Towards Resilience: Community Driven DRR & Cca Financing

TOWARDS RESILIENCE: COMMUNITY
DRIVEN DRR & CCA FINANCING

LESSONS FROM LOCAL DISASTER RISK REDUCTION FUND (LDRRF) INTERVENTION
Abdul Qayyum Mohammad

National Project Director (Additional Secretary ), CDMP II, MoDMR, Bangladesh
6th AMCDRR, Bangkok, Thailand
23 June 2014
Comprehensive Disaster Management Programme (CDMP II)
Ministry of Disaster Management & Relief, Government of Bangladesh
RISK PROFILE
First rank climate change vulnerable nations.
Fifth rank in the world risk index 2012
DROUGHT - Affecting 8.3 million Ha of

land.
FLASH FLOOD Unpredictable, recurring,
uncertain.
FLOOD - Inundates more areas, increases
river erosion, breaches embankments,
damage infrastructures.
SALINITY INTRUSION - Spreading from 1.5
to 2.5 Mha (2007).
CYCLONE - Remain to be the deadliest
and most destructive hazard. It is
recurring, with lingering aftermath,
complex recovery.
Number
of people
exposed
yearly
45 Million
20 Million
28Million
AND CLIMATE CHANGE HAZARDS, EARTHQUAKES,

FIRE BREAKOUT, INFRASTRUCTURE COLLAPSE ETC.
Bangladesh incurred an average annual loss equal to 1.8% of GDP due to natural
disasters in the past two decades (source Sixth Five-Year Plan)
RISK REDUCTION IN BANGLADESH

The country has dramatically reduced impacts of
extreme events in rapid onset disasters such as cyclone
and floods.
CYCLONE
Climate change increased the vulnerability and put the

country more complex situation in disaster and its
adverse impact already been evidenced.
FLOOD
Sharing knowledge, experiences of disaster risk

reduction, and the regional cooperation are crucial for
building resilience communities and nations
DROUGHT

DRR GOAL: RESILIENT COMMUNITIES

FLOURISHING
ENVIRONMENT
Robust ecosystem and
safe built environment
Mitigated
and adapted
hazards

Ministry
of Disaster
Management
& Relief,
Government of2004
Bangladesh
*Modified
from
Satendra
& Sharma,
Reduced
vulnerability
VIBRANT AND
JUST SOCIETY
Social well being and
good governanve
RESILIENT
COMMUNITIES
Continue growing,
able to withstand
shocks
Enhanced
capacities
PROSPEROUS
ECONOMY
Robust productivity
and well distributed
dividends
CDMP IN LOCAL RESILIENCE BUILDING

A TWO-PHASED PROGRAMME TO SUPPORT GOVERNMENT VISION
A comprehensive Approach: all hazard, all risk, all phases, all sectors
A platform for different actors for bridging the gaps
A convergence of supports from Development Partners
OVERALL OBJECTIVES
To strengthen the capacity of the disaster management system to reduce
unacceptable risk and improve response and recovery management at all levels.
KEY ELEMENTS OF A COMPREHENSIVE APPROACH

Getting the right balance of prevention, preparedness, response and
recovery Formal and Traditional hazard and risk analysis
Moving from generic to specific risk interventions
Mainstreaming risk reduction across hazards and sectors
Empowering stakeholders partners and communities
OUTCOME AREAS
DELIVERY
MECHANISMS
Professionalising
DM System
Rural Risk
Reduction
MODMR
DDM
PARTNER
DEPTS / MINS
DMCs
Community level
Climate Change
Adaptation
Urban Risk
Reduction
LOC. ADMINS
MSU
UNDP
UNIVERSITIES
TRG INSTS.
Mainstreaming
DRR and CCA
Preparedness
and Response
NGOS
CIVIL SOCIETY
PRIVATE SECTORS

