Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Nikhil Shah
VP, International Development,
IP/MPLS Forum
Director, Mobile/FMC Segment,
Juniper Networks
Himanshu Shah
Member, IP/MPLS Forum
Sr. Principle engineer, Ciena
Slide 1
Agenda
1. Introduction to the IP/MPLS Forum
2. MPLS in the RAN Backhaul
3. MPLS Basics
MPLS fit and operation in the mobile RAN network and the support of
end-to-end SLAs, QoS, and high availability features
4. MPLS Pseudowires
Migration
Systems-Level Solutions
Slide 4
Agenda
1. Introduction to the IP/MPLS Forum
2. MPLS in the RAN Backhaul
3. MPLS Basics
MPLS fit and operation in the mobile RAN network and the support of
end-to-end SLAs, QoS, and high availability features
4. MPLS Pseudowires
IMS
Walled
Content/Apps
BSC
Packet Core
IP/MPLS Backhaul
New applications
Internet
Evolving towards
IMS
BTS
Today: Narrowband
(T1/E1)
Tomorrow:
All IP
Air
Interface
Past/Today
BTS
Circuit
Switched RAN
BSC
Circuit Core
PSTN
Richer Applications
Increased Memory
Increased Processing
Ubiquitous device
Terminology
Base Station
Base Station Controller
Circuit Edge devices
Packet Edge devices
WCDMA/UMTS
Node-B
RNC
MSC
SGSN, GGSN
Technology
Data Services
GSM/UMTS
CDMA
EDGE, GPRS
CDMA2000, 1xRTT, EV-DO
4G
Internet
2G
3G
3G PDSN/
SGSN
PSN
RNC
Access
Network
Aggregation
Network
Core
Network
GGSN
3G MSC
2G SGSN
2G MSC
RAN
~550K
~200K
~50K
~1100K
Taiwan
~100K
~30K
Traffic growth
and new service
introduction
Introduction of IP
base stations
Need for
service
assurance
Direct implications
for the network architecture
Efficient
migration
from TDM
to packet
Scaleable
Bandwidth
at lower cost
per bit
Evolution paths
for CDMA
and
GSM/UMTS
Slide 9
Strict SLAs
backed by
differential
IP QoS
Improved
operational
management and
accuracy
Adoption of Ethernet as a
backhaul technology
doubles to 2008
Microwave used
extensively in Europe and
Asia
Source: Infonetics
Slide 11
BTS
BTS
BTS Access
converges on IP,
MPLS, and Ethernet
IP and Ethernet
Backhaul over
many transports
HUB
(CELL) SITE
Hub/Large
Cell Site
Aggregation
1
MTSO
Backhaul
Networks
Ethernet /
MPLS
BACKBONE
Aggregation
Service
Router
PSTN
MTSO
Converged IP/MPLS
Backbone
Optical
BTS
MTSO
Microwave
BTS
IP Services: VoiP,
IP Video, IMS
Services
Slide 12
IMS
Services
IP/MPLS
Why MPLS?
MPLS is THE unifying technology for various
backhaul types
MPLS is proven in Service Provider deployments
globally it delivers on its promises
MPLS adds carrier-grade capabilities
Reliability is critical
MPLS offers faster convergence and interoperable mechanisms for failure
detection and recover
IP/MPLS
Scalability
Resiliency
Multi-Service manageability
Slide 15
TE/QOS
Cell Site
2G TDM/IP
3G ATM/IP
WiMAX - Enet
Hub
MTSO
TDM
T1/E1
Copper
Enet/PPP
T1/E1
Copper
Enet
Fiber
ATM
T1/E1
Copper
PPP
T1/E1
Copper
Aggregation
via
SDH/SONET
Separate transmission
facilities for different
technologies
IP/MPLS Backbone
Converged
IP/MPLS
Backbone
Central Aggregation,
Consolidation,
Service Routing
ATM
Aggregation
Overlay
MPLS edge
Slide 16
Cell Site
2G TDM/IP
3G ATM/IP
WiMAX - Enet
Hub
TDM
T1/E1
Copper
Enet/PPP
T1/E1
Copper
ATM
T1/E1
Copper
PPP
T1/E1
Copper
Separate transmission
facilities for different
technologies
MPLS
Aggregation
for all
Technologies
IP/MPLS Backbone
MTSO
BSC RNC WAC
TDM/IP ATM/IP Enet
Converged
IP/MPLS
Backbone
Central Aggregation,
Consolidation,
Service Routing
MPLS edge
Slide 17
2G TDM/IP
3G ATM/IP
WiMAX - Enet
IP
IP
Hub
MPLS
Aggregation
for all
Technologies
IP/MPLS Backbone
MTSO
BSC RNC WAC
TDM/IP ATM/IP Enet
Converged
IP/MPLS
Backbone
Router
MPLS edge
IP/MPLS is agnostic to transmission techniques in Access
Slide 18
What is MMBI ?
