Chapter 1 An Introduction to Anatomy and Physiology Lecture Outline

Introduction
Characteristics of Living Things
1. Organization
2. Responsiveness
3. Growth & Differentiation
4. Reproduction
5. Movement
6. Metabolism & Excretion
"Form Follows Function"
Anatomy
Gross
Microscopic
Cytology
Histology
Physiology
Levels of Organization
1. Chemical/Molecular
2. Cellular
3. Tissue
4. Organ
5. Organ System
Integumentary
Skeletal
Muscular
Nervous
Endocrine
Cardiovascular
Lymphatic
Respiratory
Digestive
Urinary
Reproductive
6. Organism
Homeostasis
Homeostatic Regulation
Autoregulation
Extrinsic Regulation
Mechanism
1. Receptor
2. Control/Integration Center
3. Effector
Negative Feedback
Positive Feedback
Anatomical Terms
Anatomical position
Supine
Prone
Body Regions
Cephalic
Cervical
Thoracic
Brachial
Antebrachial
Carpal
Amy Warenda Czura, Ph.D.

Manual
Abdominal
Lumbar
Gluteal
Pelvic
Pubic
Inguinal
Femoral
Crural
Sural
Tarsal
Pedal
Plantar
Abdominopelvic regions
Clinical
Right & Left Upper
Right & Left Lower
Anatomical
Right & Left Hypochondriac
Right & Left Lumbar
Right & Left Inguinal
Epigastric
Umbilical
Hypogastric
Directional Terms
Anterior
Posterior
Ventral
Dorsal
Cranial/Cephalic
Caudal
Superior
Inferior
Medial
Lateral
Proximal
Distal
Superficial
Deep
Planes and Sections
1. Transverse
2. Frontal/Coronal
3. Sagittal
Body Cavities
1. Dorsal Body Cavity
Cranial cavity
Spinal cavity
2. Ventral Body cavity
Thoracic cavity
Pleural cavity
Visceral pleura
Parietal pleura
Pericardial cavity
Visceral pericardium
1

SCCC BIO130 Chapter 1 Handout

Parietal pericardium
Mediastinum
Abdominopelvic cavity
Peritoneal cavity
Abdominal cavity
Pelvic cavity

Amy Warenda Czura, Ph.D.

SCCC BIO130 Chapter 1 Handout

Levels of Organization in the Human Body:

1. Chemical/ Molecular Level
Atoms, the smallest stable unit of matter, form molecules
The shape of the molecule determines its function
2. Cellular Level
Molecules form organelles
Each type of organelle performs a specific function
Organelles together make up a cell, the smallest living unit
3. Tissue Level
A tissue is a group of cells working together to perform one or more
specific functions
4. Organ Level
An organ is two or more tissues working together to perform several
functions
5. Organ System Level
An organ system involves the interaction of multiple organs to achieve
common goals
(11 organ systems, see on reverse)
6. Organism (Human) Level
Organ systems work together to maintain the life and health of the body

Amy Warenda Czura, Ph.D.

SCCC BIO130 Chapter 1 Handout

Organ System Overview

Integumentary System
Protects against the environment and helps control body temperature
Skeletal System
Provides support, protects tissues, stores minerals, and makes blood
Muscular System
Produces movement and locomotion, provides support, and generates heat
Nervous System
Directs immediate response to stimuli by coordinating activities of other
organ systems
Endocrine System
Directs long term changes in other organ systems via hormones
Cardiovascular System
Transports cells and dissolved materials including wastes and gases
Lymphatic System
Defends against infection and disease, and returns tissue fluid to the
bloodstream
Respiratory System
Delivers air to sites where gas exchange can occur between air and
circulating blood
Digestive System
Processes food, absorbs nutrients, and eliminates waste products
Urinary System
Eliminates excess water, salts, and waste products
Reproductive System
Produces sex cells and hormones

Amy Warenda Czura, Ph.D.

SCCC BIO130 Chapter 1 Handout

Anatomical regions
Amy Warenda Czura, Ph.D.

SCCC BIO130 Chapter 1 Handout

Planes of Section

Body Cavities
Directional Terms
Amy Warenda Czura, Ph.D.

SCCC BIO130 Chapter 1 Handout