, lawfully and openly, in the halls of
the parliament. If a constitutional amendment is required for abrogation, so be it. The Indian state of Kashmir is not
just a piece of geography in the far North, it is a frontier where India faces eye-ball to eye-ball, not one but two
mortal enemies of the largest secular democracy in the world
24.
akash on May 29, 2014 at 9:23 am said:

I totally agree to all the information you have given in this article and even i was known to most of it, but i could not
understand one thing that why our own PM (nehru ji) was trying to destruct our future.
Why we the people of this country always choose such persons to be our leaders who do such wrongful acts.
Its been more than 60 years since we got our independence but more than 80% of our political leaders were
corrupt or pervert.
Why is it that anyone who comes into power is proven to be wrong choice?
25.
Daljit Singh on May 29, 2014 at 9:14 am said:

JAWAHAR LAL NEHRU FUCKED UP EVERYTHING IN INDIA JUST TO BE PRIME MANISTER OF
INDIA.
26.
asit guin on May 29, 2014 at 9:06 am said:

Article-370 is an integral part of the constitution, which has made Kashmir an integral part of India. Attacking this
article is an anti-national act, because this is equivalent to attack the constitution. War does not start in the
battlefield. War starts in politics. This is impossible and absurd, that union ministers will declare civil war against
Kashmir and Kashmir ministers will control it. Those who are declaring civil war against Kashmir everyday, in the
form of attacking article-370, they have to come forward to take the load of civil war, including load of refugees.
27.
Naren on May 29, 2014 at 6:56 am said:
After so many wars over J&K and the decision of people of the J&K region to stay on the India side of the de
facto border, has made the referred to article irrelevant after the wars. Wars have decided which parts of J&K are
integral part of India, and the PoK part with the occupiers should be taken back by India if there are any moves
made against India by anyone.
28.
Arun Rawat on May 29, 2014 at 1:04 am said:

sir the whole article is full knowlegde, untold truth. after reading this whole article and even before reading this
article one question arises in my mind that is what would happen if indian govt forcefully integrate the jammu and
kashmir and make a part of indian union? what stops indian govt in doing so? please answer
atish dixit on May 29, 2014 at 3:25 am said:
It will only weaken Indias image at the International stage, we will be called a aggressive invader. I totally
agree that article 370 should be demolished as soon as possible, but we must try to get it done through
democratic and parliamentary ways, and must refrain from any type of violence. It will be great if Govt.Of
India officially launches some programme (through TV, Newspapers,city-village level conferences and
debates) both in J&K and India to explain, educate and convince people that how article 370 has only
hindered growth and prosperity in J&K, and how state will do much better after its truly complete
integration with India. Also we must make sure that NC & PDP people dont use this issue as a political
rhetoric.
29.
Manish on May 29, 2014 at 12:45 am said:

Opposition to Article 370 in the Indian Constitution : Ambedkar was against Article 370 in the Constitution, which
gives a special status to the State of Jammu and Kashmir, and it was put against his wishes. Balraj Madhok
reportedly said, Ambedkar had clearly told Sk. Abdullah: You wish India should protect your borders, she
should build roads in your area, she should supply you food grains, and Kashmir should get equal status as India.
But Government of India should have only limited powers and Indian people should have no rights in Kashmir. To
give consent to this proposal, would be a treacherous thing against the interests of India and I, as the Law Minister
of India, will never do it. Then Sk. Abdullah went to Nehru, who directed him to Gopal Swami Ayyangar, who
approached Sardar Patel asking him to do something as it was a matter of prestige of Nehru, who has promised
Sk. Abdullah accordingly. Patel got it passed when Nehru was on foreign tour. On the day this article came up for
discussion, Ambedkar did not reply to questions on it though he did participate on other articles. All arguments
were done by Krishna Swami Ayyangar
30.
A. K. Sharma on May 28, 2014 at 8:00 pm said:

General, there was no IAS in 1947. This article, therefore, not based on thorough research and is thus not
infallible.
R L Ramakrishnan on May 28, 2014 at 10:19 pm said:
Sir, IAS was formed in 1946. Please check en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indian_Administrative_Service
31.
Anshul on May 28, 2014 at 5:33 pm said:

Why kashmiri muslims do not want to live with kashmiri pandits ?
32.
babu ram on May 28, 2014 at 3:46 pm said:

As long as we have Art 370 J and K will remain an open issue and Pak will keep raising this issue at different fora.
like rest of the country Indian Constitution should prevail here too.
33.
line on May 28, 2014 at 9:27 am said:

article 370 drafted with MAL intention to kill 5 lakh kashmiri pandits kill the maharaja of kashmir. and agaist indian
democracy rule, abdullas dynasty want to rule for ever join hands with pakisthan ( create terrotists) and attack
india every often..
first scrap this 370 and protect india..
34.
ashraf on May 26, 2014 at 8:37 pm said:

sir,
for a person as old as you are.you really have your facts twisted .but kudos for your lively imagination.it
has really made the article an interesting read!!
Ayan on May 28, 2014 at 1:47 pm said:
continue enjoying the special status ,and keep supporting paki bastards while being fed Indian food!! works
for your breed,huh sucker???
35.
Azim on May 26, 2014 at 3:51 pm said:

Its all about accession of land to the so called democratic Indian Nation, but nobody is willing to know what
people of that land want.
Nations are creates by the people and are destroyed by the people as well.
Abrogate Article 370 (destroys Kashmir)
Keeping it (Saves it)
.
As for as author of this volume is concerned. He is a die hard Indian, their is no way he would be thinking for the
benefit of Kashmiris.
Better keep ur (Indians) ass on ground rather being kicked of from Kashmir.
Ayan on May 28, 2014 at 1:45 pm said:
As for as author of this volume is concerned. He is a die hard Indian
yes,he is and a proud one at that, you are nothing but a leacher sucking off the blood of this nation and
licking the boots off the other one. its YOU and the likes of you who should be kicked off the face of the
land coz your breed belongs nowhere,,neither in India nor in Pak!!
J on May 28, 2014 at 3:10 pm said:
If referendum is really what you seek then first bring back all the Kashimiri Pandits and Buddhist back to
their land and then we will see the result.
yash on May 28, 2014 at 5:41 pm said:
The letter ofaccession by the king of kashmir was given to the Republic of Indiaso there is no question
offering its people their opinionNehru made a blunderwell as we saw many blundershistorically,
culturally and geographically kashmir was, is and will be a part of Indiaas mentioned in the Indian
constitution itself, article 370 is a temporary provision
Just because the population is majority Muslim and genocide carried out on kashmir pundits doesnt make it
a Pakistan state
36.
Himanshu Gandhi on May 25, 2014 at 4:10 pm said:

For real progress in Jammu & Kashmir few ducks have to fall in to place, with
1. concerted efforts to better integrate J & K into the overall fabric of India and for that to be
accomplished
2. fabric of India, overall, needs to be strengthened by rejuvenating what is means to be an Indian defining
progress as not just more bells and whistles carried over from the west but strong emphasis on virtues and
core values espoused in all faiths and for that to happen
3. political establishments across the nation need to unified in pursuit of such goal and for that happen
4. each and every one who calls for India to be a strong entity needs to embrace such value system in their own
daily lives and make concerted effort to live by the same.
37.
Amit upadhyay on May 23, 2014 at 11:21 am said:

How disgusting .!mr.j.l.nehru was the only victim of article 370.
38.
Sankar on April 8, 2014 at 6:27 am said:

The Maharaja saw an opportunity at the end of British Raj to keep Kashmir as the Switzerland of the East this
is just this authors imagination. I have read somewhere (also in Dalvis book?) the Maharaja insisted at the time of
partition that Sialkot must belong to India, otherwise he could not join the Indian Union. The reasoning was
obvious, at that time all the railroad connection to Kashmir passed through Sialkot. Without Sialkot, road
communication with Delhi would disappear. There is a parallel here right after partition the connection to Assam
was by air-link only (food supply etc). It took time for India to build road linking Assam to the mainland.
Obviously, without Sialkot in Indian hands the Maharaja was left in lurches.
39.
Dr. kaushik chaudhary on March 21, 2014 at 1:34 pm said:

Oh god what to tell this power hungry and bogus Naheru.. He ruined this country and still no body is coming to tell
this openly against the contry.. How long we will be misrepresented by such a domish polititian and his ancestrors..
Pleasr please someone make a film showing Sardar Patel and Naherus roll in the post independence the
issues Atleast now countrys this generation must know who was the hero and who was the villain?
40.
daya sagar on March 3, 2014 at 8:00 pm said:

Those who have called Art-370 as a bridge to link J&K with India need to know that Jammu Kashmir Rajay
acceded with India through Instrument of Accession as signed by Maharaj Hari Singh and not through any thing
like Art-370. Maharaja Hari Singh has no where said in the accession document that it is being done after taking
consent of the people of Jammu Kashmir ( Kashmir Ghati) and there was also no condition in the Indian
Independence Act 1947 for such consent. In part-XXI of Constitution of India Art-370 is mentioned as
Temporary Provisions wrt the State of Jammu and Kashmir, so do those who plead that Art-370 can not go or
can not be amended mean to say that the Authors of Constitution of India had temporarily included J&K in
territory of India? In case they opine so then any fair mind would surely take pity on them.It should also be
understood that at Art 370( 1-c) it has been mentioned that the provisions of article I and of this article shall apply
in relation to that State and it is not because Art-1 applies through Art-370 but Art-1 has been mentioned along
with Article -370 there to demonstrate that Art-1 is totally an Indian Union subject ( Union subject) and no any
clarifications / interpretations are to be made concerning any matter pertaining to Article-1 as has otherwise been
made regarding other subjects to be seen as subjects of Union or State list.
And there is no reference of grant of Special Status or Autonomy to J&K in article-370 or in any other chapter /
article of Constitution of India.
Had such issues been clarified in 1950s, there would have been no much controversies about J&K. Any how still
corrections could be applied.
As far as I know Sheikh was not appointed interim Prime Minister of J&K in 1947.
daya sagar senior coloumnist / social activist dayasagr45@yahoo.com
41.
ajay kumar goel on December 7, 2013 at 1:48 am said:

WELL WRITTEN-SPEAKS VOLUMETREAT FOR EYS AND YEARS
42.
Murali Ravi on December 6, 2013 at 8:27 pm said:

Sardar patel was also equally responsible for the mess if he indeed as the article suggests, decided to convince the
parliament of the usefulness of article 370. Sardar should have said no to Nehru.
43.
omnamo on December 5, 2013 at 10:58 pm said:

This is a populist article. The article is not properly referenced therefore not believable.
Sankar on April 8, 2014 at 6:12 am said:
I fully agree with you !
44.
Dr.Balpreet on December 5, 2013 at 4:24 pm said:
Please share the source of information (give references)to make it authentic.

45.
MCS on December 5, 2013 at 9:51 am said:

Maj Thapliyals comments are thought provoking. Why is India in this mess? Article 370 was a strategy debacle
when the constitution was created. It has given special status to Kashmir for the last sixty years with no end in
sight. Whether we accept it or not, it is being interpreted by the other side that India will turn Kashmir over to
Pakistan when the time is ripe. The political parties in Kashmir are nothing more than agents of the enemy playing
second fiddle to this notion. The appalling reality is that the duly elected members of the Indian government by their
kowtowing the separatist are signaling Pakistan and the terrorists to continue on their terrorism path until Kashmir
is handed over to them. We need a new direction and it cannot come from the foggy headed dhoti-prassads
occupying the inner sanctum of the Delhi government
46.
sanjay on December 4, 2013 at 4:10 am said:

This is startling, This raises question on Pandit Nehrus integrity?
47.
M.Padmanabhan on December 3, 2013 at 8:11 pm said:

Congress appeasement of minorities have run amok. Kashmir has enjoyed special treatment for the last 66 years.
Make it a part of integral India by scrapping Article 370. Nowhere in the world this kind of lop sided blind
support of a particular region is possible or even evident. Just because Mr. Nehru was born in Kashmir and he
wanted to have it a sa part of India, he has to resort to this dastardly act. India can protect and save Kashmir even
with out the Article 370.
48.
SIDDHRAAJ on December 3, 2013 at 7:45 pm said:

SAB LOGO KE PAS AAPKE VICHAR TABHI JAYENGE JAB AAP ISE HINDI ME LIKHENGE
PLEASE WRITE IN HINDI IF POSSIBLE
49.
Devendra Sharma on December 3, 2013 at 6:21 pm said:

It is good starts to talk about the article 370
Which the people will have benefit or not
50.
Mchand on December 3, 2013 at 9:52 am said:

Article 370 was the most divisive idea of the foolish minds who were entrusted with the writing of the constitution.
India today is reaping the misfortunes. Pakistan and China will continue to terrorize, brutalize and marginalize a
nation of 1.2 billions because the nation is leaderless and article 370 is the excuse for terrorism in Kashmir. The
first priority for India is to remove article 370 for the sake of national unity and security. This is an internal matter
for India and no foreign nation can have any say. The people of Kashmir must be treated under the same
constitution with individual freedom and rights as the rest of the nation. There is no basis for creating a separate
status for a state of India that is one of the most strategic part of the nation in terms of defense, water source and
national boundaries.
51.
shashank k mehta on December 2, 2013 at 11:27 pm said:

Since independence India has spent billions of rupees on and thousands of her brave soldiers have lost their lives
to keep Kashmir with India. Nehru was neither
a man with vision nor competent to lead a nation of the size of India.
Perhaps India would not have remained a bagger and a loser state had Nehru and his clan not been at the helm.
52.
S. Suchindranath Aiyer on December 2, 2013 at 11:43 am said:

Like so many other evils, Article 370 was born, like partition itself, and that symbol of Indian sado-masochism:
Aurnagzeb Road in the fevered imaginings and ambitions of the progenitor of the Post-Independence Indian
National Khangress. Shri Jabberlal Neck-screw: It is not entirely correct to say that Kashmir was aloof during the
Sikh Wars. It was, in many ways, a product of those tumultous times that is so well captured inSoldiers Sehebs
by Charles Allen.
53.
Raja on December 1, 2013 at 11:51 pm said:

@ for the purposes of this Article, the Govt of the State means the person for the time being recognized by the
President as Maharaja of Jammu & Kashmir acting on the advice of the council of Ministers for the time being in
office under the Maharajas Proclamation dated the fifty day of March 1948..
What is the relevance of this explanation when the institution of Rulers was abolished and Art. 366(22) was
amended by the 26Th Amendment to the constitution ? Or do you think as for as J& K, Mr. Karan Singh still
remains as the Maharaja for the limited purpose of Art. 370 ?
54.
PUNEET on November 21, 2013 at 3:11 pm said:

Really useful article, sir. Highly appreciate it.
55.
K R SUBRAMANIAN on September 29, 2013 at 7:52 pm said:

Dear Sir,
I had to read about Article 370 for a law course assignment and found this to be very clear and lucid. I suggest
you get this printed in main line newspapers in Hindi/ English and also the southern languages so that all Indians
come to know about the real story behind Kashmir and the festering wound that it is
56.
Prashant Sharma on July 19, 2013 at 11:53 am said:

Maj Gen saab let me take this honor to thank you for sharing such a crisp and precise piece of information which
as a reader I have been longing to read for long. Our readings and TV watching sessions are governed by the
govt. We read and view only what they want us to read and view.
I have been listening about Article 370 since when I was kid, Wikipedia also provided very technical information
about it, which as a lay man is hard to understand in terms of its consequences but your article was indeed an eye
opener.
57.
RAJA DR. ASHOK K. THAKUR on July 11, 2013 at 10:32 am said:

When all Princely States falls within the territory of India merged in India after 1947 then why we all are giving
different type of facility to Kashmir. Treat Kashmir like other states of India. Article 370 is curse for India, so omit
it for the unity and integrity of India. All citizens of India also want no more article 370 for Kashmir. Modern
politics is enjoying article 370 and using the same as weapon for vote which is very very dangerous.
58.
Mchand on July 6, 2013 at 10:49 pm said:

Article 370 is a dagger aimed at the heart of a democratic nation of 1.2 billion Hindus, Muslims, Christians, Siks
and others. In retrospect, it is hard to imagine any rationale or justification for taking a part of India and assigning,
in perpetuity, means for undoing the unity of the nation. Political expediency, lack of strategic view of the unfolding
environemt, appeasing a small minority whose allegiance had been in question all along, were factors singularly or
combined to explain what may have gone through the minds of the Indian Congress leaders at the time of partition.
The result today is a time-bomb ticking away which can reverberate devastatingly through the rest of India if
ignited. The smartest and the brightest need to rise to undo the harm. The following are some thoughts on this:
First, open a public dialogue to inform, educate and consul the population that this is a national matter, and not an
issue dealing with a small corner effectiing a minority population. Second, make a case based on national security
of India to do away with article 370. Regardless of the possible push back from the Pakistani sympathizers in the
Valley, the Indian government must move forward. The security of India cannot be bartered away to appease a
small minority population in the most strategically important part of India. Third, present policies and programs to
provide benefits, political freedom and rights to all the citizens of Kashmir same as any other Indian state. If a
minority resists to such a change they should be allowed to contest their positions in the Indian courts of law same
as any other state. If after the courts have spoken, whether the extremist accept the verdict of the courts or not,
the Indian law enforcement agencies should plan to enforce the laws of the nation. It is only India, not UN and not
Pakistan or its allies who will decide what is required to maintain the defence and integrity of India
59.
Brig A M Sharma,Retd on July 2, 2013 at 5:58 pm said:

Clear , lucid and to the point. Very informative. Must read for all who do not want the muddle to be spread
around.
60.
Pankaj on June 30, 2013 at 9:35 pm said:

Dear Sir
.
Article 370 is a Useful TOOL for India for answering to Pakistans Friends
Namely the OIC ie whenever they raise concerns over the Situation in
Kashmir
.
Similarly The White Christian West through their Numerous
Agencies who cry for Human Rights while USA kills Millions in
Afghanistan and Iraq will come down heavily on India if we abolish Article 370
.
India has NO friends really
We have to be always careful
.
For those who criticise Article 370 must remember that As long as
Muslims are in a MAJORITY in Kashmir Valley The Pro Pakistan
feelings will always remain
.
We have to deal with it and live with it
dipak patel on July 2, 2013 at 12:00 am said:
Sorry to say but your argument in favor of #370 is stupid. Yes it is totally STUPID.
Country can not run with the fear and national interest must be prime of the nation and nation should not
compromise for that matter.
deshbhakt on September 17, 2013 at 10:45 am said:
Dear pankaj I want to tell you that you are highly dumb and timid. Because people like you india always
remains on the backfoot. Get rid of such pessimism if you want to see india as a real superpower. We
cannot think of appeasing a single community when our soldiers are being butchered at the loc. We have to
take strong steps internally and externally to be seen as a fearless nation, which unfortunately is not the case
right now because of such attitude.i would really like to see some bold steps by the indian government and
article 370 to be abolished.
61.
Pankaj on June 30, 2013 at 9:02 pm said:

Dear Sir
.
The Really Important Question is that Can the Indian State
provide Security to Non Muslims from Other Indian States if Article 370
is abolished and if some Non Muslims wish to settle in Kashmir
.
We have NOT been able to resettle Kashmiri Pandits back in the valley
.
So blaming Article 370 is NOT right
62.
Sangwan on June 28, 2013 at 6:28 pm said:

Grandiose dreams of international statesmanship at the cost of motherland.
63.
Col AK Verma (AEC) on April 3, 2013 at 9:18 pm said:

Sir, got to go through your informative writings and felt like conveying honest appreciation. Specially so the
expression of the Sardar Patel Jawahar Lal royega, is found something to be of a true depiction of the
conviction of courage
that the great man enjoyed in all its pure rawness.
May you be blessed with continuity with the gift of effective writing! Good luck and regards: Ashok
64.
Anand Purohit on March 19, 2013 at 11:46 pm said:

