Chapter 24

Ch 24-1

Chapter 24 Questions

Multiple Choice
Choose the letter of the best answer.

1.

Which of the following factors contributed to economic globalization during the

twentieth century?

(A)

Increased labor migration during the Great Depression

(B)

Technological advances that lowered transportation costs dramatically

(C)

The virtual elimination of tariffs in the two decades following World War I

(D)

The rejection by Western powers of the Bretton Woods system.

(E)

The rejection of neo-liberal ideas by both developed and developing countries

2.

How did Bretton Woods lay the foundation for globalization?

(A)

By creating a secret world government

(B)

By demonstrating that countries can work together

(C)

By creating a set of agreements and institutions to promote free trade

(D)

By exchanging product samples from different countries

(E)

By creating the United Nations

3.

How did the International Monetary Fund and the World Bank advance neo-liberal
economics?

(A)

By loaning money to developing nations without preconditions

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(B)

Ch 24-2

By introducing policies designed to protect permanent jobs and discourage mobile or

temporary work forces

(C)

By regulating the economies of developing countries

(D)

By loaning money to developing nations that privatized state-run companies and lowered
protectionist tariffs

(E)

By raising tariffs to protect developing countries

[[INSERT MAP 24.2, Global Inequality: Population and Economic Development, HERE]]
4.

Which of the following assertions is supported by these maps?

(A)

Per capita income in all of Europe is over $20,000.

(B)

Per capita income in all of Africa is below $2,000.

(C)

While Chinas per capita income is lower because it has a larger population, its gross
domestic product is larger than Japans gross domestic product.

(D)

Only North America and Europe have countries with per capita incomes over $20,000.

(E)

India and China have the largest populations in the world.

5.

In terms of the Global North/South divide in the twentieth century,

(A)

global economic development has narrowed the gap between a rich Global North and a
poor Global South.

(B)

global economic development has resulted in a brain drain from the Global North to the
Global South.

(C)

global economic development has found expression in differing priorities between the
Global North and the Global South in an otherwise international feminist movement.

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(D)

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global economic development has led to an environmentalist movement in the Global

North but not the Global South.

(E)

global economic development has led to a collapse of the feminist movement in the
Global South, but not in the Global North.

6.

Which of the following best describes the massive increase in international migration of
the worlds peoples during the era of globalization?

(A)

It has allowed those who were previously unhappy to find happiness.

(B)

It has allowed many to find work and shelter, but has also victimized others in new ways.

(C)

It is mostly just tourists.

(D)

It has totally erased all national cultures and boundaries.

(E)

It has brought prosperity to nearly all who participated in the migrations.

7.

How did globalization affect those within wealthy nations, especially the United States?

(A)

It made everyone in those nations far wealthier.

(B)

It drained the wealth out of those nations.

(C)

It made Americans more appreciative and tolerant of other cultures.

(D)

It caused millions of Americans to lose their jobs, while millions of others have become
wealthy.

(E)

It has had almost no impact on the United States.

8.

Which of the following best describes the American Empire of the second half of the
twentieth century and beginning of the twenty-first century?

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Ch 24-4

(A)

It was a far-flung empire of colonies.

(B)

It was a once-powerful empire breaking apart.

(C)

It was essentially a nonterritorial empire of economic, military, and cultural power.

(D)

It was a nonterritorial empire dependent solely on economic power.

(E)

The term empire is a misnomer used by countries envious of the United States.

9.

How did womens liberation feminists differ from equal rights feminists?

(A)

Womens liberation feminists wanted women to have more rights than men; equal rights
feminists merely wanted women to have the same rights as men.

(B)

Womens liberation feminists wanted to challenge societal and cultural patriarchy through
direct action; equal rights feminists preferred political lobbying and passing laws.

(C)

Womens liberation feminists sought a world government dominated by women; equal

rights feminists sought an American government dominated by women.

(D)

Womens liberation feminists preferred lobbying and passing laws; equal rights feminists
wanted to challenge societal and cultural patriarchy through direct action.

(E)

The groups were not different.

10.

Why did African feminists resent American and European feminists opposition to
traditional African cultural practices such as polygamy and female circumcision?

(A)

They felt American and European feminists were stealing their thunder on the issue.

(B)

They did not believe such practices existed in Africa.

(C)

They were strongly in favor of such practices.

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(D)

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They thought that American and European feminists were envious of their cultural
traditions.

(E)

Western feminists could easily begin to sound like colonial missionaries and rulers.

11.

Which of the following best describes the response of global fundamentalism to

modernity?

(A)

A selective rejection and a seeking of an alternative, more religious modernity

(B)

A total rejection of modernity

(C)

A total embrace of modernity

(D)

A denial of the existence of modernity

(E)

An abiding indifference to modernity

12.

Which best characterizes the strategies pursued by Islamic fundamentalist groups for
achieving their political aims?

(A)

Most attempted to gain power through elections and placing members in influential
government and social positions, but some sought violent revolutions.

(B)

A few attempted to gain power through elections, but most were intent on violent
revolutions.

(C)

They focused only on attacking non-Muslims.

(D)

They focused only on launching attacks outside the Islamic world.

(E)

Most used non-violent protest tactics pioneered by Gandhi.

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13.

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Why did Osama bin Laden and the leaders of al-Qaeda come to declare the United States
as their enemy?

(A)

They wanted to scare Americans into converting to Islam.

(B)

They objected to American military presence in Saudi Arabia after the first Gulf War.

(C)

They hated Christianity.

