Math CHAPTE

Form 2 R 12
12.1 Geometric Properties
12.2 Net Of Geometric Solids
12.3 Surface Area

Prepared By:
03/19/10 Norisah bt 1
Mustaffa
12.1 Geometric Properties
Geometric solids are objects that
have three dimensions.
Example:

Cub Prisms cuboid

e

cylinder sphere
cone
s
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 12.1a Prisms
Lateral edge

Base
Vertex

Base

•Prisms is a solid that has two parallel faces called

bases.
•The bases are congruent polygons whereas other
faces are parallelograms.
•Prisms do not have a fixed number of edges, vertices

and
03/19/10 faces. 3
•A prisms is named by the shape of its
bases.
Hexagonal
prisms

Triangular prism

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•Cubes and cuboids are considered
prisms
because they have all the properties
of a
prism.
Two parallel bases are
congruent

Other faces are parallelograms

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 12.1b Pyramids
Square vertex
pyrami
d Later Triangula
al r
edge pyramid
heigh
t base

•A pyramid is a solid that has a base in the shape of a polygon.

•The other faces are triangles that have a common vertex
called apex.
•A pyramid named by the shape of its base.
•The perpendicular distance from the common vertex to the
base is the
height of the pyramid.
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•Pyramid do not have a fixed number of vertices, edges, and
 12.1c Cylinders

base
•A cylinder is a solid that has
two parallel bases which are
congruent circles.
•A cylinder has three faces, two
heigh
t flat faces and one curved face,
two curved edges and no
vertices.
•For a right cylinder, the
base perpendicular distance between
the two faces is the height of
03/19/10 the cylinder. 7
 12.1d Cones
•A cone is a solid that
has circular base and a
curved face which meets verte
at a common vertex x
called apex.
•The perpendicular height
distance from the vertex
to the base is the
height of the cone.
•A cone has two faces, base
one edge and one
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vertex.
 12.1e Spheres

radius
centre

•A sphere is a solid where all points on its

surface
are equidistant from a central point.
•The distance from the central point to any
point
on the surface is call the radius of the
sphere.
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 12.2 Nets of Geometric Solids
12.2a Drawing Nets for Geometric Solids
•A net is a flat diagram
obtained
when a geometric solid is
opened
up and unfolded.
•A net is also known as
layout.
•The following diagrams shows
the
nets of some geometric
solids.
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 12.2a Nets of Geometric Solids
Triangular prism

Net

Number of
shape:
2 triangles
3 rectangles
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 12.2a Nets of Geometric Solids
Cube
Ne
t

Number of
shape:
6 squares
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 12.2a Nets of Geometric Solids
Cuboi
d Net

Number of shape:
6 rectangles or 2
squares and 4
rectangles.
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 12.2a Nets of Geometric Solids

Pyramid
Ne
t

Number of shape:
1 square, 4
triangles
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 12.2a Nets of Geometric Solids
Cylinder
Ne
t

Number of shape:
1 rectangle, 2
circles
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 12.2a Nets of Geometric Solids
Cone
Net

or

Number of shape:
03/19/10 1 circle, 1 sector of 16
12.2b Stating the Types of Solids Given Their Nets
From the net
•We can determine the type
shown below, state
of
the name of the
solid represented by a net
solid.
by
comparing the shapes in
the
net with the shapes in
known Solution:
solids.
•We can also imagine
folding up
the net to form a hollow
solid. pyramid
•If you
03/19/10
are still not be able 17
to
12.2c Constructing Models of Solids Given Their Nets

•To construct a
solid
model from a
net,
follow the steps
below:
•1) Cut out the
net
along its outer

sides.
•2) Fold its along
the
lines
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 12.3a Finding the Surface Area of Prisms,
Pyramids,
Cylinders
•The surface areaand
of aCones
solid is the total area of
all
the outer surfaces of the solid.
•The surface area of a solid can be found from
its net.  Determine the shapes of all
surfaces of
•To find the surface
solid.
area of a solid, follow the
steps given.Find the number of each shape.
Calculate the area of each shape.
Add up all areas. The sum is the
03/19/10 surface 19
area of the solid.
The following table shows the
ways of finding the surface area
of some solids.

Solid Net Surface Area

1. Cube
Surface area
= 6 x area of
a
square
h = 6 x h2
h = 6h2
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 Solid Net Surface Area
2. Cuboid l

A Surface area
h
h = 2 x area of A
+
h C B C 2 x area of B +
l
2 x area of C
h A = 2(hl x bl x
b bh)
h B b
Area of rectangle A =
hl
Area of rectangle B =
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bl 21
 Solid Net Surface Area
3. Prism l
b Surface area
b
h = 2 x area triangle
h b +
3 x area of
rectangle
l b
= 2 x ½ bh+ 3 x
bl
Area of triangle =½
bh =bh + 3bl
Area of rectangle= bl
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 Solid Net Surface Area
4. Pyramid
Q Surface area
= 6 x area of
Qs a rectangle
P
s b +
Q h 2 x area of
h rectangle P
+
Area of rectangle =
2 x area of
b a ab
Area of triangle P= ½ triangle Q
= ab + 2 x ½
as as + 2 x ½ bh
03/19/10 Area of triangle Q= ½ =ab + as +23
 Solid Net Surface Area
5. Cylinder r
Surface area
= area of
r h rectangle +
l 2 x area of
circle
h = 2π rh + 2π r2

l =circumference of
the
base circle
= 2π r
Area of rectangle P=
03/19/10 2π rh 24
 Solid Net Surface Area
6. Cone

s
Surface area
s = area of sector
+ area of
circle
r r = π rs + π r2

Area of sector = π rs
Area of circle = π r2
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 12.3b Finding the Surface Area of Sphere

The surface area of a

sphere can be calculated by
using the following formula.
Surface area of a sphere =
4π r2

r is the
radius of the
03/19/10 sphere. 26
 12.3c Finding other Dimensions of a Solid
Given the Surface Area and Other Relevant
Information
Other dimensions such as length of sides, height,
radius or diameter of solids can be found if we know
its surface area androther relevant information.
Example: Find the length of each side of a
cube if its surface area is 150cm2.
Let p be the length of each
side of the cube.
The area of a surface is =
p2 Each cube has 6
surfaces.
So, 6p2 = 150
p2 = 150 ÷ 6 The length of
= 25 each side is 5
p
03/19/10 = √25 = 5cm cm. 27
 12.3d Solving Problems Involving Surface
Area
Find the surface area of the shape
as shown in the diagram. (Take π =
22)
Solutio
The
n: diagram consists of 2
solids, a cone and a cylinder. 7
7 cm
Surface area of the cone:
= π rs
The base o
= 22 x 3 x 7 f
cone is not
7 6
included
= 66 cm 2
cm
Surface area of the cylinder:
= 2π rh 6
The area o cmsurface
Total
= 2 x 22 x 3 x 6 f
two circles area
7 are not = 66 + 113.14
= 113.14 cm 2
incl
03/19/10 uded = 179.14 cm 28 2.
 12.3d Solving Problems Involving Surface
Area
If the surface area of the cuboid shown in the
diagram is 288 cm2, find the value of y?

y
cm
6
Solutio 9 cm
n:
A cuboid has 6cmsurfaces.
2(y x 9) + 2(y x 6) + 2(6 x 9) = 288
cm2
2(9y + 6y + 54) = 288 The value
of y is 6
15y + 54 = 144
cm.
15y = 144 - 54

03/19/10 y = 90 ÷ 15 29
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