MPLS in Mobile Backhaul Initiative
Work item embraced by IP/MPLS Forum
Defining role IP/MPLS technologies in Mobile backhaul
(including WiMAX)
ul_PRfinal.pdf
MPLS has been globally deployed in wireline, wireless and converged
core networks.
IP/MPLS Forum aims to complement the cost benefits of Ethernet with
the proven track record of MPLS
In recent years, IP/MPLS Forum has published implementation agreements to
facilitate the migration of ATM and TDM to MPLS-based infrastructure
Slide 19
Future-proof investments
Improve mobile operators bottom line and simplify
operations
Converging technology specific backhaul networks to single
multi-service packet infrastructure
Based on proven benefits of IP/MPLS while leveraging costbenefits of Ethernet
Slide 20
Aggregation
Cell Site
Gateway
Core
Mobile
Aggregation
Site Gateway
Abis
TDM TNL
RC
Edge
Node
Iub
ATM TNL
Iub/R6/R2
IP
TNL
Access
network
xDSL,
microwave,
Leased
Line,
GPON,
Optical Eth
Access
Node
TDM TNL
Edge
Node
Aggregatio
n network
Edge
Node
ATM TNL
IP
TNL
Edge
Node
Abis
Iu-CS
R3
Abis
CSN WiMAX
Gb
Iu-CS
Iu-PS
Iu-PS
Abis
HDLC
TNL
IP/MPL
S Core
mobile
networ
k
R3
Iub
Iub/R6/R2
HDLC
TNL
MSC 2G
MSC 3G
A
Gb
SGSN 2G
SGSN 3G
Iur/R3
MPLS PE function
could be integrated
into the BS
(BTS/NodeB/BS)/RC
Slide 21
Agenda
1. Introduction to the IP/MPLS
2. MPLS in the RAN Backhaul
3. MPLS Basics
MPLS fit and operation in the mobile RAN network and the support of
end-to-end SLAs, QoS, and high availability features
4. MPLS Pseudowires
5. MPLS OAM
Section - 3 Agenda
0825-0840
MPLS Basics
MPLS Architecture
Slide 23
MPLS Definition
Multiprotocol Label Switching (MPLS) is a network
technology that enables network operators to implement
a variety of advanced network features, both to serve
their customers and to enhance their own network
utilization.
These features are a result of the transformation of the
connectionless per-hop behavior of an Internet Protocol
(IP) network into a connection-oriented forwarding along
MPLS Label Switched Paths (LSP).
MPLS operates over enhanced IP routers, using
enhanced IP protocols and leveraging IP Operations
Administration and Management (OAM) systems. Thus,
MPLS can be viewed as an extension of IP, rather than its
replacement.
MPLS works with both IPv4 and IPv6, it is complementary
to IPv6 and can facilitate the IPv6 transition.
Slide 24
Traffic Engineering
"Put the traffic where the bandwidth is"
On-line or off-line optimisation of routes
Ability to diversify routes
Slide 26
Section 3 Agenda
1100-1130
MPLS Basics
MPLS Architecture
Slide 27
IP destination
network
MPLS
network
MPLS Header
Label (20-bits)
L2 Header
MPLS Header
CoS S
TTL
32-bits
Fields
Label
Experimental (CoS)
Stacking bit
Time to live
MPLS Layer
Outage
Administrative
IP Layer
IGP convergence algorithms
Resource efficiency
Leverages statistical gains over use of optical or SDH/SONET layers
Service differentiation
MPLS enables granular levels of protection. This helps service differentiation
(QoS, protection)
Node protection
Service awareness assist in node protection or protection of layer 2 traffic
Robustness
Route pinning avoids transient LSP behavior when SPF routing changes
Interoperability
MPLS provides standardized protection in multi-vendor environments
RFC 4090: FRR extensions to RSVP
Slide 32
Egress
LER
Ingress
LER
Main LSP
Bypass LSPs
Cell Site
Hub
Protected LSP
BSC
2G
3G
RNC
WiMax
TDM
ATM IMA
Ethernet
MPLS RAN
Backup LSP
Slide 34
Hub
Protected LSPs
2G
BSC
3G
WiMax
TDM
RNC
ATM IMA
Ethernet
MPLS RAN
Bypass LSP
Slide 35
Agenda
1. Introduction to the IP/MPLS
2. MPLS in the RAN Backhaul
3. MPLS Basics
MPLS fit and operation in the mobile RAN network and the support of
end-to-end SLAs, QoS, and high availability features
4. MPLS Pseudowires
5. MPLS OAM
What is PWE3?