COMMUNITY BASED DM
Bangladesh has over 20 years
experience of Community
Based Disaster Risk
Reduction (CBDRR), the
Community Risk Assessment
(CRA) and Risk Reduction
Action Planning (RRAP).
In addition voluntarism in
rural and urban settings have
gained momentum during
this time.
Risk
assessment
Risk Reduction
Interventions
CRA
FTRA
RRAP
Preparedness
and
mitigation
Response
Recovery/reh
abilitation
BANGLADESHS EXPERIENCES
Key Dimensions of Planning and Financing
Community Resilience
Identification and assessment of DRR and
CCA at local level
Prioritizing and costing the activities for
DRR and CCA
Prioritized and costed DRR & CCA options at
different levels
Financing local level DRR and CCA initiatives
Bangladesh Experiences
Ensure accountability of the financing at

local level
Regular training to DMCs,

DMC and PIC meeting and
monitoring

CRA
RRAP
CCTF, CRTF
LDRRF
RISK ASSESSMENT
Community Risk Assessment (CRA) and Fast
Track Risk Assessment (FTRA) are participatory
process primarily for the rural areas to:
Assess hazards, vulnerabilities, risks, ability to
cope
Prepare coping strategies and
Prepare a risk reduction action plan (RRAP)
for implementation by the local authority and
other actors.
So far 714 CRA and 307 Fast Track Risk Assessment (FTRA) have been
conducted in 339 most vulnerable Unions of 107 Upazilas and 40 Districts.
In addition to that, 10 more URAs completed in collaboration with INGOs in
Dhaka North & South City Corporation and FTRA done in 11 more
CC/municipalities in 8 Districts
MAJOR STEPS OF CRA

Scoping the Community
Transact walk, wealth ranking census, resource mapping,
focus group discussions, key informants interviews, etc.
Collect, analyze and validate secondary information with
the community
Identification of Hazards, Vulnerable Sectors, Elements and
Locations
Divide participants into stakeholder groups to identify the
hazards they face in their communities and associated
vulnerable sectors/elements/locations.
Risk Analysis and Evaluation
Analyze and evaluate risk statements to ensure an accurate
picture of each hazard and its respective risks, and rank them
according to the impact stakeholders perceive them to have
on the various community elements.
Specific Risk Reduction Options and Action Planning
Determine the most effective and appropriate risk reduction
options for the elimination, reduction and/or management of
risk.
Consensus on Options
Jointly review with primary and secondary stakeholders the
compiled output of coping strategies recommended by
primary stakeholder groups and agree on options for risk
reduction action.

Key steps in CRA

In the following situation a CRA will take a
minimum of 7 days:
1 Union; 3 ward (old)
4 stakeholder groups (e.g. landless, farmers,
women, disabled, adolescents, etc.)
a skilled facilitator team
a venue that allows for concurrent sessions
After a CRA, communities
develop a detailed risk reduction
strategy, which they will
implement through local
community institutions or local
government bodies.
The end product is a consensual community

risk assessment and set of risk reduction
actions
KEY DIMENSIONS OF THE CRA & LDRRF

Selection of disaster prone districts through a rigorous and consultative process.
Work with District, Upazila/municipalities and Union authorities and I/NGOs to
identify Upazila/municipalities, Union/wards and vulnerable communities
Pursue CRA once community is identifies.
Participatory Risk Reduction Action Plans developed based on CRA, which are
community led, inclusive, address the most vulnerable and risk sensitive.
Proposals are developed by the community & LGIs.
The proposals are verified based on the priority, the effectiveness of risk
reduction and costing.
Technical and approval committee for proper screening of proposals.
Budgeting, shared resources, time line and informing communities.
Implementation, regular monitoring and quality assurance and review.
Documentation of the process and results and communicate those.
MATRIX USED FOR DISTRICT SELECTION

SELECTED
40 DISTRICTS

PROJECT IDENTIFICATION PROCESS
LDRRF Target: 40 Districts

CDMP I identified 16 & CDMP II
added 24 districts based on
vulnerability
Projects for LDRRF support must
have linkage of CRA/RRAP
Projects under BDT 2.5 million
are implemented by UDMC
Projects between BDT 2.5-5
million are implemented by
UzDMC
Projects above BDT 5 million are
implemented by short-listed
NGOs through RFP process
Projects under urban risk
reduction are implemented by
CC/municipalities

