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(ISO 9692)
Good penetration
Good strength
(100% joint
efficiency)
Edge Preparation
Factors which influence choice of edge preparation
- Thickness
- Material
- Welding process
- Extent of penetration required
- Welding distortion
- Cost
corner
edge
Fillet weld
Plug / slot weld
J Groove weld
V Groove weld
U Groove weld
Butt joint
Square Groove weld
Root gap
Butt joint
Single V Groove weld
Groove angle
Root face
Root gap
Weld Reinforcement
Correct
reinforcement
Excess
reinforcement
Minimum cost
High cost
Good joint
strength
Under
reinforcement
Back gouging
Back weld
Backing weld
Back gouging
Consumable
guide
Single V groove
Bevel angle 40 to 50
Difficult to approach
the root
Weld defects
Back gouging to
remove root defects
Good weld quality
throat
leg
45 or 60
leg = throat
leg = throat
Tee Joint
Actual throat
Theoretical throat
Lap Joint
overlap
AWS D 1.1 recommendation
Overlap = 5 x thickness (1 inch minimum)
Gap between mating faces = 1.6 mm max
3G
2G
4G
2G
5G
6G
45
4F
5F
Inclination of axis
Rotation of face
Flat
0 to 15
150 to 210
Horizontal
0 to 15
80 to 150
210 to 280
Overhead
0 to 80
0 to 80
280 to 360
Vertical
15 to 80
80 to 280
80 to 90
0 to 360
Inclination of axis
Rotation of face
Flat
0 to 15
150 to 210
Horizontal
0 to 15
125 to 150
210 to 235
Overhead
0 to 80
0 to 125
235 to 360
Vertical
15 to 80
125 to 235
80 to 90
0 to 360
Joint preparation
According to ISO 9692
Welding and allied processes -Recommendations for joint preparation
Part 1: Manual metal-arc welding, gas shielded metal-arc welding, gas
welding, TIG welding and beam welding of steels