PWE3 Pseudowire Emulation Edge-to-Edge
Working Group assigned to study carriage of
Legacy and New Services over MPLS
Protocol encapsulations can be carried over
MPLS
Legacy Services under consideration are:
FR, ATM, SONET & SDH, DS0, DS1, DS3,
Slide 37
MPLS Pseudowire
Reference Model
Native Emulated Service
Pseudowire (PW) (forward)
MPLS Tunnel LSP (forward)
CE1
AC
PE1
IP/MPLS Network
PE2
AC
CE2
Tunnel
Header
PW
Header
VC Encaps
Information
Layer 2 payload
3G R99/R3 UMTS
RFC 4717
TDM
2G
RFC 4553
3G to 4G
CDMA
PPP/HDLC
RFC 4618
Slide 40
AC
PE1
IP/MPLS Network
2G-3G
BSC/RNC
Complex
PE2
AC
BTS
Pseudowire (backward)
Slide 41
ATM Service
UNI or NNI
4 octets
Tunnel
Header
PW
Header
bits
4 octets
Control
word
52 octets
52 octets
16
Length
Sequence Number
Control Word
N-to-One Cell Mode Multiple Cell Encapsulation
2 modes:
VPI
VCI
PTI C
VPI
VCI
PTI C
RFC 4717
Slide 42
Tunnel
Header
bits
4 octets
PW
Header
4
1 1
4 octets
Control
Word
2
TDM Payload
Sequence Number
Structure agnostic transport for TDM (T1, E1, T3 and E3) bit streams
RFC 4553
L = Indicates TDM payload is invalid due to an attachment circuit fault (May omit payload to
conserve MPLS bandwidth)
R = Set by MPLS-bound IWF to indicate local CE-bound IWF is in packet loss state (i.e., has lost
a pre-configured number of consecutive packets)
RSV and FRG = Set to 0 by MPLS bound IWF and ignored by CE bound IWF
Slide 43
BTS
L2 AC
MPLS RAN
3G
MTSO
PE
L2 AC
Pseudowire
Node B
Other
Cell-site
PE
Tunnel LSP
PW frame
payload
(L2 protocol)
Licensed/
Unlicensed
WiMax
Radio Access
PW Label
Inner Label
T-LSP Label
Outer Label
Slide 44
Hub
BSC
2G
3G
RNC
WiMax
TDM
ATM IMA
HDLC
MPLS RAN
Ethernet
PWE3
Slide 45
A static or dynamically configured set of two or more contiguous PW segments that behave
and function as a single point-to-point PW
Cell Site
2G
BTS
MPLS Aggregation
MPLS
Access
3G
Pseudowires
Node B
Other
Licensed/
Unlicensed
Radio Access
Tunnel LSP
S-PE
Hub
T-PE
MTSO
WiMAX
T-PE
Slide 46
Agenda
1. Introduction to the IP/MPLS
2. MPLS in the RAN Backhaul
3. MPLS Basics
MPLS fit and operation in the mobile RAN network and the support of
end-to-end SLAs, QoS, and high availability features
4. MPLS Pseudowires
2G
Multi-service
IP/MPLS Network
BTS
Operator expertise
in voice/wireless/TDM
Prefer to automate
provisioning and
minimize CLI training
and script development
NGN Bearer
Service Creation
&
IP Multimedia
Control
IP Multimedia
Application Server
Softswitch
Border Node
Home Subscriber Server
GGSN
Need
BTS
Attachment VC
OAMs
Egress
PE
2G-3G
BSC/RNC
Complex
CE
Pseudowire, Traffic
Engineering or
VPN Label
Slide 49
Operator GUI
OAM
Notification
OSS
OAM
Notification
(flat file)
BTS
MPLS RAN
3G
L2 AC
Node B
Other
Pseudowires
Cell-site
PE
MTSO
PE
L2 AC
Tunnel LSP
Licensed/
Unlicensed
WiMax
Radio Access
BFD - Overview
Simple, fixed-field, hello protocol.
Easily implemented in hardware.
Very useful as a fault-detection mechanism.