Identifying
vulnerable
Upazilas
Identifying
most
vulnerable
Unions
Contracts
Signed
Technical
Review and
Approval
Implementati
on cycle
begins
CRA, CRA
revisit or
FTRA
Project
Proposal
Development
(Site Engineers, PIO,
Endorsed by UNO)
KEY MOTIVATING FACTORS

DM Act 2012 provision of national and district level DM Fund
Wide range of social safety net programme potential area to
integrate with DRR & CCA
Donor community
Coordination at all levels with I/NGOs, academic institutions,
local authorities and communities
Communities living with disasters
Local authorities and communities willing to take leadership
role.
The comprehensive approaches on DRR and CCA integrate the
local resource , knowledge and address the local need
RISK REDUCTION INTERVENTIONS

Preparedness and mitigation (Structural)
Disaster Resilient Habitats
Embankment cum road construction/reconstruction
Shelter for animals and livestock
Plinth raising house, school etc.
Protection wall shelter, embankment etc.
Canal/re-excavation
Provide saline free drinking water (Deep
/Tube well,Rain Water Harvester,
Pond Sand filter, Pond excavation, reexcavation, Reverse osmosis

Brick Flat Soiling (BFS)
Herringbone road (HBR) to reach shelter
Provide rescue boat
Cyclone Shelter re-construction
Afforestation
Improvement of drainage system
Reverse Osmosis Plant
Preparedness and mitigation (Non-structural)

Awareness raising community level
Capacity strengthening -local level
Strengthening community medias - Radios
Non Farm livelihood support

Development of contingency, DM Plan
More than 3 million people in 42 districts, 107 Upazilas, 5 municipalities and 339
Unions are more resilient due to 2,522 (2484 in rural, 38 in urban) structural and nonstructural local risk reduction interventions financed by LDRRF.
PICTORIAL VIEW OF INTERVENTIONS
DRH at Gopalgonj
Construction of U-Drain

Construction of drainage
DRH Honble Minister, MoDMR
DRH Gopalgonj
DRH Gazipara
DRH Gopalgonj

Rain water harvest
Solar powered PSF Water option
DRH Bainpara

DRH Bainpara
Pond excavation Water option
Re-excavation of canal
Cyclone shelter repairing

Embankment cum road
Land raised for flood victims
Water supply through pipeline
Killah and tree plantation
Water dispenser
Secondary embankment cum road

Embankment cum road
Reverse Osmosis Plant Water option
Vegetation at Killah
Hygienic Toilet
Brick Flat Soiling (BFS)
Homestead gardening at DRH

RISK REDUCTION INTERVENTIONS

Community Based Response
49,365 rural community
volunteers provides service in

CPP programme
Over 26,000 urban community
volunteers developed.
The urban volunteers proved
their crucial value in search
and rescue operations during
the Rana Plaza disaster in April
2013. 2,438 people were
rescued alive from the
collapsed building.
59 landslide volunteers are

operating in Coxs Bazar and
Teknaf areas.
Initiative has been taken to
pilot flood volunteers in the
most vulnerable districts
Sirajgonaj and Gaibandah
under Bangladesh Ansar.
Developed and scale up flood
volunteer
Union Disaster Management Committees that are

engaged in LDRRF schemes are much more vibrant
Because.
a normal time dilemma
leads to reduced vigilance
Committees need to be engaged in
practical risk reduction activities in
normal time to remain alert
Committees engaged in
implementation of schemes under
LDRRF are more than twice as
functional as committees that are not
But committees need training in
design and implementation of risk
reduction schemes
and they need institutionalized
access to financial resources
DMC Functionality Profile

