Jan Celine M.

Credo
09/18/15
BSIE 1-1

1. Differentiate Digestion from Metabolism

Digestion
Digestion is a process by which food is changed to a simpler form after
it is eaten or simply it is the breaking down of foods. It is a catabolic process
but only the chemical digestion should be considered and not the mechanical
process.
Metabolism
Metabolism is an extremely vital set of biochemical reactions taking
place, sustaining the life of organisms. It is also a chemical process that is
responsible in maintaining the growth and the development of an organism.
(http://www.differencebetween.com/difference-between-metabolism-and-vsdigestion/)

2. Kinds of Metabolism
1. Catabolism
- It is a process that breaks down large molecules and includes
the breaking down and oxidizing food molecules. Its purpose is to
provide the energy and components needed by anabolic reactions.
2. Anabolism
- It is a metabolic process where the energy released by
catabolism is used to synthesize complex molecules.
(https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metabolism)

3. What are Proteins?

Proteins are large biomolecules, or macromolecules, consisting of one
or more long chains of amino acid residues. A protein contains at least one
long polypeptide. A polypeptide is a linear chain of amino acid residues.
Short polypeptides, containing less than about 20-30 residues, are rarely
considered to be proteins and are commonly called peptides, or
sometimes oligopeptides. A protein's lifespan is measured in terms of its half-

life and covers a wide range. They can exist for minutes or years with an
average lifespan of 12 days in mammalian cells.
(https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protein)

4. Who is the sponsor of the word Proteins?

Proteins were first described by the Dutch chemist Gerardus Johannes
Mulder and the scientist Jns Jacob Berzelius gave its name. But many other
scientist studied proteins.
(https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protein#History_and_etymology)

5. What are Fats?

Fats also known as triglycerides are esters of three fatty acid chains
and the alcohol glycerol. It is an important foodstuff for many forms of life,
and fats serve both structural and metabolic functions. It also serves both as
energy sources for the body, and as stores for energy in excess of what the
body needs immediately. Fats are broken down in the healthy body to release
their constituents, glycerol and fatty acids.
(https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fat)

6. What are the building blocks of proteins?

The building block of a protein is the amino acid. There are 20 amino
acids in the proteins you eat and in the proteins within your body, and they
link together to form large protein molecules.
(http://healthyeating.sfgate.com/basic-building-block-protein-called6900.html)

7. What is a peptide?
Peptides are the short chains of amino acid monomers that are linked
by peptide bonds. The shortest peptides are called dipeptides and are
consisted of 2 amino acids joined by a single peptide bond.
(https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peptide)

8. What are the 20 kinds of Amino Acids?

1. Alanine
-this is one of the most important among the 20 common kinds of
amino acids. It offers energy to your system. It releases into the
blood stream during exercise time and induces carbohydrateconsuming effect to the health system. It promotes enhancement in
the area of protein synthesis and nitrogen balance.

2. Arginine
- it is known to be a semi-essential amino acid. Sometimes more is
required than normal production.
3. Asparagine
- It is needed to maintain homeostatic balance in the nervous
system.
4. Aspartic Acid
- Aspartic acid is one of two acidic amino acids belonging to the
group of 20 common amino acids. It promotes enzyme activity,
maintenance of solubility in the body, as well as homeostasis in
ionic characters of proteins.
5. Cysteine
- It is present only at the rate of 2.8% into proteins but it provides
the 3-dimensional stability of the protein molecule.
6. Glutamic Acid
- It is one of the important amino acid among all 20 common amino
acids. It is responsible for transportation of glutamate and other
amino acids to the blood barrier.
7. Glutamine
- Glutamine is able to eliminate excess ammonia from the body
system. It enhances immune system. It also possesses anti-anxiety
property that permits the mind to be relaxed.
8. Glycine
- it is known as the second most common among the group of
amino acids. It helps transforming harmful toxic substances within
the body to a non-toxic form.
9. Histidine
- It is required for infant development. Histidine deficiency may
result in eczema, a kind of skin disease. There are few genetic
disorders that promote non-metabolic state for histidine. This results
in speech disorders and mental retardations among infants and
toddlers.
10. Isoleucine
- This kind of amino acid is particularly important for stimulating the
brain in order to produce mental alertness.

11. Leucine
- It is particularly effective in producing other essential biochemical
compounds in the body. These chemicals are important for
producing bodily energy and mental alertness.
12. Lysine
- Lysine is one of the most important amino acid among all 20
common amino acids. It functions against herpes virus in
particular by providing body required nutritional supplements.
13. Methionine
- It is an essential amino acid which functions at initiating the
translation of messenger RNA.
14. Phenylalanine
- This amino acid profoundly affects brain cells at biochemical level.
15. Proline
- It significantly affects human nutrition. It is believed to act as a
source of nitrogen.
16. Serine
- It is intimately related to various bodily functions such as fat
metabolism, tissue growth, enhancement of immune system and
many more. It is an essential ingredient of brain protein.
17. Threonine
- It helps in maintaining protein balance and also in assisting
collagen formation.
18. Tryptophan
- This is particularly needed in the body for the production of
vitamin B3.
19. Tyrosine
- This is crucial in building link between dopamine and
norepinephrine. It also reduces fat by suppressing appetite.
20. Valine
- It is effective in promoting tissue growth and maintaining nitrogen
balance in the health system.
(http://www.streetdirectory.com/etoday/20-essential-amino-acids-ccjj.html)

9. What is rancidity?
Rancidity is defined as the spoilage of food or the food having a strong
and unpleasant smell.
(http://whfoods.org/genpage.php?tname=dailytip&dbid=356)
10.

The general structure of fats and oil

(http://catalog.flatworldknowledge.com/bookhub/reader/2547?e=gobch17_s02)

11.

Significance of proteins

The significance or importance of proteins in humans is that without it,

an individual would lack the building blocks needed for all tissue repair,
critical enzymes and hormones you needed for all of your metabolic
functions and antibodies that help your body defend against infections.
(http://bonfirehealth.com/importance-protein-sources/)

12.

Biological Significance of Proteins

Proteins play important roles in plants by storing nutrients in their

seeds. In some animal cells and tissues, proteins store iron and other
nutrients. Contractile proteins help cells and organisms move by facilitating
muscle contraction. Transport proteins are found in all living species: they
bring substances such as blood, water and glucose from one destination to
the next and reside in plasma and intracellular membranes.

(http://www.ask.com/science/biological-significance-proteins11d4e30be9f7f3e5)