Nodes transmit BFD packets periodically over
respective directions of a path
If a node stops receiving BFD packets some
component of the bidirectional path is assumed to
have failed
Applicable to tunnel end-points
Slide 52
Service Level
e.g ATM OAM, MAC-Ping
VLL / PW Level
e.g VCCV, PW status
Tool set for reactive & proactive network operation and maintenance
Cell Site
2G
BTS
Service Level
e.g ATM OAM, SDP-Ping
MPLS Aggregation
MPLS
Access
3G
VLL / PW Level
e.g BFD, VCCV, PW status
Tunnel LSP
Pseudowires
Node B
Other
Licensed/
Unlicensed
Hub
MTSO
Tunnel / LSP Level
WiMAX
Radio Access
2G
BTS
Attachment
Circuit
PSN
2G-3G
BSC/RNC
Complex
PE2
Pseudowire
Attachment
Circuit
Motivation
One tunnel can serve many pseudo-wires
MPLS LSP ping is sufficient to monitor the PSN tunnel
(PE-PE connectivity), but not PWs inside of tunnel
Features
Works over MPLS or IP networks
In-band CV via control word flag or out-of-band option by inserting router alert
label between tunnel and PW labels
Works with BFD, ICMP Ping and/or LSP ping
Slide 55
PW Status Signaling
Ac defect
PE1
2G
BTS
Attachment
Circuit
PW status: AC RX fault
PSN
Pseudowire
Ac defect
2G-3G
BSC/RNC
Complex
PE2
Attachment
Circuit
Slide 56
PW Status Signaling:
Multi-segment PWs
PW status signaling also works for MS-PWs
S-PEs:
Transparently pass remote defect notifications
Generate notifications of local defects
Cell Site
2G
PW Status
BTS
MPLS
Access
3G
Pseudowires
Node B
S-PE
Other
Licensed/
Unlicensed
Radio Access
MPLS Aggregation
Hub
Tunnel LSP
T-PE
MTSO
WiMAX
T-PE
Slide 57
3G
RNC
standby
ATM (IMA)
Node B
Ethernet
MPLS RAN
Slide 58
OSPF,
Network Level Recovery
Dual-homing w/o RSTP
MPLS FRR
MPLS Standby Secondary
Sub 50 ms restoration
End-to-end path
protection
Copyright 2008 IP/MPLS Forum
PW Redundancy
Protects against PE and AC failures
PE configured with multiple pseudowires per VLL service with multiple end-points
Local precedence indicates primary PW for forwarding if multiple PWs are
operationally UP
PW status exchanged end-to-end to notify PEs of operational state of both PWs &
ports / attachment circuits (PW Status Notification).
active
3G
RNC
PW status
ATM (IMA)
Node B
Ethernet
MPLS RAN
Forwarding direction
determined by PW state
standby
AC redundancy:
MC APS
MC - LAG
Agenda
1. Introduction to the IP/MPLS
2. MPLS in the RAN Backhaul
3. MPLS Basics
MPLS fit and operation in the mobile RAN network and the support of
end-to-end SLAs, QoS, and high availability features
4. MPLS Pseudowires
BSC
BTS
1: Radio Framing
Accuracy
Mobile Core
Network(s)
BTS
NodeB
2 : Handoff
Control
NodeB
RNC
3 : Backhaul
Transport Reliability
Slide 61
Slide 62
Backhaul network
BTS/
NodeB
RNC
X
TCP end-to-end windowed transmission
GPS synchronization
Clock distribution over packet network
Slide 64
Agenda
1. Introduction to the IP/MPLS
2. MPLS in the RAN Backhaul
3. MPLS Basics
MPLS fit and operation in the mobile RAN network and the support of
end-to-end SLAs, QoS, and high availability features
4. MPLS Pseudowires
5. MPLS OAM
MMBI Scope
Slide 66
Slide 67
Case 3: IP TNL
Base stations and controller communicating using IP packets
Slide 68
Aggregation
Cell Site
Gateway
Core
Mobile
Aggregation
Site Gateway
Abis
TDM TNL
RC
Edge
Node
Iub
ATM TNL
Iub/R6/R2
IP
TNL
Access
network
xDSL,
microwave,
Leased
Line,
GPON,
Optical Eth
Access
Node
TDM TNL
Edge
Node
ATM TNL
Aggregatio
n network
Edge
Node
IP
TNL
Edge
Node
Abis
Iu-CS
IP/MPL
S Core
mobile
networ
k
R3
Iub
Iub/R6/R2
HDLC
TNL
MSC 2G
MSC 3G
A
Gb
R3
Gb
Iu-CS
Iu-PS
Abis
Iu-PS
Abis
CSN WiMAX
SGSN 2G
SGSN 3G
HDLC
TNL
Iur/R3
PE
PE
PE
T-PE
PE
S-PE P
T-PE
PE
PE
T-PE
PE
T-PE
S-PE
P
PE
PE
PE
PE
PE
PE
PE
PE
Slide 69
RC
MPLS PE function
could be integrated
into the BS
(BTS/NodeB/BS)/RC
MPLS-aware
equipment
Specification
GSM/GPRS/EDGE
(2G/2.5G)
UMTS
TNL
TDM
R3, R99/R4
ATM
R99/R5, R6, R7
ATM
IP
CDMA 1x-RTT
IS-2000
HDLC or TDM
CDMA 1x EV-DO
IS-856
IP
Mobile WiMAX
IP
Slide 70
PW extends from PE to PE
Each TNL Type supported by corresponding TNL PW
In deployment scenario shown, PW extends from Cell Site
Gateway (CSG) to Mobile Aggregation Site Gateway (MASG)
Slide 71
Agenda
1. Introduction to the IP/MPLS Forum
2. MPLS in the RAN Backhaul
3. MPLS Basics
MPLS fit and operation in the mobile RAN network and the support of
end-to-end SLAs, QoS, and high availability features
4. MPLS Pseudowires
5. MPLS OAM
Mobile WiMAX
Reference architecture
Interface between the MS and the BS.