LDRRF
Non-LDRRF
Post-disaster response
Disaster response
DM aw areness
Management/administration
Risk reduction
Early w arning
RR scheme implementation
KEY LESSONS
The CRA process found instrumental to ensure the participation of
community people, identify the local risk and address the risk from
disaster and climate change.
The local community are aware of the current and future risk to be
intensified from the climate change.
Risk reduction and adaptation practice and need to be address
together for minimizing the risk and to build resilience communities
and nations.
The process advocate to build the DM fund at local and national
level which is indicated in the DM Act.
Need sharing of result and learning to the national , regional and
international level to institutionalize the LDRRF for DRR and CCA in
together.
WAY
FORWARD
Sustainable strategy need to be developed for local financing
through contributory fund arrangement;
Establish linkage between local DRM/ CCA initiatives and

development initiatives through mainstreaming;
Design and implement comprehensive DRM/ CCA activities in

selected disaster hot spot districts to showcasing the result;
Continue monitor the on-going activities and ensure quality and

timely completions;
Support government to institutionalize LDRRF;

Enhance coordination mechanism to scale up the good practices
to the regional level
Documentation, archiving and knowledge dissemination to the

wider audience and institutions .
For more information contact:

LDRRF Secretariat
Disaster Management & Relief Bhaban (6th Floor)
92-93 Mohakhali C/A, Dhaka-1212, Bangladesh, Tel: (+88 02) 989 0937, 882 1255

Website: www.cdmp.org.bd
Photo: Otin Dewan/CDMP
Thank you

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TOWARDS RESILIENCE: COMMUNITY

DRIVEN DRR & CCA FINANCING

Abdul Qayyum Mohammad

DROUGHT - Affecting 8.3 million Ha of

AND CLIMATE CHANGE HAZARDS, EARTHQUAKES,

Ministry of Disaster Management & Relief, Government of Bangladesh

RISK REDUCTION IN BANGLADESH

Climate change increased the vulnerability and put the

Sharing knowledge, experiences of disaster risk

Comprehensive Disaster Management Programme (CDMP II)

DRR GOAL: RESILIENT COMMUNITIES

Comprehensive Disaster Management Programme (CDMP II)

CDMP IN LOCAL RESILIENCE BUILDING

KEY ELEMENTS OF A COMPREHENSIVE APPROACH

Comprehensive Disaster Management Programme (CDMP II)

Ensure accountability of the financing at

Regular training to DMCs,

Comprehensive Disaster Management Programme (CDMP II)

MAJOR STEPS OF CRA

Comprehensive Disaster Management Programme (CDMP II)

Key steps in CRA

The end product is a consensual community

KEY DIMENSIONS OF THE CRA & LDRRF

MATRIX USED FOR DISTRICT SELECTION

Comprehensive Disaster Management Programme (CDMP II)

Comprehensive Disaster Management Programme (CDMP II)

PROJECT IDENTIFICATION PROCESS

LDRRF Target: 40 Districts

Comprehensive Disaster Management Programme (CDMP II)

KEY MOTIVATING FACTORS

RISK REDUCTION INTERVENTIONS

Pond Sand filter, Pond excavation, reexcavation, Reverse osmosis

Preparedness and mitigation (Non-structural)

Non Farm livelihood support

PICTORIAL VIEW OF INTERVENTIONS

Comprehensive Disaster Management Programme (CDMP II)

PICTORIAL VIEW OF INTERVENTIONS

DRH Honble Minister, MoDMR

Comprehensive Disaster Management Programme (CDMP II)

PICTORIAL VIEW OF INTERVENTIONS

Rain water harvest

Solar powered PSF Water option

Comprehensive Disaster Management Programme (CDMP II)

Pond excavation Water option

PICTORIAL VIEW OF INTERVENTIONS

Cyclone shelter repairing

Comprehensive Disaster Management Programme (CDMP II)

Embankment cum road

Land raised for flood victims

PICTORIAL VIEW OF INTERVENTIONS

Water supply through pipeline

Killah and tree plantation

Secondary embankment cum road

Comprehensive Disaster Management Programme (CDMP II)

PICTORIAL VIEW OF INTERVENTIONS

Embankment cum road

Reverse Osmosis Plant Water option

Brick Flat Soiling (BFS)

Homestead gardening at DRH

Comprehensive Disaster Management Programme (CDMP II)

RISK REDUCTION INTERVENTIONS

volunteers provides service in

59 landslide volunteers are