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^ y ^j+ z k^
x i+
x i^ . y ^j andz k^
(b)
OP
4. Unit vector
a^
Formula:
.
a
|a|
^ ^j+2 k^
a =2i
a +
b=( 21 ) i^
+ (-1+1)
^j
b=i
^ ^j k^
+(2-1)
a +
k^
find a
^ 0 ^j+ k^
i+
Also |a + b|
2
2
= 1 +1
= 2
1 ^ 1 ^
i+ k
2 2
a +
is given
a + b
|a + b|
5. Collinear vector.
Two or more vectors are said to be collinearif they have
same or parallel support.
6. Section formula.
Internal division :
r
and
ma n b
mn
=
b
is
ma +n b
m+n
, External division: :
).
AB=
AC
cos
^ ^jk^
i+
^ ^j+2 k^
2i
60
|a|
Sol :
and of
. b
a
=3 3
1
2
a
xb
= |a||b| sin
n^
given by
parallelogram is given by |a x b|
EASY
Q1. If either
a = 0 b=o
then
a x b = |a||b|sin n^
a =0 b=0 then a x b =0
^ b=i+
^ ^jk
^ ^j+ k^
a =i
a x b =
And
clearly
| |
i
j
k
1 1 1
1 1
1
a 0 , b 0
i
j k
= - 1 1 1
1 1 1
= 0
Hence
a x b = o .
Q2: Show that the points A(1,2,7),B (2,6,3) and C(3,10,-1) are collinear.
^
^ ^
Sol: P V of point A= i+ 2 j+7 k
^
^ ^
P V of point B= 2 i+6 j+ 3 k
^
^ ^
P V of point C= 3 i+10 jk
AB
^ ^j +7 k^
i+2
^
^ ^
= ( 2 i^ +6 ^j+ 3 k^ ) =( i+ 4 j4 k
AC
AC
Implies
^
^ ^
=( 3 i+10 jk
^
^ ^
( i+ 2 j+7 k
^
^ ^
=2( i+ 4 j4 k
=2 AB
AC
and
AB
collinear.
Q3.Find the magnitude of two vectors
1
0
60
their
scalar
product
is
that angle b/w them is
2
Sol: Given
1
|a|=|b| , a . b =
2
We know that ,
b =
1
=
2
and
|a||b|
|a||b|
=60
cos
cos
600
and such
1
=
2
|a|
1
2
|b|=1
^ ^j+ k^,
a =i+
Q4: If
|a|=1
=1
|a|
|a||b|
b=2 i
^ ^j+3 k^,
to the vector
2 ab +3 c .
Sol: Since
2 ab +3 c
=2
^
^j+ k^,
c =i2
^ ^j+ k^
i+
k
^
^
2 i j+3 ^
)-(
^
^ ^
+3( i2 j+ k
^
^ ^
= 3 i3 j+2 k
|
2 a b +3 c|
32+3 2+2
o
2 ab +3 c
22
=
2 a b +3 c
|
2 a b +3 c|
1 (
2 ab +3 c
22
k
^
^j+2 ^
3 i3
)=
1
22
Q5:
If
^ ^j+3 k^
a =2i+2
,
prepinduclar to c
Sol:
Here
a +
such that
^ ^j+3 k^
a =2i+2
,
Since
b=i+2
^ ^j + k^, c =3 i+
^ ^j
a a +
b=i+2
^ ^j+ k^, c =3 i+
^ ^j
=(2-) ^
i+ 2 ( 1+ ) ^j +( 3+ )
is prepinduclar to c
k^
is
).
a +
(2-)
c =0
=0
3+2 ( 1+ ) 1+(3+ ) 0
=8
^ ^j
i
^ ^
on the vecto i+ j
a . b
b
^ ^j
^ ^
a =i
, b=i+ j
a
b= 1+1
Projection o
2
a
on
^ ^j+2 k^
a =2i
,
Also
a +
|a + b|
b=( 21 ) i^
a +
^ 0 ^j+ k^
i+
12+12
b=i
^ ^j k^
^
+ (-1+1) j
0
2
^
+(2-1) k
=0
a +
a + b
|a + b|
is given
^ k^
i+
= 2
1 ^ 1 ^
i+ k
2 2 .
^
^ ^
Q8: Find the midpoint of the vector joining the points P( 2i +3 j + 4 k ) and Q (
^ ^j2 k^
4 i+
r
Sol: let
r =
.
be the position vector of point M
^ ^j+ 4 k^ ) +(4 i+
^ ^j2 k^ )
( 2i+3
2
( 6^i+ 4 ^j+2 k^ )
^ ^ ^
= 3 i+2 j+ k
We have
b
) where
a +
a
^ ^j+ k^
a =i+
.
a +
b
)
^
^ ^
and b=i+2 j+3 k
^
b
^ ^
= 2 i+3 j+ 4 k
^
b
^
= j2 k
b
a +
and a
is given
by
Now
a +
b
) x(
b
)=
^j
i^
k^
2 3
4
0 1 2
^
^
^
= 2 i+4 j2 k
|P| = 4+ 16+4 = 24 = 2 6
P =
|P|
IMPORTANT QUESTIONS
1 ^ +
i
6
2 ^ j
6
1 ^
k
6
(= P
say)
^ ^j3 k^
a = 5 i
Q10: If
a +
and
and
^
b
^ ^
= i+ 3 j5 k
are perpendicular .
Sol : we know that two non-zero vector are perpendicular if their scalar
product is zero.
a +
Here
So
Hence (
a +
a +
^ ^j3 k^
5 i
==
b
) .(
^ ^j3 k^
5 i
b
) and (
^
^ ^
) + ( i+ 3 j5 k )
)-
^ 3 ^j5 k^ )
( i+
^
^ ^
= 6 i+2 j8 k
^
^ ^
= 4 i4 j+ 2 k
k
^
6 i+2 ^j8 ^
b
)=
) =24-8-16=0
^
^j+ 2 k^
4 i4
b
) are perpendicular vectors.
are equal.(x=2,y=3)
2. Find a unit vector in the direction of vector
^ ^j+2 k^
i+
6
.
and
^ ^j+2 k^
a = i+
^ ^ ^
3. Find a vector in the direction of vector5 i j +2 k
has magnitude 8 units
which
^ 2 ^j+ 3 k^
i+
. (
1
2
3
,
(
,
(
14
14
14 ,)
5. Find the position vector of a point R which divides the line
^ ^ ^
P( I +2 J K
k
^ ^j+ ^
and Q(- i+
in the ratio