Functionality: air interface
Slide 76
ITU-T
Recommendation G.8261 Timing and Synchronization in Packet
Networks
IEEE
IEEE draft standard 1588 v2 (Precision Clock Synchronization Protocol)
work in progress
Slide 79
http://www.ipmplsforum.org
http://www.ietf.org
http://www.itu.int
http://www.mplsrc.com
Slide 80
Slide 81
Additional Information on
timing and clock synchronization
Slide 82
Synchronization in Mobile
Backhaul
Output Radio
Frequency
Accuracy
TDM Input
Timing
Reference
2G BTS
BSC,
MSC
TDM
NodeB
RNC
ATM IMA
N x T1 IMA
Cell Site
MTSO
Frequency
Accuracy
GSM
50 ppb
UMTS (FDD mode)
50 ppb
UMTS (TDD mode)
50 ppb
CDMA
50 ppb
WiMAX
8 ppm
Time/Phase
Accuracy
No requirement
No requirement
2.5 us
10 us
(<5 us)
Radio System
GSM
UMTS (FDD mode)
Jitter/Wander
G.823/G.824
G.823/G.824
G.823/G.824
CDMA
WiMAX
G.823/G.824
G.823/G.824
NOTE: The radio frequency requirements are a specification for the air
interface; not for the BTS-BSC interface. The utilization of a reference
signal from the BTS-BSC interface for derivation of radio frequency
accuracy will require filtering to remove short term inaccuracies > 50ppb.
Slide 83
Slide 84
ATM/IMA
Node B
ATM/IMA
PDH/
SDH
TDM
Primary
Reference
Clock
MTSO
Cell Site
PDH/
SDH
IWF_2
BTS
TDM
PDH/
SDH
BSC/RNC
MSC/MGW
Slide 85
Node B
PDH
IWF_1
ATM/IMA
L1 Transport
(Synchronous Ethernet Overlay)
PDH/
SDH
SDH
IWF_2
RNC
SGSN
Disadvantages:
IEEE 1588v2
Packet Timing Protocol
Master
Slave
Offset = slavetime - mastertime
ms_difference = t2 t1 = offset + ms_delay
sm_difference = t4 t3 = -offset + sm_delay
offset
t1
t2
t3
t4
Slide 87
Access
BTS /Node B CSG
Access
Gateway
Access
Node
TNL
MSC 2G
2 G -3 G
BSC / RNC
Complex
BNG
TNL
Aggregation
network
BTS / Node B
PRC
via
GPS
A
A
Gb
Iu -CS
Iu -PS
Access network
xDSL,
microwave,
Leased Line,
GPON,
Optical Eth
MSC 3G
/MPLS
Iu-CS
Core
mobile
network
Gb
Iu -PS
SGSN 2G
SGSN 3G
(a 1 )
(a 2 )
(a 3 )
(a4 )
(b )
(c)
(d )
Slide 88
Deployment cases
Deployment case (ax): All clocks are over physical
layer, both the RNC and Node B have the same reference
PRC clock.
Deployment case (b): The aggregation network segment
is running the clock over packet scenario. The Edge
node would regenerate the physical clock and
redistribute it over the access network.
Deployment case ( c ): The Aggregation network
segment and the access segment are running clock over
packet . The access gateway would regenerate the
physical clock and redistribute it to the Node-B.
Deployment case (d): The Aggregation network segment
and the access segment as well as the access gateway,
are running clock over packet. The Node-B recovers the
physical clock.
Slide 89