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Ling 101/Anth 110 (Fall 2015)

Midterm Review Sheet

Exam format
The exam will be posted online. The due date for submitting the exam is Sunday 11th. The exam
will look much like the quizzes; multiple-choice and some short answer. The midterm is worth
30% of your total course grade. To study for the exam Review the questions that were on the
quizzes. These will provide a good model for the types of problems that will be presented on the
exam (although you will see a few types of questions that were not on a quiz). You are expected
to be familiar with all content presented on this review sheet. Review the book chapters and
posted slides carefully. For topics you maybe did not fully understand take advantage of the
tutors at CAPS (Fazal) or send your problems and questions to me by email.

EXAM CONTETNS
What is language? Linguistics?
Prescriptivism vs. Descriptivism
Hocketts Design Features of language
1. Mode of Communication
2. Pragmatic Function
3. Displacement
4. Arbitrariness
5. Productivity
6. Cultural Transmission
7. Duality

Phonetics
International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) Keep the chart next to you at the exam time.
Consonants; be able to describe and identify:
o Voicing
o Place of articulation
o Manner of articulation
Vowels; be able to describe and identify:
o Tongue Height
o Tongue Advancement
o Rounding
o Tenseness
- Be able to give features for an IPA symbol
Exp: [p] => voiceless, bilabial, stop

- Be able to give the IPA symbol for provided features


Exp: voiceless, bilabial, stop => [p]
Transcription (be able to identify the correct multiple choice answer)
IPA Orthography
o [kt] cat
Orthography IPA
o peach [pi]
Phonology
Identifying minimal pairs
Phonemes vs. allophones
Natural classes
Phonological processes (be able to identify the type of phonological process that is responsible
for the appearance of some sound or sequence of sounds, if asked)
Assimilation
Nasalization
Elision
Morphology
Morpheme types
Free vs. Bound
Lexical vs. Functional
Inflectional vs. Derivational
o You might be asked to provide the morpheme breaks of a word in English or another
language unfamiliar to you and then to identify the morpheme type(s).
Allomorphs
Morphological analysis of a small data set
Deciphering morphemes and their meanings
Deciphering morpheme types
Syntax
Identifying syntactic categories (nouns, verbs, prepositions, adjectives, determiners, etc.)
Identifying syntactic phrases (e.g., NP, VP, PP, etc)
o (Phrase Structure Rules will be provided for you on the exam. You just need to
understand how to read them.)
Understanding how to read and produce syntactic tree representations in general
Understanding how to identify and interpret structural ambiguity
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