Article 370 violated the Instrument of Accession between Indian Government and the Kingdom of Kashmir which
was signed by Maharaja Hari Singh in 1947. Check out at http://www.bharatiyaanand.com/2013/03/jammu-andkashmir-series-part-ii.html
65.
CSM on December 3, 2012 at 12:25 am said:

CSM on December 1, 2012 at 9:44 am said:
Article 370 is a dagger aimed at the heart of a democratic nation of 1.2 billion Hindus, Muslims, Christians, Siks
and others. In retrospect, it is hard to imagine any rationale or justification for taking a part of India and assigning,
in perpetuity, means for undoing the unity of the nation. Political expediency, lack of strategic view of the unfolding
environemt, appeasing a small minority whose allegiance had been in question all along, were factors singularly or
combined to explain what may have gone through the minds of the Indian Congress leaders at the time of partition.
The result today is a time-bomb ticking away which can reverberate devastatingly through the rest of India if
ignited. The smartest and the brightest need to rise to undo the harm. The following are some thoughts on this:
First, open a public dialogue to inform, educate and consul the population that this is a national matter, and not an
issue dealing with a small corner effectiing a minority population. Second, make a case based on national security
of India to do away with article 370. Regardless of the possible push back from the Pakistani sympathizers in the
Valley, the Indian government must move forward. The security of India cannot be bartered away to appease a
small minority population in the most strategically important part of India. Third, present policies and programs to
provide benefits, political freedom and rights to all the citizens of Kashmir same as any other Indian state. If a
minority resists to such a change they should be allowed to contest their positions in the Indian courts of law same
as any other state. If after the courts have spoken, whether the extremist accept the verdict of the courts or not,
the Indian law enforcement agencies should plan to enforce the laws of the nation. It is only India, not UN and not
Pakistan or its allies who will decide what is required to maintain the defence and integrity of India
66.
kuldeep sharma on July 15, 2012 at 1:19 pm said:
,
,

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11 June, 2014

Indian Defence Review

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By Maj Gen Sheru Thapliyal

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India Betrayed The Role of Nehru -Brigadier BN Sharma

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Article 370 and Nation-Building: A Reality Check

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78 thoughts on Article 370: The untold story

MC on June 10, 2014 at 9:26 pm said:

ashok kumar on June 10, 2014 at 7:34 pm said:

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Abc on May 29, 2014 at 11:26 pm said:

Anshul Jain on May 29, 2014 at 8:42 pm said:

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Dr.H.D.Waikar on May 29, 2014 at 6:59 pm said:

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Indian on May 29, 2014 at 11:50 am said:

Raj on May 29, 2014 at 10:30 am said:

akash on May 29, 2014 at 9:23 am said:

Daljit Singh on May 29, 2014 at 9:14 am said:

asit guin on May 29, 2014 at 9:06 am said:

Naren on May 29, 2014 at 6:56 am said:

Arun Rawat on May 29, 2014 at 1:04 am said:

Manish on May 29, 2014 at 12:45 am said:

A. K. Sharma on May 28, 2014 at 8:00 pm said:

Anshul on May 28, 2014 at 5:33 pm said:

babu ram on May 28, 2014 at 3:46 pm said:

line on May 28, 2014 at 9:27 am said:

ashraf on May 26, 2014 at 8:37 pm said:

Like(16) Reply Report Abuse

Azim on May 26, 2014 at 3:51 pm said:

Himanshu Gandhi on May 25, 2014 at 4:10 pm said:

Amit upadhyay on May 23, 2014 at 11:21 am said:

Sankar on April 8, 2014 at 6:27 am said:

Dr. kaushik chaudhary on March 21, 2014 at 1:34 pm said:

daya sagar on March 3, 2014 at 8:00 pm said:

ajay kumar goel on December 7, 2013 at 1:48 am said:

Murali Ravi on December 6, 2013 at 8:27 pm said: