R.V.

COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
BANGALORE-560059
(Autonomous Institution Affiliated to VTU, Belgaum)

WASTE MANGEMENT AND DISPOSAL

SELF-STUDY REPORT

SUBMITTED BY:
AVINASH KUMAR (1RV13CV126)
K KALYAN REDDY (1RV11CV016)

4TH semester, CIVIL ENGINEERING

Mrs. Pushpa Agarwal

Department of BIOTECHNOLOGY,
R V College of Engineering
1|

Department of Industrial Engineering And Management

R.V. COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING, BANGALORE - 560059

(Autonomous Institution Affiliated to VTU, Belgaum)
DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING

CERTIFICATE
Certified that the Self Study work titled WASTE MANAGEMENT AND DISPOASAL is
carried out by AVINASH KUMAR and K KALYAN REDDY who are bonafide students of R.V
College of Engineering, Bangalore, in partial fulfillment for the award of degree of Bachelor of
Engineering in CIVIL ENGINEERING of the Visvesvaraya Technological University, Belgaum
during the year 2013-2014. It is certified that all corrections/suggestions indicated for the internal
Assessment have been incorporated in the report deposited in the departmental library. The Self
Study report has been approved as it satisfies the academic requirements in respect of Self Study
work prescribed by institution.

Marks awarded = (Evaluation1+ Evaluation2) =

Signature of staff in charge

Signature of Head
The Department

2|

Department of Industrial Engineering And Management

WHAT ARE WASTES?

Basel Convention Definition of Wastes

substances or objects which are disposed of or are intended to be disposed of or are required to
be disposed of by the provisions of the law

Disposal means
any operation which may lead to resource recovery, recycling, reclamation, direct re-use or
alternative uses.

KINDS OF WASTES

Solid wastes: domestic, commercial and industrial wastes especially common as co-disposal of
wastes
Examples: plastics, bottles, cans, papers, scrap iron, etc.

Liquid Wastes: wastes in liquid form

Examples: domestic washings, chemicals, oils, waste water from ponds, etc.

Hazardous type:
Hazardous or harmful waste are those that potentially threaten public health or the environment.
Such waste could be inflammable (can easily catch fire), reactive (can easily explode), corrosive
(can easily eat through metal) or toxic (poisonous to human and animals).

3|

Department of Industrial Engineering And Management

Organic type:
Organic waste comes from plants or animals sources. Commonly, they include food waste, fruit
and vegetable peels, flower trimmings and even dog poop can be classified as organic waste.
They are biodegradable (this means they are easily broken down by other organisms over time
and turned into manure). Many people turn their organic waste into compost and use them in
their gardens.

EFFECTS OF WASTE IF NOT MANAGED WISELY

Affects our health

Affects our socio-economic conditions

Affects our coastal and marine environment

ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS

1. SURFACE -WATER CONTAMINATION

Waste that end up in water bodies negatively change the chemical composition of the
water. Technically, this is called water pollution. This will affect all ecosystems existing in the
water. It can also cause harm to animals that drink from such polluted water.

2. SOIL CONTAMINATION:
a.

b.

4|

Hazardous chemicals that get into the soil (contaminants) can harm plants when they take
up the contamination through their roots. If humans eat plants and animals that have been
in contact with such polluted soils, there can be negative impact on their health Pollution
Pollution:
Bad waste management practices can result in land and air pollution and can cause
respiratory problems and other adverse health effects as contaminants are absorbed from
the lungs into other parts of the body.
Department of Industrial Engineering And Management

3. LECHATE:
Liquid that forms as water trickles through contaminated areas is called Leachate. It forms very
harmful mixture of chemicals that may result in hazardous substances entering surface water,
groundwater or soil.

ECONOMIC EFFORTS:

Municipal wellbeing:

Everyone wants to live and visit places that are clean, fresh and healthy. A city with poor
sanitation, smelly and with waste matter all over the place do not attract good people, investors
and tourists. Such cities tend to have poor living standards.

Recycling revenue:

Cities that do not invest in recycling and proper waste control miss out on revenue from
recycling. They also miss out on job opportunities that come from recycling, composting and
businesses that work with them.

Employee Education- education campaign on waste management that includes an

extensive internal web site, newsletters, daily bulletins, promotional signs and helpful
reference labels within the campus of an institution.

Preventing WastePackaging waste reductions and changes in the manufacturing process use biodegradable
materials

Use proper towels and ceramic plates at home instead of paper towels, disposable spoons and
paper plates.
Get your own shopping bags instead of bringing home plastic bags each time you go grocery
shopping.

Use old post package boxes to send parcels instead of buying new ones each and every time.

5|

Department of Industrial Engineering And Management

ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS: EMS

What is an EMS?

An EMS is a formal set of policies and procedures that define how an organization will evaluate,
manage, and track its environmental impact. It follows the basic model:
Plan > Do > Check > Act
This facilitates cost-effective environmental performance by defining and continuously
improving the process and actions that an organization undertakes to meet its environmental
goals.

BENEFITS OF EMS(POTENTIAL BENEFITS)

1. Improved environmental performance

2. Enhanced compliance

3. Enhanced compliance
4. Pollution prevention

5. Resource conservation
6. New customers/markets

7. Increased efficiency/reduced costs

8. Enhanced employee morale

9. Enhanced image with public, regulators, lenders, investors,etc

10. Employee awareness of environmental issues and responsibilities
6|

Department of Industrial Engineering And Management

THE FIVE STAGES OF EMS

1. Commitment and Policy
Top management commits to environmental improvement and establishes a company
environmental policy. The policy is the foundation of the EMS.

2. Planning
A company first identifies environmental aspects of its operations. Environmental aspects are
those items, such as air pollutants or hazardous waste, that can have negative impacts on people
and/or the environment. A company then determines which aspects are significant by choosing
criteria considered most important by the company

3. Implementation
A company follows through with the action plan using the necessary resources (human,
financial, etc.). An important component is employee training and awareness for all employees.
Other steps in the implementation stage include documentation, following operating procedures,
and setting up internal and external communication lines.

4. Evaluation
A company monitors its operations to evaluate whether targets are being met. If not, the
company takes corrective action.

5. Review
Top management reviews the results of the evaluation to see if the EMS is working.
Management determines whether the original environmental policy is consistent with company
values. The plan is then revised to optimize the effectiveness of the EMS. The review stage
creates a loop of continuous improvement for a company.
7|

Department of Industrial Engineering And Management

PRINCIPLES OF EFFECTIVE EMS

For better environmental and overall organizational performance, an EMS should:

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.

8|

Focus on continual improvement

Serve the organization and its mission
Receive top management support
Remain dynamic and flexible
Fit the culture of the organization
Represent employees and their actions
Establish employees awareness and involvement

Department of Industrial Engineering And Management

REFERENCES:

9|

Environmental and Health Impact of Solid Waste Management Activities

By Royal Society of Chemistry
Waste Treatment and Disposal
By Paul T. Williams
www.wm.com

Department of Industrial Engineering And Management