(D)

They mistakenly thought that the United States was an extension of the USSR, which had
been their enemy in Afghanistan.

(E)

They opposed Americas isolationist policies and by declaring war tried to draw the
United States into more active involvement as a force of good in the Islamic world.

14.

What was a major difference between Western environmental movements and

environmentalists in developing countries?

(A)

Western environmentalists cared only for the environments of their own countries;
environmentalists in developing countries cared for the whole planet.

(B)

Western environmentalists lacked the popular base of support that environmentalists in

developing countries had.

(C)

Western environmentalists were concerned more with issues of pollution and limiting
growth; environmentalists in developing countries were more concerned with food
security and social justice.

(D)

Western environmentalists were more concerned about people; environmentalists in

developing nations were more concerned with species of animals.

(E)

Western environmentalists set the agenda for the movement; environmentalists in

developing nations merely supported their Western counterparts.

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15.

In general, environmental movements in the Global South

(A)

were dominated by large national organizations.

(B)

primarily involved affluent members of the middle class.

(C)

were even more concerned with the rights of nature and wilderness protection than their
counterparts in the Global North were.

(D)

relied almost exclusively on political lobbying.

(E)

involved poor people rather than affluent members of the middle class.

Answer Key
1.

B (pp. 724-745)

2.

C (pp. 724-725)

3.

D (p. 725)

4.

E (p. 729)

5.

C (pp. 727-728; 739)

6.

B (pp. 727-731)

7.

D (p. 730)

8.

C (pp. 731-734)

9.

B (pp. 735-736)

10.

E (p. 737)

11.

A (pp. 740-742)

12.

A (pp. 742-746)

13.

B (pp. 745-746)

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14.

C (p. 752)

15.

E (pp. 750-751)

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Short Answer
Answer each question in three or four sentences.

1.

What is meant when critics accuse the United States of maintaining an informal
empire? How exactly has the United States asserted its influence informally?

2.

What specific issues defined the feminist movement in the industrial West after the
Second World War?

3.

What were the major manifestations of what the text terms the globalization of liberation,
which defined the postWorld War II period by challenging established beliefs and
practices?

4.

What factors drove economic globalization after World War II?

Answer Key
1. A good answer will include most of the following:
The United States in effect possesses a colonial empire in terms of influence and trade,
although it does not directly administer the empire. In this way, the situation is similar to the
influence that Europeans exercised in China and the Middle East during the nineteenth century.

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Ch 24-9

The United States has sought, through economic penetration, political pressure, and periodic
military action, to create societies and governments compatible with its values and interests, but
without directly governing large populations for long periods of time.
A central means of accomplishing this has been through the use of economic muscle, creating
an empire of production that draws on the United States immense wealth to entice or
intimidate potential collaborators.
Another form of power that critics cite is the soft power of Americas cultural attractiveness,
its political and cultural freedoms, the economic benefits of cooperation, and the general
willingness of many to follow the American lead voluntarily.

2. A good answer should include all of the following:

One set of issues focused on questions of equal rights, especially in employment and education.
A second set of issues known as womens liberation took broader aim at patriarchy as a
system of domination.
A third set of issues emerged among women of color and focused on racism and poverty.

3. A good answer should include all of the following:

the civil rights movement in America
opposition to communist regimes in Eastern Europe
liberation movements in the third world that sought to free their societies from decrepit Western
capitalism and a repressive bureaucratic Soviet communism
feminism

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Ch 24-10

4. A good answer will include most of the following:

The capitalist victors of World War II were determined to avoid a return to Depression-era
conditions.
The capitalist victors of World War II forged the Bretton Woods system, a set of agreements
and institutions (the World Bank and the International Monetary Fund) that laid the foundations
for postwar globalization.
Technology contributed to the acceleration of economic globalization by dramatically lowering
transportation costs and providing the communication infrastructure for global economic
interaction.
Population growth, especially when tied to growing economies and modernizing societies,
further fueled globalization as dozens of new nations, eager for modern development, entered the
world economy.
From the 1970s on, major capitalist countries such as the United States and Great Britain
abandoned many earlier political controls on economic activity as their leaders and
businesspeople increasingly viewed the entire world as a single market.
Powerful international lending agencies imposed free-market and pro-business conditions on
many poor countries if they were to qualify for much-needed loans.
The collapse of the state-controlled economies of the communist world only furthered such
unrestricted global capitalism.

Essays
Answer each of the following questions in a few paragraphs. Include specific examples to
support your thesis and conclusions.

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1.

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Compare and contrast the feminist movements of the nineteenth century and the second
half of the twentieth century.

2.

Compare the feminist and environmentalist movements in the twentieth century.

Answer Key
1. A good answer will include most of the following:
Both were international movements, although the twentieth-century movement had a wider
following outside the West than did its nineteenth-century counterpart.
Both movements sought equal rights for women, though in the second half of the twentieth
centurybecause women in the West had already achieved the right to votethe focus of
organized feminism shifted to issues like equal rights in education and employment.
In each period, the feminist movement encompassed a number of smaller movements, though
the feminist movement of the second half of the twentieth century had more submovements than
did the earlier feminist movement, and some of the latter-day submovements, especially those in
the developing world, were not explicitly gender-based.

2. A good answer will include most of the following:

Both were international in scope.
Both were mass movements with larger followings in more regions of the world than their
nineteenth-century counterparts had.
Both were diverse movements with multiple agendas.

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Both developed significant internal rifts between the agendas of movements in industrialized
societies and the agendas of movements in third world societies.
Both have succeeded in securing sustained public attention and some successes for their causes.